Danish: Rigsarkivet | |
Agency overview | |
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Formed | 1889 |
Preceding agencies |
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Jurisdiction | Government of Denmark |
Headquarters | Copenhagen, Denmark |
Employees | 250 [1] |
Agency executives |
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Parent department | The Ministry of Culture |
Website | en |
The Danish National Archives (Danish : Rigsarkivet) is the national archive system of Denmark. Its primary purpose is to collect, preserve and archive historically valuable records from central authorities, such as ministries, agencies and national organisations and make them available to the public. The archive is part of the Ministry of Culture.
Previously the term Danish State Archives (Danish: Statens Arkiver) was used as the collective name for the archive system. In 2014 the archives were reorganised, and the name Rigsarkivet (which had previously only applied to the Danish National Archives in Copenhagen) became the new collective name for the entire archive system.
In the early Middle ages, the majority of records keep by Danish monarchs were packed into chests which accompanied them on their travels around the kingdom. The first evidence of permanent government archives comes from the 14th century, when an archive was established at Vordingborg Castle. Soon after, Queen Margaret I established an archive at Kalundborg Castle (Danish: Kalundborg Slot). As Copenhagen had become the seat of the crown, King Christopher III established an administrative archive at Copenhagen Castle, and in 1582 all of the Royal Archives (Danish: kongerigets arkiv) were gathered in the vault at Copenhagen Castle. By 1684, the Royal Archives had been relocated to the newly constructed Rosenborg Castle. [3]
In 1720, the Royal Archives were again relocated near the former chancery building, to be housed at the same location as the Gehejmearkivet (lit. 'secret archive' or 'confidential archive'). [3] [4] In 1883, the two archival institutions were overseen by the same director, and in 1889 they were officially merged by law. The resulting merger formed the National Archives (Danish: Rigsarkivet). [3] [4] The same law which established the National Archives also called for the formation of several provincial archives, which would be responsible for the curation of local administrative documents within the same archival system. [3]
In the 20th century two independent archives were established in Denmark: the Data Archives (Danish: Dansk Data Arkiv) and the National Business Archives (Danish: Erhvervsarkivet). The business archives were established in 1948 in Aarhus as an independent institution. It was acquired by the state in 1962. [5] The data archives were established in 1973; it was initially located in Copenhagen, but relocated to Odense in 1978 when it became part of Odense University. [6]
The archival law of 1992 restructured the national archival system, so that the entire system was overseen by the Danish State Archives. [3] Initially, the term Danish State Archives referred collectively to these archives:
The four provincial archives held records transferred from regional authorities, like courts of law, the county authorities, the police and many other local authorities. Records from central authorities, such as ministries, agencies and national organisations, were held at the Danish National Archives. The Danish National Business Archives kept registers, documents, etc. from companies and organisations in the business sector. The Danish Data Archives, the newest of the seven archive holding bodies, kept historical and social science studies such as registers, databases and other electronically stored information.
In 2012, the Provincial Archives of Zealand, Lolland-Falster and Bornholm were disestablished and its collections were merged with the Danish National Archives in Copenhagen.
In 2014, the State Archives were again restructured; the entire organization was centralized under one name and governing body. On 1 October 2014, the name Danish State Archives (Danish: Statens Arkiver) was replaced with the name Danish National Archives (Danish: Rigsarkivet). [7] [3] Today the name Danish National Archives refers to all archives within the national system, not just the organization's headquarters in Copenhagen. Under the new structure, the separate archives became reading rooms in a larger archive system. The new Danish National Archives were initially organised as:
Today, the Danish National Archives includes four reading rooms: the National Archives in Copenhagen, Aabenraa, Odense, and Viborg. Until 2015, the archives also had a reading room in Aarhus; its collections have since been moved to Viborg. [8]
The archive was founded in 1889 out of two older national archives, Gehejmearkivet (1296–1883) and Kongerigets arkiv (1861–1884). In 2012 the collections of the Provincial Archives of Zealand, Lolland-Falster and Bornholm were merged into the Danish National Archives. In 2014, the Danish National Archives was renamed Danish National Archives, Copenhagen and the term Danish National Archives came to represent all of the former Danish State Archives collectively. Today, the headquarters of the Danish National Archives, Copenhagen are located at Proviantgården, next to Christiansborg Palace on Slotsholmen. Copenhagen reading room is also located at Proviantgården and is open to the public. A new purpose-built storage building was opened in 2009 at Kalvebod Brygge. It was designed by PLH Arkitekter.[ citation needed ]
The Danish National Archives, Copenhagen holds the archives of the Danish overseas trading companies, including the archives of the Danish East India Company, the Danish Asiatic Company, the Danish West India and Guinea Company, and the Danish West India Trading Company, a collection which reflects Denmark's relations with foreign countries such as the European States, Russia, Turkey, North African states and the American states. The archives of the Danish overseas trading companies were inscribed on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 1997. [9]
The Sound Toll Records, which provide detailed information about every ship and cargo that entered the Baltic and departed from the Baltic through the Danish straits starting in the 15th century, are held at the Danish National Archives and in 2007, the collection was inscribed on the Memory of the World Register. [10]
The documents are stored on electrically powered mobile shelving – double-sided shelves, which are pushed together so that there is no aisle between them. A large handle on the end of each shelf allows them to be moved along tracks in the floor to create an aisle when needed. The units have a small AC or DC motor hidden in the base that automatically moves the units when a single button is pressed.[ citation needed ]
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The Provincial Archives of Funen (Danish: Landsarkivet for Fyn) first opened in Odense on 1 November 1893. The first visitor came two weeks later. The archives in Odense were the second of the three provincial archives envisioned in the first Danish archive law of 30 March 1889. They accepted archival material from state authorities, local authorities and individuals within the geographical area of the former Funen County.[ citation needed ]
In 2014, the Provincial Archives were renamed as the Danish National Archives, Odense as part of the reorganisation of the Danish archival system. Prior to the system's reorganisation, the Provincial Archives of Funen received approximately 10,000 visitors annually, and it contained approximately 20 km of archival material in its collection.[ citation needed ]
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Prior to 2014, the archives in Aarhus were a separate branch of the Danish State Archives, known as the Danish National Business Archives . [8] They collected source material about Danish business development through time. Private companies and organizations were not obligated to supply information so collection happened on a voluntary basis through negotiations and agreements for voluntary submissions. The oldest material is from the 1500s, while the majority from the period of 1850–1950. The collection consisted of about 7000 archives from companies from all sectors of the economy. The archival database Daisy continues to contain the registries over the former collections of the Business Archive, now a part of the Danish National Archives.
The business archive was established as an independent institution in 1948. In 1968 it was taken over by the state with a special law and in 1992 it became part of the State Archives. Before the archives moved to the present building in 1962 the archives were kept in the basement under the City Hall between 1948 and 1950, then under the university building until 1956 and then in the buildings of a former railway station of the defunct Aarhus-Hammel line. [11]
In September 2014, it was announced that the State Archives would move the Business Archives to Viborg and merge it with the Provincial Archives of Northern Jutland in 2015–2016. [12] [13]
Transport in Denmark is developed and modern. The motorway network covers 1,111 km while the railway network totals 2,667 km of operational track. The Great Belt Fixed Link connecting the islands of Zealand and Funen and the New Little Belt Bridge connecting Funen and Jutland greatly improved the traffic flow across the country on both motorways and rail. The two largest airports of Copenhagen and Billund provide a variety of domestic and international connections, while ferries provide services to the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Germany, Sweden, and Norway, as well as domestic routes servicing most Danish islands.
Odense is the third largest city in Denmark and the largest city on the island of Funen. As of 1 January 2024, the city proper had a population of 183,763 while Odense Municipality had a population of 209,078, making it the fourth largest municipality in Denmark. Eurostat and OECD have used a definition for the Metropolitan area of Odense, which includes all municipalities in the Province of Funen, with a total population of 504,066 as of 1 July 2022.
Middelfart is a town in central Denmark, with a population of 16,528 as of January 2024. The town is the municipal seat of Middelfart Municipality on the island of Funen.
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner, is the largest Danish train operating company, and the largest in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called the S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2017, DSB operated trains in Sweden.
Higher education in Denmark is offered by a range of universities, university colleges, business academies and specialised institutions. The national higher education system is in accordance with the Bologna Process, with bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees. The majority of higher education institutions are the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science; however, some higher education institutions within the arts are the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture.
Hans Tausen (Tavsen) nicknamed the “Danish Luther” was the leading Lutheran theologian of the Danish Reformation in Denmark. He served as Bishop of Ribe and published the first translation of the Pentateuch into Danish in 1535.
The rail transport system in Denmark consists of 2,633 km of railway lines, of which the Copenhagen S-train network, the main line Helsingør-Copenhagen-Padborg, and the Lunderskov-Esbjerg line are electrified. Most traffic is passenger trains, although there is considerable transit goods traffic between Sweden and Germany.
The Central Denmark Region, or more directly translated as the Central Jutland Region and sometimes simply Mid-Jutland, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform. The reform abolished the traditional counties (amter) and replaced them with five new administrative regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the total number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favour of the local level and the national government in Copenhagen. The Central Denmark Region comprises 19 municipalities.
The former Diocese of Odense was a Roman Catholic diocese in Denmark which included the islands of Funen, Langeland, Tåsinge, Lolland, Falster, Als, and Ærø. Its episcopal see was located in Odense at St. Canute's Cathedral.
Jutland Art Academy, is a state recognized institute for higher education in Aarhus, Denmark, offering a 5-year programme in contemporary art. The academy has no departments and focuses on conceptually driven practices and transdisciplinary work. The academy has about 50 students. The school is located in the street of Mejlgade in the Latin Quarter of Aarhus.
Funen, with an area of 3,099.7 square kilometres (1,196.8 sq mi), is the third-largest island of Denmark, after Zealand and Vendsyssel-Thy. It is the 165th-largest island in the world. It is located in the central part of the country and has a population of 469,947 as of 2020. Funen's main city is Odense, which is connected to the sea by a seldom-used canal. The city's shipyard, Odense Steel Shipyard, has been relocated outside Odense proper.
The 1927–28 Danmarksmesterskabsturneringen i Fodbold was the 1st edition of the new year-long league structure for the Danish national football championship play-offs, a Danish FA-organised club football tournament between the highest ranking clubs from each of the six regional football associations. The national tournament at the top of the Danish football league system consisted of two stages, a preliminary round contested by 20 teams split into 5 groups determined by draw and distributed evenly among all regional associations, where the five winners of each group would qualify for the final championship round held at the end of the season. The clubs participating in the nationwide competition were also simultaneously contesting in their local regional league championships.
The Copenhagen–Fredericia/Taulov Line is the Danish railway line between the capital, Copenhagen, and the Jutland peninsula by way of the islands of Zealand and Funen. It is administered by Banedanmark and has a length of about 220 kilometres (140 mi). Being one of the main arteries of the Danish railway network, it has double track and is fully electrified.
Sydbank A/S is one of Denmark's largest full service banks headquartered in Aabenraa. Sydbank was founded in 1970 with the merger of four local banks based in Southern Jutland: Den Nordslesvigske Folkebank (Aabenraa); Graasten Bank (Gråsten); Folkebanken for Als og Sundeved (Sønderborg) and Tønder Landmandsbank (Tønder). It has since then grown considerably through mergers and acquisitions, one of the latest being DiskontoBanken of Næstved, which was delisted on the Copenhagen stock exchange as of 15 January 2014. It has 57 branches including three in Germany.
Thomas Arboe was a Danish architect.
Wermund Bendtsen was a Danish professional photographer, filmmaker and photojournalist active in Odense from the 1940s to the 1980s.
Ottine Caroline Emilie Andersen (1895–1970) was a Danish historian and archivist. An intricate researcher, her first published work Grams Historie (1926) was a detailed history of the Gram Estate at Gram in the south of Jutland which she undertook for its owner Adolph Brockenhuus Schack. After working for the Provincial Archives of Southern Jutland and then those of Zealand, in 1958 she was engaged by the National Archives where she developed a legendary competence in documenting historical records, in particular the archives of Christian II, integrating sources from Stockholm and Oslo. The corresponding registry titled München-Samlingen was published in 1969 as Volume 15 of Vejledende Arkivregistraturer.
The Western Regional Command was the overall command of all Royal Danish Army units in Jutland and on Funen. It was split into four military regions, and was responsible for the regional defence. In 1990, the Regional Commands were disbanded and control was collected at the newly created Army Operational Command.
Constituencies are used for elections to the Folketing, the national parliament of Denmark. Denmark proper is divided into 10 constituencies largely corresponding to the Provinces of Denmark, each electing multiple members using open-list proportional representation. Those constituencies are then divided into 92 opstillingskredse which mainly serve the purpose of nominating candidates, but historically functioned as single-member constituencies electing one member using plurality voting.
The 2023–24 Danish Cup, also known as Oddset Pokalen, was the 70th season of the Danish Cup competition.
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