Darfur Joint Protection Force

Last updated
Darfur Joint Protection Force
Leader Minni Minnawi
Foundation27 April 2023
Dates of operation27 April 2023 (2023-04-27)–present
Country Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan
Active regions Darfur
AlliesNone
OpponentsEmblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png Rapid Support Forces
Battles and wars War in Sudan (2023–present)

The Darfur Joint Protection Force, or more simply the Joint Darfur Force/Joint Force, is a formerly neutral peacekeeping force that was set up during the Battle of El Fasher to protect civilians during the War in Sudan (2023). [1] [2] It was formed on 27 April 2023 by four former rebel groups and signatures of the Juba peace agreement. The participating groups are SLM-Minawi, the Justice and Equality Movement, the Sudanese Alliance, and the Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces. [3] It is currently led by Darfur Region Governor Minni Minawi. [1]

Contents

The Joint Force has been criticised for its incompetence in ensuring the safety of civilians across Darfur. According to Major Ahmed Hussein Mustafa, the head of the media committee for the joint force, the force's limited capabilities and logistical support have prevented it from deploying forces across Darfur. [4] The force has also been accused of not showing up on time after residents had been killed [5] or not even showing up at all. [4]

As of 29 August, the Joint Force controls the roads linking North and West Kordofan with Darfur. [6]

History

On 8 May 2023, Minni Minawi ordered the joint force to withdraw from northern Omdurman and relocate to North Darfur after failing to mediate a peace between the army and the Rapid Support Force (RSF). [7] [8]

On 23 May 2023, the RSF ambushed a convoy of the Joint Force in West Darfur, killing four. [9]

On 28 May 2023, Minawi called on people in Darfur to take up arms for self-defence. [10]

On 27 August, military reinforcements belonging to the Joint Force arrived in Nyala to deliver aid to civilians amid clashes between the army and the RSF. [6] The Sudanese Communist Party decried the arrival of the Joint Force, claiming they only showed up after the carnage happened. [5] At the same time Minawi left El Fasher to meet with federal government officials, humanitarian organisations, and political forces in Port Sudan “to discuss with officials and donors the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the region and in Sudan, how humanitarian aid can reach the displaced, and ways to get out of this crisis." [6]

In later September rumours circulated that the RSF would attack a joint force convoy of lorries carrying humanitarian aid to El Fasher from Port Sudan. Allegedly, the convoy contained not only humanitarian aid but also military equipment for the Sixth Infantry Division in El Fasher. The RSF had moved some of its force to the city's entrance, so it was feared that they would attack the convoy. [11]

Split

On 16 November, SLM-Minawi and the Justice and Equality Movement jointly announced that they abandoned their neutrality and entered active involvement in military operations alongside the Sudanese army against the RSF. According to them they only took a position of neutrality at the beginning of the war in order to mediate between the parties, but now they believe the RSF is only seeking to "fragment and divide the country in partnership with foreign militias and mercenaries." [12] [13]

The next day, the Sudan Liberation Movement-Transitional Council, the Gathering of Sudan Liberation Forces, and the Sudanese Alliance jointly reaffirmed their commitment to neutrality, stating that they were “taken aback” by the press conference held in the name of the Darfur groups. The groups also stated that they would continue to work together to protect civilians and ensure the fulfilment of the essential needs of the people of Darfur. [14]

This decision marked the end of a unified position among the peace signatories regarding the conflict between the army and the RSF, which was the cornerstone on which the joint force to protect civilians in Darfur was built. [14]

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Darfur is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was renamed Dartunjur when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for several hundred years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. As an administrative region, Darfur is divided into five federal states: Central Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur. Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudan Liberation Movement/Army</span> Darfuri rebel group

The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army is a Sudanese rebel group active in Darfur, Sudan. It was founded as the Darfur Liberation Front by members of three indigenous ethnic groups in Darfur: the Fur, the Zaghawa, and the Masalit, among whom were the leaders Abdul Wahid al-Nur of the Fur and Minni Minnawi of the Zaghawa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minni Minnawi</span> Sudanese politician (born 1968)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile</span> 2011–2020 insurgency in southern Sudan

The Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile was an armed conflict in the Sudanese states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (SPLM-N), a northern affiliate of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) in South Sudan. After some years of relative calm following the 2005 agreement which ended the second Sudanese civil war between the Sudanese government and SPLM rebels, fighting broke out again in the lead-up to South Sudan independence on 9 July 2011, starting in South Kordofan on 5 June and spreading to the neighboring Blue Nile state in September. SPLM-N, splitting from newly independent SPLM, took up arms against the inclusion of the two southern states in Sudan with no popular consultation and against the lack of democratic elections. The conflict is intertwined with the War in Darfur, since in November 2011 SPLM-N established a loose alliance with Darfuri rebels, called Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF).

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The Sudan Revolutionary Front, or the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF), is an alliance between Sudanese factions that was created in opposition to the government of President Omar al-Bashir. It was declared on 12 November 2011, following several months of support by Darfuri rebel groups for the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North in the conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile.

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The Battle of Geneina, also known as the Geneina massacre, was a battle for control of Geneina, the capital of West Darfur in Sudan, between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). By 25 April 2023, fighting intensified and devolved along tribal lines, with Masalit and non-Arab peoples supporting the SAF and the aligned Joint Darfur Force—consisting of former rebel groups including the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Justice and Equality Movement—against the RSF and allied Arab militias.

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References

  1. 1 2 Lisa (2023-09-29). "Reports about RSF expanding combat scope in Darfur". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  2. ↑ Camille (2023-05-23). "Heavy gunfire in North Darfur capital". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  3. ↑ SudanTribune (2023-09-10). "Minnawi warns against plans to attack Darfur joint force". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  4. 1 2 SudanTribune (2023-08-20). "Challenges mount for Darfur Joint Force after failure to protect civilians". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  5. 1 2 Lisa (2023-08-30). "Sudan war: Outcry over South Darfur Nyala 'massacre'". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  6. 1 2 3 Sarah (2023-08-29). "Rebel forces arrive in South Darfur to protect people trapped in Nyala". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  7. ↑ Kazemi, Elham; Serwat, Ladd (2023-04-28). "Fact Sheet: Conflict Surges in Sudan". ACLED. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  8. ↑ SudanTribune (2023-05-09). "Minnawi withdraws troops from Khartoum to North Darfur". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  9. ↑ SudanTribune (2023-05-24). "Rapid Support Forces ambush peace groups in West Darfur". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  10. ↑ Nashed, Mat. "Sudan war: What does Minnawi's call to arms mean for Darfur?". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  11. ↑ "Sudan: Reports About RSF Expanding Combat Scope in Darfur". Dabanga. 2023-09-29. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
  12. ↑ SudanTribune (2023-11-16). "Key Darfur groups join Sudanese army in its war against RSF paramilitary forces". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  13. ↑ Bergman, Andrew (2023-11-17). "Darfur armed movements renounce neutrality in Sudan war". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  14. 1 2 SudanTribune (2023-11-18). "Three Darfur groups uphold neutrality in Sudan conflict". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
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