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Pre-Independence Domestic policy Foreign policy Media and legacy | ||
De-Sukarnoization, also spelled de-Soekarnoization, [1] was a purging policy that existed in Indonesia from the transition to the New Order in 1966 up to the beginning of the Reformation era in 1998, in which President Suharto intended to defame his predecessor Sukarno as well as lessen his presence and downplay his role in Indonesian history.
In 1965, Sukarno still enjoyed the Indonesian people's sympathy, but for Suharto to take that place, he had to downplay Sukarno's importance to the Indonesians. [2] The de-Sukarnoization process started in 1967 [1] after the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) stripped Sukarno of his presidential powers and put him under house arrest. While in custody, Sukarno was denied access to health care, which led to his death in 1970. Suharto denied Sukarno's request to be buried in Istana Batu Tulis in Bogor; instead, Sukarno was buried in Blitar, a city that former governor said as his birthplace. Suharto is said to have feared that if his predecessor's grave had been located in Bogor it could become a focal point for fomenting opposition to his New Order. [3]
The New Order renamed many places that had been named after Sukarno: Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex was renamed the "Senayan Sports Complex", the Bung Karno Bridge (Jembatan Bung Karno) was renamed Ampera Bridge; the city "Sukarnapura" (Sukarno City) was renamed "Jayapura" and "Puncak Sukarno" (Sukarno Peak) was renamed "Puncak Jaya". [2] The only monument that was renamed back to the original name after the fall of Suharto was the Senayan Sports Complex, whereas the latter places retained the names given during the New Order.
Other efforts to reduce Sukarno's influence included denying his major contribution in creating the Indonesian national ideology, Pancasila . Military historian Nugroho Notosusanto instead posed that Mohammad Yamin came up first with the principles of Pancasila, while Sukarno was merely the first to use the term. This interpretation was supported by the New Order government and became the official historical interpretation taught at schools. [1]
Sukarno was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Suharto was an Indonesian military officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia as an authoritarian regime from the fall of his predecessor Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998 following nationwide unrest. His 32-year dictatorship is considered one of the most brutal and corrupt of the 20th century.
Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium, formerly Senayan Main Stadium and Gelora Senayan Main Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located at the center of the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. It is mostly used for football matches. The stadium is named after Sukarno, the then-president of Indonesia, who sparked the idea of building the sports complex.
Gelora Bung Karno Sports Palace, formerly named Istora Senayan is an indoor sporting arena located in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia. The capacity of the arena after 2018 reopening is 7,166. This arena is usually used for badminton tournaments. Its maiden event was the 1961 Thomas Cup.
The New Order describes the regime of the second Indonesian President Suharto from his rise to power in 1966 until his resignation in 1998. Suharto coined the term upon his accession and used it to contrast his presidency with that of his predecessor Sukarno.
The 1997 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 19th Southeast Asian Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Jakarta, Indonesia. This was the third time that Indonesia hosted the games. Jakarta also hosted the SEA Games in 1979 and 1987.
Jakarta Convention Center or JCC is a convention center located in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of earliest as well as popular convention center in Jakarta. Since its inauguration in 1974, many important national and international conference, exhibition, fair, indoor sports and musical concerts were held at JCC, including the 10th Non-Aligned Movement Conference in 1992, the Asian-African Conference in 2005 and 2015, and the ASEAN Summit in 2023. It is a very venue place throughout the year.
The Order of Eleventh March, commonly referred to by its syllabic abbreviation Supersemar, was a document signed by the Indonesian President Sukarno on 11 March 1966, giving army commander Lt. Gen. Suharto authority to take whatever measures he "deemed necessary" to restore order to the chaotic situation during the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66. The abbreviation "Supersemar" is also a play on the name of Semar, the mystic and powerful figure who commonly appears in Javanese mythology including wayang puppet shows. The invocation of Semar was presumably intended to help draw on Javanese mythology to lend support to Suharto's legitimacy during the period of the transition of authority from Sukarno to Suharto.
General Andi Mohammad Jusuf Amir, more commonly known as M. Jusuf, was an Indonesian military general and a witness to the signing of the Supersemar document transferring power from President Sukarno to General Suharto.
Senayan is an administrative village at Kebayoran Baru subdistrict, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The post code is 12190.
Ampera Bridge, formerly Bung Karno Bridge between its opening and the 1966 De-Sukarnoization campaign, is a vertical-lift bridge in the city of Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. It connects Seberang Ulu and Seberang Ilir, two regions of Palembang. It can no longer be opened to allow ships to pass.
Bung Karno Sports Arena, formerly named Senayan Sports Arena from 1969 to 2001 and Asian Games Complex on its early days, is a sports complex located in Gelora, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. It is usually misperceived to be located at Senayan, South Jakarta, hence its former name. The sports complex hosts a main stadium, secondary stadium, the Sports Palace, football fields, aquatic stadium, tennis stadiums, hockey, baseball and archery fields, and several indoor gymnasiums. The complex was built in 1960 for the 1962 Asian Games and recently underwent a major reconstruction for the 2018 Asian Games and Asian Para Games.
Marhaenism is a socialistic political ideology originated and developed by the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno. It was developed from the ideas of Marxism applied according to the nature and culture of Indonesia, or simply described as "Marxism adapted to Indonesian conditions".
Semanggi Interchange or commonly known as Semanggi Bridge is a major road interchange in Jakarta, Indonesia which consists of a cloverleaf interchange —the first, and until the 1990s the only, of its kind in Indonesia—and a partial turbine interchange. Two main roads of the city Gatot Subroto Road and Sudirman Road intersect at this interchange. Initially completed in 1962 as part of several projects intended to be completed before the 1962 Asian Games, the interchange is a landmark and an important part of the Golden Triangle of Jakarta.
Taman Proklamasi is a park complex located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The park is located at the former property of Sukarno at what was known as the house at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur 56. The house, now demolished, is where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was first read by Sukarno.
Diah Mutiara Sukmawati Sukarnoputri is the third daughter of Indonesia’s founding president Sukarno and his wife Fatmawati. Sukmawati is the younger sister of former Indonesian president Megawati Sukarnoputri and politician Rachmawati Sukarnoputri.
Istora MRT Station is a rapid transit station on the North-South Line of the Jakarta MRT in Jakarta, Indonesia. Located on Jl. Jendral Sudirman, it is located between the Bendungan Hilir and Senayan stations, and has the station code IST.
The Grave of Sukarno is the grave of Sukarno, Indonesia's first president, in Blitar, East Java. Initially an ordinary grave where he was buried shortly after his death, a mausoleum was constructed in the late 1970s and the site evolved into a political and religious pilgrimage site, receiving hundreds of thousands of visitors annually.
Friedrich Silaban was an Indonesian architect. His most well-known designs, such as the Istiqlal Mosque and the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta, were commissioned during the presidency of Sukarno. Silaban preferred architectural modernism over traditional Indonesian styles.
Gelora Bung Karno is a TransJakarta bus rapid transit station located in Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station, which is located in corridor 1, which runs from north to south, takes its name from the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, which is located north of the station.
