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Sindh is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to the north. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert of Sindh in the eastern portion of the province along the international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the province.
Bahawalpur is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is one of the ten largest cities of Pakistan and 6th most populous city of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.
Bahawalpur was a princely state in subsidiary alliance with British Raj and later Dominion of Pakistan, that was a part of the Punjab States Agency. The state covered an area of 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) and had a population of 1,341,209 in 1941. The capital of the state was the town of Bahawalpur.
Khawaja Ghulam Farid was a 19th-century Sufi poet and mystic from Bahawalpur, Punjab, belonging to the Chishti Order. Most of his work is in his mother tongue Multani, or what is now known as Saraiki. However, he also contributed to the Standard Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Hindi and Persian literature. His writing style is characterized by the integration of themes such as death, passionate worldly and spiritual love, and the grief associated with love.
Bahawalpur District is a district of Punjab, Pakistan, with capital the city of Bahawalpur. According to the 1998 Census it had a population of 2,433,091, of which 27.01% were urban. Bahawalpur district covers 24,830 km2. Approximately two-thirds of the district (16,000 km2) is covered by the Cholistan Desert, which extends into the Thar Desert of India. The district is a major producer of cotton.
The Gakhar is a historical Punjabi Muslim tribe with origins in the northern Punjab, Pakistan. The Gakhars now predominantly follow Islam after conversion from Hinduism during the Islamic rule in Punjab.
Chach Nama, also known as the Fateh nama Sindh, and as Tareekh al-Hind wa a's-Sind, is one of the historical sources for the history of Sindh.
Soomro, Soomra,Sumrah or Sumra is a tribe having a local origin in Sindh. They are found in Sindh, parts of Punjab especially bordering Sindh, Balochistan province, and the Kutch district of the Indian state of Gujarat and also Rajasthan. The Soomras ruled throughout the Sindh and Multan regions.
The Kalhora is a Sindhi Sammat clan in Sindh, Pakistan.
Kachh Gandava or Kachhi is a low-lying flat region in Balochistan, Pakistan separating the Bugti hills from those of Kalat. It remained an administrative district of Sindh under the Soomras, Sammas, Arghuns and Turkhans, Mughals and Kalhoras. The Nadir Shah of Persia transferred the district to Kalat Khanate after displacing the Kalhoras. Kachhi was notified as a district in February 1965. At that time Naseerabad, Jhal Magsi, Jafarabad, Usta Muhammad and Sohbatpur districts were included, these were separated in 1987.
Debal was a commercial town and an ancient port in Sindh, now a province of Pakistan.
The history of Sindh refers to the history of the modern-day Pakistani province of Sindh, as well as neighboring regions that periodically came under its sway.
The Talpur dynasty were rulers based in Sindh, a region of present-day Pakistan. Four branches of the dynasty were established following the defeat of the Kalhora dynasty at the Battle of Halani in 1783: one ruled lower Sindh from the city of Hyderabad, another ruled over upper Sindh from the city of Khairpur, a third ruled around the eastern city of Mirpur Khas, and a fourth was based in Tando Muhammad Khan.
Umar Bin Mohammad Daudpota was a Sindhi researcher, historian, linguist and scholar of the Indus Valley.
Jat Muslim or Musalman Jat, also spelled Jatt or Jutt, are an elastic and diverse ethno-social subgroup of the Jat people, who are composed of followers of Islam and are native to the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. They are found primarily throughout the Sindh and Punjab regions of Pakistan. Jats began converting to Islam from the early Middle Ages onward and constitute a distinct subgroup within the diverse community of Jat people.
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was the subahdar of parts of Sindh, which he governed between 1701 and 1719. He was the first governor of the Kalhora dynasty and ruled for 18 years. In the initial nine years of his reign, Yar Muhammad expanded the territory under his dominion. The latter part of his rule was dedicated to solidifying his authority. He was given the title of Nawab by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Kulachi or Kolachi is a Baloch tribe of Dodai Rajput origins that got its name from the Kolach or Kolanch area of Makran. The city of Karachi in Sindh may have derived its name from this tribe.
Dodai is a Rajput tribe of probably Sindhi origin, which assimilated into the Baloch tribesmen and became a part of the Baloch confederation. Tribesmen of Dodai went on to found the towns of Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Fateh Khan. The Dodai rule lasted till the middle of the 18th century.
Bhatti is a Punjabi and a Sindhi caste of Rajputs and Jats. The name Bhatti is a Punjabi form of Bhati, and they along with Bhuttos and Bhatias claim to have originated from the Hindu Bhati Rajputs. The Bhati Rajputs, and by extension the Bhatti caste, are descended from a common ancestor, Rao Bhatti, a 3rd-century Hindu monarch.
The Sindhi Jats are the Sindhi community, who are the indigenous population of Sindh.
References
- ↑ Madhav, Karki; Rosemary, Hill; Xue, Dayuan; Wilfredo, Alangui; Kaoru, Ichikawa; Peter, Bridgewater (2017-12-31). Knowing our lands and resources: indigenous and local knowledge and practices related to biodiversity and ecosystem services in Asia. UNESCO Publishing. p. 178. ISBN 978-92-3-100266-3.
- ↑ "Cultural Expressions of South Punjab". FID4SA Repository. doi:10.11588/xarep.00003438.
- ↑ Gilmartin, David (5 June 2015). "THE SETTING: THE INDUS BASIN". Blood and Water: The Indus River Basin in Modern History. Berkeley: University of California Press: 22. doi:10.1525/9780520960831-004.
The founders of the new Bahawalpur state in the eighteenth century were part of a warrior clan from Shikarpur in Sind..
- ↑ "History of Bahawalpur State and its Culture" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS).
- ↑ Haig, T.W; Ansari, Sarah; Bosworth, C.E; Shackle, C; Crowe, Yolande. "Sind". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_1083.
- ↑ Bazmee Ansari, A.S (2012). "Dāwūdpōtrās". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_1762.
- ↑ Naeem, Anila (5 April 2017). "Shikarpoor Historic Town. Introduction, Background and Development". Urban Traditions and Historic Environments in Sindh. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 28–29. doi:10.1515/9789048531257-005. ISBN 9789048531257.
- ↑ Khlaid, Samia (1 June 2017). "WOMEN OF BAHAWALPUR STATE DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY". Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan. 24 (1): 2.
- ↑ Khan, A.Z (2012). "S̲h̲ikārpūr". Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_6940.
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