Dak Dam ឃុំដាក់ដាំ | |
|---|---|
  Dak Dam Location within Cambodia | |
| Coordinates: 12°24′N107°34′E / 12.400°N 107.567°E Coordinates: 12°24′N107°34′E / 12.400°N 107.567°E | |
| Country |  Cambodia |
| Province | Mondulkiri |
| District | Ou Reang District |
| Villages | 3 |
| Time zone | UTC+07 |
| Geocode | 110301 |
Dak Dam is a khum (commune) of Ou Reang District in Mondulkiri Province in north-eastern Cambodia.
Dak Dam was first established in February 1933 as a French outpost built as fortified posts intended to protect the road on the Piste Richomme and strengthen the French presence in Indochina. It was known as the Camp Le Rolland, in honour of a French lieutenant who died of malaria while protecting the site. [1] A group of Bunong led a rebellion against the French presence in February 1934 but was quickly controlled, [2] while the Roth Chan, an Khmer civil servant, of another Bunong who had helped the French soldiers were executed by the rebellion. [3]
In the following years, Dak Dam became a popular spot for hunting, with hunters coming all the way from Saigon. [4]
In 1938, the French protectorate opened a dispensary in Dak Dam to shelter the sick and provide basic health assistance to locals. [5] A school and boarding home was also built at the same time. [6]
In 1968, Dak Dam was chosen by the indigenous FULRO insurgency against Vietnam to become its headquarters in replacement of the old French Camp Le Rolland across the border in Cambodia. [7]
On the 16 and 17 November 1969, a border incident erupted in Dak Dam between the Royal Cambodian Army, the North Vietnamese Army, and the United States Army, [8] involving the use of napalm by the US Army [9] leaving from Bu Prang Camp after the mistaken identification of a Cambodian convoy. [10] The Bu Prang Camp had been under fire from Vietnamese communists hiding in the surroundings of Dak Dam since the closure of Landing Zone Kate on November 1 of that same year. At least 25 Cambodians perished. It was the "most serious such incident" [11] though the US government in an interview with Sisowath Sirik Matak on 23 November 1969 denied using the B-52 to bomb Dak Dam. [12] Many in American were shocked by this incursion, as Noam Chomsky who criticized this "casual and callous disregard of Cambodian neutrality". [13] and the US government finally paid $11,400 in reparations.
Between 10 and 11 January 1979, the Khmer revolutionary army of Pol Pot was attacked by Vietnamese troops helped by local Bunong rebels. Fierce battles took place. More than 100 Vietnamese troops were decimated, one piece of artillery was destroyed and large quantities of ammunition and war materials were captured. [14]
As of 2021, the commune includes 3 phums (villages) as follows. [15]
Dak Dam has a relatively cool South-East Asian tropical climate. Dak Dam is the village in Cambodia with the lowest temperature mean at 67 ° F as well as the lowest extreme low temperature of 64 ° F. [16]
Dak Dam holds a Cambodian record of 170 days of rain in a year, which is more than on Mount Bokor (166) or Kampot (124). [17]
Dak Dam has a rich fauna. It is an essential asset for the Phnong population as the majority of households have hunted and trapped wildlife and gathered food and other products from the forest for generations. [18]
The Dak Dam river site is important for its populations of green peafowl Pavo muticus and white-winged duck Cairina scutulata. Long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis has also been recorded at Dak Dam Stream as of 1998 as well as the Asian elephant Elephas maximus, gaur Bos gaurus and banteng Bos javanicus. However, Brickle could not rule out the possibility that the tracks used to record Asian Elephant came from domestic animals alone. [19]
Dak Dam is the set of a beautiful flora, considered "a relatively undisturbed riverine forest, one of the most threatened habitat types in South-East Asia". [20] In recent years, its forest has been threatened by tree logging [21] as well as forest clearing, especially in the nearby Phnom Nam Lyr Wildlife Sanctuary as late as of May 2020. [22]
In recent, Dak Dam has seen growing interest for eco- and ethnotourism.
Among other destinations, the Dak Dam Waterfall as well the Andong Snae mountain, or Well of Love, are most popular among tourists. [23]
French Indochina, officially known as the Indochinese Union and after 1947 as the Indochinese Federation, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia until its demise in 1954. It comprised Cambodia, Laos, the Chinese territory of Guangzhouwan, and the Vietnamese regions of Tonkin in the north, Annam in the centre, and Cochinchina in the south. The capital for most of its history (1902–45) was Hanoi; Saigon was the capital from 1887 to 1902 and again from 1945 to 1954. This region was referred to as Indochine française in French.
Montagnard is an umbrella term for the various indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The French term Montagnard signifies a mountain dweller, and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. In Vietnamese, they are known by the term người Thượng, although this term can also be applied to other minority ethnic groups in Vietnam. In modern Vietnam, both terms are archaic, and indigenous ethnic groups are referred to as Đồng bào or Người dân tộc thiểu số. Earlier they were referred to pejoratively as the mọi. Sometimes the term Degar is used for the group as well. Most of those living in America refer to themselves as Montagnards, while those living in Vietnam refer to themselves by their individual ethnic group.
Kratié, alternatively spelled Kraches or Kracheh, is a province (khaet) of Cambodia located in the northeast. It borders Stung Treng to the north, Mondulkiri to the east, Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham to the west, and Tboung Khmum, and the country of Vietnam to the south.
George Cœdès was a 20th-century French scholar of southeast Asian archaeology and history.
Mondulkiri, is a province (khaet) of Cambodia. Bordering the provinces of Kratié to the west, Stung Treng to the northwest, Ratanakiri to the north, and the country of Vietnam to the east and south. It is the most sparsely populated province in the country despite being the largest in land area. The province was established in 1961 from the eastern part of Kratié province. The capital is the town of Senmonorom.
The Mnong or Munong are an ethnic group from Vietnam and Cambodia.
The Fédération Indochinoise des Associations du Scoutisme was the earliest Scouting governing body in French Indochina, encompassing several smaller Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese Scout associations, open without bias of faith or political viewpoint, from 1930 to 1954. The federation spawned, then later devolved into, the Scouts Lao, the Hội Hướng Đạo Việt Nam and the Angkar Khemarak Kayarith.
Georges Louis Condominas was a French cultural anthropologist. He is best known for his field studies of the Mnong people of Vietnam.
The United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races was an organization whose objective was autonomy for the Degar tribes in Vietnam. Initially a political movement, after 1969 it evolved into a fragmented guerrilla group that carried on simultaneous insurgencies against the governments of the Republic of Vietnam under Presidents Ngo Diem and Nguyen van Thieu and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam of Ho Chi Minh. Opposed to all forms of Vietnamese rule, FULRO fought against both sides in the Vietnam War of the Viet Cong - communists and also against the American allied Army of the Republic of Vietnam at the same time. FULRO's primary supporter during the 1960s and early 70s conflict in Southeast Asia was the Kingdom of Cambodia, with some aid sent by Mao Tse-tung's Peoples' Republic of China.
The city now known as Ho Chi Minh City has gone by several different names during its history, reflecting settlement by different ethnic, cultural and political groups. Originally known as Prey Nôkôr while a part of the Khmer Empire, it came to be dubbed Sài Gòn informally by Vietnamese settlers fleeing the Trịnh–Nguyễn War to the north. In time, control of the city and the area passed to the Vietnamese, who gave the city the name of Gia Định. This name remained until the time of French conquest in the 1860s, when the occupying force adopted the name Saïgon for the city, a westernized form of the traditional Vietnamese name. The current name was given after the Fall of Saigon in 1975, and honors Hồ Chí Minh, the first leader of North Vietnam. Even today, however, the informal name of Sài Gòn remains in daily speech both domestically and internationally, especially among the Vietnamese diaspora and local southern Vietnamese.
The Khmer Loeu is the collective name given to the various indigenous ethnic groups residing in the highlands of Cambodia. The Khmer Loeu are found mainly in the northeastern provinces of Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, and Mondulkiri. Most of the highland groups are Mon-Khmer peoples and are distantly related, to one degree or another, to the Khmer. Two of the Khmer Loeu groups are Chamic peoples, a branch of the Austronesian peoples, and have a very different linguistic and cultural background. The Mon–Khmer-speaking tribes are the aboriginal inhabitants of mainland Southeast Asia, their ancestors having trickled into the area from the northwest during the prehistoric metal ages. The Austronesian-speaking groups, Rade and Jarai, are descendants of the Malayo-Polynesian peoples who came to what is now coastal Vietnam, saw the rise and fall of their Champa kingdoms, and then migrated west over the Annamite Range, dispersing between the Mon–Khmer groups.
Asian diasporas in France consist of foreign residents and French citizens originating from Asian countries living in France. French citizens of Asian descent primarily have ancestry from the former French colonies of Indochina, although there has been a growing number of Chinese and Turkish immigration to France. Other Asian ethnic groups found in France include other West Asians, such as the Lebanese, South Asians, Japanese and Koreans.
Gérard Moussay (16 August 1932, Brecé was a French Catholic missionary. He was also a specialist on Cam and Minangkabau languages.
Henri Fontaine, was a French Roman Catholic missionary. He was also a pre-Tertiary geologist/paleontologist, Paleozoic corals specialist, and archaeologist.
George Groslier (French: [ʒɔʁʒ ˈgʁo.lje] was a French polymath who – through his work as a painter, writer, historian, archaeologist, ethnologist, architect, photographer and curator – studied, described, popularized and worked to preserve the arts, culture and history of the Khmer Empire of Cambodia. Born in Phnom Penh to a French civil servant – he was the first French child ever born in Cambodia – Groslier was taken by his mother to France at the age of two and grew up in Marseille. Aspiring to become a painter, he tried but failed to win the prestigious Prix de Rome. Shortly afterwards, he returned to Cambodia, on a mission from the Ministry of Education. There he met and befriended a number of French scholars of traditional Cambodian culture. Under their influence, he wrote and published, in France in 1913, his initial book on this subject: Danseuses Cambodgiennes – Anciennes et Modernes. It was the very first scholarly work ever published in any language on Cambodian dance. He then returned to Cambodia, traveling the length and breadth of the country to examine its ancient monuments and architecture. From this experience came his book A l'ombre d 'Angkor; notes et impressions sur les temples inconnus de l'ancien Cambodge. In June 1914, Groslier enlisted in the French army and was employed as a balloonist in the early part of World War I. It was during this time that he met and married sportswoman Suzanne Cecile Poujade; they eventually had three children.
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A neak ta (អ្នកតា) is a Cambodian ancestral or tutelary deity, believed locally to watch over people, places, and things, as long as they are paid proper respect.
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Capital: Senmonorom | ||
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