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| Formation | 1947 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Rabat, Morocco |
Secretary General | Serge Berdugo |
| Website | mimouna |
The Council of Jewish Communities of Morocco (CCIM) is a central organization for Moroccan Jews established in 1947 during the French protectorate, in the context of the colonial government's post-World War II reforms attempting to quell the Jewish youth leadership's calls for democracy and self-expression. [1] [2]
In 1918, the French colonial administration recognized local Jewish community councils. [3] In 1931, they were given a legal personality. [3]
The Dahir of 1918,[ which? ] which first organized the Jewish courts and established a legal organization for the Jewish communities in Morocco, [4] was replaced the Dahir of 1945,[ which? ] which democratized the internal political process of the Jewish communities. [2] [5] It called for yearly meetings of the leaders of the country's Jewish communities to discuss their common issues, and the CCMI was the organ through which those discussions took place. [2]
The French placed Jewish supporters loyal to them, such as Jacques Dahan, at the leadership of the council, mediating between the interests of the French government and the Jewish community. [1] [2] The organization published La Voix des communautés , a monthly newspaper representing the mainstream views of the Westernized class of Moroccan Jews. [1] [2]
The leadership of the council was replaced in 1956 with the end of the French protectorate. In 1961, with the coronation of Hassan II, David Amar assumed leadership of the council 1957-1974 and 1977 - 1987 . [1] This period coincided with Operation Yachin, when the majority of Moroccan Jews migrated to Israel. [1]
Under Serge Berdugo, and after the emigration of the majority of the Moroccan Jewish population, the CCIM assumed the responsibility of maintaining Jewish historical sites and holy places and of promoting Morocco's Jewish heritage. [2] In July 2022, secretary-general of the CCIM Serge Berdugo expressed the recognition and pride in the measures reorganizing the Jewish community in Morocco taken by the royal cabinet of King Muhammad VI. [6]
Mohammed al-Khamis bin Yusef bin Hassan al-Alawi, better known simply Mohammed V, was the last Sultan of Morocco from 1927 to 1953 and from 1955 to 1957, and first King of Morocco from 1957 to 1961. A member of the 'Alawi dynasty, he played an instrumental role in securing the independence of Morocco from the French and Spanish Protectorates.
The French protectorate in Morocco, also known as French Morocco, was the period of French colonial rule in Morocco that lasted from 1912 to 1956. The protectorate was officially established 30 March 1912, when Sultan Abd al-Hafid signed the Treaty of Fez, though the French military occupation of Morocco had begun with the invasion of Oujda and the bombardment of Casablanca in 1907.
The Treaty of Fes, officially the Treaty Concluded Between France and Morocco on 30 March 1912, for the Organization of the French Protectorate in the Sharifian Empire, was a treaty signed by Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco under duress and French diplomat Eugène Regnault on 30 March 1912. It established the French protectorate in Morocco, and remained in effect until the Franco-Moroccan Joint Declaration of 2 March 1956.
The Cherifian Anthem is the national anthem of Morocco. Composed by French military officer and chief of music for the royal Moroccan guard Léo Morgan, it has been in use since the French protectorate period. Lyrics were written for it by the Moroccan author and poet Professor Ali Squalli Houssaini and adopted in 1970.
The history of the Jews in Morocco goes back to ancient times. Moroccan Jews constitute an ancient community. Before the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, there were about 265,000 Jews in the country, with a maximum of between 250,000 and 350,000 at its peak in the 1950s, which gave Morocco the largest Jewish community in the Muslim world, but by 2017 only 2,000 or so remained. Jews in Morocco, originally speakers of Berber languages, Judeo-Moroccan Arabic or Judaeo-Spanish, were the first in the country to adopt the French language in the mid-19th century, and unlike among the Muslim population French remains the main language of members of the Jewish community there.
The Berber Dahir is a dhahir (decree) that was created by the French protectorate in Morocco on May 16, 1930. The document changed the legal system in the parts of Morocco in which Berber languages were primarily spoken, and the legal system in the rest of the country would remain the way it had been before the French invasion. Sultan Muhammad V signed the Dahir under no duress though he was only 20 years old at the time.
Al-Wifāq was a Moroccan Jewish nationalist organization promoting coexistence between Jews and Muslim communities in Morocco.
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is the variety or the varieties of the Moroccan vernacular Arabic spoken by Moroccan Jews living or formerly living in Morocco. Historically, the majority of Moroccan Jews spoke Moroccan vernacular Arabic, or Darija, as their first language, even in Amazigh areas, which was facilitated by their literacy in Hebrew script. The Darija spoken by Moroccan Jews, which they referred to as al-‘arabiya diyalna as opposed to ‘arabiya diyal l-məslimīn, typically had distinct features, such as š>s and ž>z "lisping," some lexical borrowings from Hebrew, and in some regions Hispanic features from the migration of Sephardi Jews following the Alhambra Decree. The Jewish dialects of Darija spoken in different parts of Morocco had more in common with the local Moroccan Arabic dialects than they did with each other.
The Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie is the national gendarmerie force of the Kingdom of Morocco, and comes under the joint-authority of the Minister Delegate to the Head of Government in charge of the administration of National Defense, Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Justice.
David Cazès was a Moroccan Jewish educator and writer.
Serge Haroche is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon. This and his other works developed laser spectroscopy. Since 2001, Haroche is a professor at the Collège de France and holds the chair of quantum physics and in 2022 he had the Fermi Chair of Physics at University of Rome La Sapienza
The General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance, is the civilian domestic intelligence service of Morocco. It is tasked with the monitoring and anticipation of potentially subversive domestic activities.
David Bensoussan is a Moroccan-Canadian author and educator. Bensoussan has worked in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the École de technologie supérieure of the Université du Québec since 1980. He is best known for his histories of the Jewish community of Morocco and for his leadership roles in the Sephardi Jewish community. He has served as President of the Communauté Sépharade Unifiée du Québec.
The Museum of Moroccan Judaism is a museum of Jewish life in Morocco in Casablanca, Morocco.
David Amar (1920–2000) was a Moroccan businessman, leader of the Moroccan Jewish community, politician, and philanthropist.
Serge Berdugo is a Moroccan lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Tourism for both Prime Ministers Mohammed Karim Lamrani and Abdellatif Filali between 1993 and 1995. Berdugo is a leader within the Moroccan Jewish community, serving as Secretary-General of the Israelite Community Council of Morocco and President of the Israelite Community of Casablanca.
Fouzi Lekjaa is a senior Moroccan civil servant, sports executive and politician, who is the president of the Royal Moroccan Football Federation since 2014, and a member of the FIFA Council since 2021. On 7 October 2021 he was appointed Minister Delegate for the Budget. He also holds the position of President of the CAF Finance Commission and Vice-President of the Commission in charge of the organization of interclub competitions and the management of the club licensing system within CAF.
La Voix des communautés was a monthly francophone publication of the Conseil des Communautés Israélites du Maroc (CCIM) published February 1, 1950 - 1 October 1963 out of Rabat.
Yonathan Arfi is a French CEO and activist. A member of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France since 2002, he was elected as vice-president on 4 February 2014, and ran for president in 2022. On 26 June 2022, he succeeded Francis Kalifat as president of the CRIF.
Sidi Hamdi Ould Errachid is a Moroccan Sahrawi politician who is currently serving as the president of the Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra regional council since 2015 under the banner of the Istiqlal Party.
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