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Sindh is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to the north. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert in the eastern portion of the province along the international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the province.
Bahawalpur is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 13th largest city of Pakistan and 8th most populous city of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.
Bahawalpur was a princely state in subsidiary alliance with British Raj and later Dominion of Pakistan, that was a part of the Punjab States Agency. The state covered an area of 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) and had a population of 1,341,209 in 1941. The capital of the state was the town of Bahawalpur.
Khawaja Ghulam Farid was a 19th-century Sufi poet and mystic from Bahawalpur, Punjab, British India, belonging to the Chishti Order. Most of his work is in his mother tongue Multani, or what is now known as Saraiki. However, he also contributed to the Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Hindi and Persian literature. His writing style is characterized by the integration of themes such as death, passionate worldly and spiritual love, and the grief associated with love.
The Gakhar is a historical Punjabi Muslim tribe with origins in the northern Punjab, Pakistan.
Soomro, Soomra,Sumrah or Sumra is a tribe having a local origin in Sindh. They are found in Sindh, parts of Punjab especially bordering Sindh, Balochistan province, and the Kutch district of the Indian state of Gujarat and also Rajasthan. The Soomras ruled throughout the Sindh and Multan regions.
The Kalhora or Kalhora Abbasi is a Sindhi Sammat clan in Sindh, Pakistan.
Kachh Gandava or Kachhi is a low-lying flat region in Balochistan, Pakistan separating the Bugti hills from those of Kalat. It remained an administrative district of Sindh under the Soomras, Sammas, Arghuns and Turkhans, Mughals and Kalhoras. The Nadir Shah of Persia transferred the district to Kalat Khanate after displacing the Kalhoras. Kachhi was notified as a district in February 1965. At that time Naseerabad, Jhal Magsi, Jafarabad, Usta Muhammad and Sohbatpur districts were included, these were separated in 1987.
Umerkot is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The Mughal emperor Akbar was born in Umerkot in 1542. The Hindu folk deities Pabuji and Ramdev married in Umerkot.
Debal was a commercial town and an ancient port in Sindh, now a province of Pakistan.
The Talpur Dynasty was a Baloch dynasty that ruled the Sind State after overthrowing the Kalhora dynasty in 1783 until British conquest of Sindh in 1843. A branch of the family continued to rule Khairpur, under British suzerainty and later as a Pakistani princely state, until 1955 when it was amalgamated into West Pakistan.
Jat Muslim or Musalman Jat, also spelled Jatt or Jutt, are an elastic and diverse ethno-social subgroup of the Jat people, who are composed of followers of Islam and are native to the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. They are found primarily throughout the Sindh and Punjab regions of Pakistan. Jats began converting to Islam from the early Medieval era onward and constitute a distinct subgroup within the diverse community of Jat people.
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was the subahdar of parts of Sindh, which he governed between 1701 and 1719. He was the first governor of the Kalhora dynasty and ruled for 18 years. In the initial nine years of his reign, Yar Muhammad expanded the territory under his dominion. The latter part of his rule was dedicated to solidifying his authority. He was given the title of Nawab by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Sufism in Sindh covers the tradition of Sufism in Sindh, which is reputed to be an area of mystics. Sindh is famous for the enormous number of saints and mystics who lived there and preached peace and brotherhood. According to popular legend, 125,000 of them are buried on Makli Hill near Thatta. There is an abundance of Sufi literature produced in Sindh throughout history.
Kulachi or Kolachi is a Baloch and Brahui tribe of Dodai Rajput origins that got its name from the Kolach or Kolanch area of Makran. The city of Karachi in Sindh may have derived its name from this tribe.
Dodai is a Rajput tribe of probably Sindhi origin, which assimilated into the Baloch tribesmen and became a part of the Baloch confederation. In Balochistan, Dodais are also included in Brahuis. Tribesmen of Dodai went on to found the towns of Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Fateh Khan. The Dodai rule lasted till the middle of the 18th century.
The Brahmin dynasty, also known as the Chacha dynasty or Silaij dynasty, was a Hindu dynasty that ruled the Sindh region, succeeding the Rai dynasty. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.
Husseyn Langah or Husayn Shah Langah I was the second Sultan of Langah Sultanate, who reigned from 1469 until 1498. He founded colleges of education in communities like Tulamba and encouraged members of the Baloch tribes to settle in the sultanate. After successfully capturing Chiniot, Kahror Pakka and Shorkot, he repulsed an attack by the Delhi Sultanate. He abdicated in favour of his son, who reigned as Mahmud Shah.
The Thatta Sarkar (1593–1629), Thatta Subah (1629–1737) or Sind State (1737–1843), also referred to as Scinde or Sindh, was a Mughal Sarkar later a Subah, then a proto-state, and lastly a princely state in the Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent until its annexation by the East India Company in 1843. The name Sind, now obsolete, was once the anglicized name of the state, which was also adopted by the British to refer to its division.
The First Battle of Shikarpur took place between Kalhora Dynasty and Durrani Empire for succession of Mian Izatyar Kalhoro to the throne of Sindh.
References
- ↑ Madhav, Karki; Rosemary, Hill; Xue, Dayuan; Wilfredo, Alangui; Kaoru, Ichikawa; Peter, Bridgewater (2017-12-31). Knowing our lands and resources: indigenous and local knowledge and practices related to biodiversity and ecosystem services in Asia. UNESCO Publishing. p. 178. ISBN 978-92-3-100266-3.
- ↑ "Cultural Expressions of South Punjab". FID4SA Repository. doi:10.11588/xarep.00003438.
- ↑ Gilmartin, David (5 June 2015). "THE SETTING: THE INDUS BASIN". Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History. Berkeley: University of California Press: 22. doi:10.1525/9780520960831-004.
The founders of the new Bahawalpur state in the eighteenth century were part of a warrior clan from Shikarpur in Sind..
- ↑ "History of Bahawalpur State and its Culture" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS).
- ↑ Haig, T.W; Ansari, Sarah; Bosworth, C.E; Shackle, C; Crowe, Yolande. "Sind". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_1083.
- ↑ Bazmee Ansari, A.S (2012). "Dāwūdpōtrās". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_1762.
- ↑ Naeem, Anila (5 April 2017). "Shikarpoor Historic Town. Introduction, Background and Development". Urban Traditions and Historic Environments in Sindh. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 28–29. doi:10.1515/9789048531257-005. ISBN 9789048531257.
- ↑ Khlaid, Samia (1 June 2017). "WOMEN OF BAHAWALPUR STATE DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY". Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan. 24 (1): 2.
- ↑ Khan, A.Z (2012). "S̲h̲ikārpūr". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_6940.
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