DAAM1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | DAAM1 , dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 606626 MGI: 1914596 HomoloGene: 36635 GeneCards: DAAM1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAAM1 gene. [5] [6] [7] Evidence of alternative splicing has been observed for this gene but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined.
Cell motility, adhesion, and cytokinesis, and other functions of the cell cortex are mediated by the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and recent evidence suggests a role for formin homology (FH) proteins in these processes. The protein encoded by this gene contains FH domains and belongs to a novel FH protein subfamily implicated in cell polarity. Wnt/Fz signaling activates the small GTPase Rho, a key regulator of cytoskeleton architecture, to control cell polarity and movement during development. Activation requires Dvl-Rho complex formation, an assembly mediated by this gene product, which is thought to function as a scaffolding protein. [7]
The deletion of a single copy of this gene has been associated with congenital heart defects. [8]
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name Wnt is a portmanteau created from the names Wingless and Int-1. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across animal species from fruit flies to humans.
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants. Three members of the family have been studied in detail: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. All G proteins are "molecular switches", and Rho proteins play a role in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and other common cellular functions.
Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the RHOA gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is primarily associated with cytoskeleton regulation, mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 and DIAPH1 are the best described. RhoA, and the other Rho GTPases, are part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily, a family of proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division. RhoA is one of the oldest Rho GTPases, with homologues present in the genomes since 1.5 billion years. As a consequence, RhoA is somehow involved in many cellular processes which emerged throughout evolution. RhoA specifically is regarded as a prominent regulatory factor in other functions such as the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, transcription, cell cycle progression and cell transformation.
RhoC is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RHOC.
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL1 gene.
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOQ gene.
Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 also known as DLC1 and StAR-related lipid transfer protein 12 (STARD12) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DLC1 gene.
Formin-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FNBP1 gene.
Protein diaphanous homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIAPH1 gene.
Segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DVL2 gene.
Rnd3 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND3.
RhoD is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RHOD.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAV3 gene.
Formin-binding protein 1-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FNBP1L gene.
SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRGAP3 gene.
FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGD4 gene.
SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRGAP1 gene.
Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOBTB1 gene.
Formin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMNL2 gene.
Dishevelled (Dsh) is a family of proteins involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Dsh is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that acts directly downstream of frizzled receptors. It takes its name from its initial discovery in flies, where a mutation in the dishevelled gene was observed to cause improper orientation of body and wing hairs. There are vertebrate homologs in zebrafish, Xenopus (Xdsh), mice and humans. Dsh relays complex Wnt signals in tissues and cells, in normal and abnormal contexts. It is thought to interact with the SPATS1 protein when regulating the Wnt Signalling pathway.