Deborah Lyons | |
---|---|
Special Representative for Afghanistan | |
In office 24 March 2020 –16 June 2022 | |
Secretary-General | António Guterres |
Preceded by | Tadamichi Yamamoto |
Succeeded by | Roza Otunbayeva |
Canadian Ambassador to Israel | |
In office 19 July 2016 –2020 | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Prime Minister | Justin Trudeau |
Preceded by | Vivian Bercovici |
Succeeded by | Lisa Stadelbauer |
Canadian Ambassador to Afghanistan | |
In office 10 July 2013 –August 2016 | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Prime Minister | Stephen Harper Justin Trudeau |
Preceded by | Glenn V. Davidson |
Succeeded by | Kenneth Neufeld |
Personal details | |
Born | Miramichi,New Brunswick,Canada |
Education | BA University of New Brunswick,1971 |
Deborah Lyons is a Canadian diplomat. She served as Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for Afghanistan and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) during 2020 to 2022. Prior to her United Nations posting,she was Canada's ambassador to Israel (2016–2020) and to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2013–2016). In October 2023,she was appointed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to replace Irwin Cotler as Canada's Special Envoy on Holocaust Remembrance and Combating Antisemitism.
Lyons grew up in the Chatham neighborhood of Miramichi,New Brunswick,Canada as one of nine siblings. [1] [2] She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of New Brunswick in 1971,graduating as the first female valedictorian in the university's history,and earned certification from the International Studies Program at the Canadian National Defence College in 1993. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Lyons owned and managed a hunting and fishing lodge on the Miramichi River and an energy and environment consulting firm prior to becoming involved in government. [6] [7]
Despite her roles as Canada's Special Envoy on Holocaust Remembrance and Combating Antisemitism and Canadian Ambassador to Israel,Lyons is not Jewish. Lyons has stated that “at first,as a non-Jew,I was concerned if I was the right person. Then,it became very clear to me it’s not Jews who created antisemitism,which is enacted by non-Jews. How ridiculous to think it’s only Jews who should lead the fight against antisemitism. It’s the non-Jews who have to stand up for this battle.” [8]
Lyons was appointed Canada's ambassador to Afghanistan by Prime Minister Stephen Harper on 10 July 2013. She was the only female ambassador in Kabul during her first two years in role,until being joined by ambassador of the United Kingdom to Afghanistan,Dame Karen Pierce,in 2015. [9] During Lyons' tenure,the Canadian Embassy in Kabul moved to the forefront of women's issues in Afghanistan. In regards to her role as the highest ranking female diplomat in Kabul and the impact of her position,Lyons said in 2015,"One thing I know it has done is it has helped the Afghan women’s groups —it has helped validate them,and it has helped them believe that they have got a strong champion for their issues and for their work." [7]
On 19 July 2016,she was appointed ambassador to Israel by Stéphane Dion,Foreign Affairs Minister of the Trudeau Cabinet. She replaced Vivian Bercovici,a controversial appointee. [10] Lyons' appointment was welcomed by the Canadian diplomatic corps and Ferry de Kerckhove,a former Canadian envoy to Indonesia and Egypt,noted that the selection of an experienced and intelligent diplomat "underscores the importance that Canada attaches to Israel." [11]
She helped unveil a monument for guards at her embassy who were killed during the Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards.[ citation needed ]
Deborah Esther Lipstadt is an American historian and diplomat,best known as author of the books Denying the Holocaust (1993),History on Trial:My Day in Court with a Holocaust Denier (2005),The Eichmann Trial (2011),and Antisemitism:Here and Now (2019). She has served as the United States Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism since May 3,2022. Since 1993 she has been the Dorot Professor of Modern Jewish History and Holocaust Studies at Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,US.
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan is a UN Special Political Mission tasked with assisting the people of Afghanistan.
Operation Accius is the Canadian military's contribution to the civilian-led United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA). On November 28,2002,the Minister of National Defence John McCallum announced that a senior Canadian Forces officer by the name of Lieutenant Colonel David Ross would be deployed to Afghanistan to serve as the military advisor to UNAMA.
Relations between Afghanistan and the United States began in 1921 under the leaderships of King Amanullah Khan and President Warren G. Harding,respectively. The first contact between the two nations occurred further back in the 1830s when the first recorded person from the United States explored Afghanistan. The United States government foreign aid program provided about $500 million in aid for economic development;the aid ended before the 1978 Saur Revolution. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 was a turning point in the Cold War,when the United States started to financially support the Afghan resistance. The country,under both the Carter and Reagan administrations committed $3 billion dollars in financial and diplomatic support and along with Pakistan also rendering critical support to the anti-Soviet Mujahideen forces. Beginning in 1980,the United States began admitting thousands of Afghan refugees for resettlement,and provided money and weapons to the Mujahideen through Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). The USSR withdrew its troops in 1989.
Houda Ezra Ebrahim Nonoo served as the Bahraini Ambassador to the United States from 2008 to 2013. She was appointed to the position by decree of Foreign Affairs Minister Khaled Ben Ahmad Al-Khalifa. Nonoo is the first Jew,and third woman,to be appointed ambassador of Bahrain. She is also the first Jewish ambassador of any Middle Eastern Arab country,and the first female Bahraini ambassador to the United States.
Canada–Israel relations refer to the bilateral diplomatic,commercial,and cultural ties between Canada and the State of Israel. Canada recognised Israel on 11 May 1949,three days before the first anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence,and currently maintains an embassy in Tel Aviv;Israel maintains an embassy in Ottawa and regional consulates in Montreal and Toronto.
Afghanistan and Canada established diplomatic relations in 1968. In 2003,Canada opened its embassy in Kabul and appointed its first resident ambassador. Afghanistan appointed its first resident ambassador to Canada in 2002. In August 2021,Canada closed its embassy in Kabul with the return of the Taliban to power in Afghanistan.
Relations between Israel and the Czech Republic,and its predecessor state Czechoslovakia,have varied widely over time.
Israel–Poland relations comprise diplomatic relations between Israel and Poland. Israel has an embassy in Warsaw,while Poland has an embassy in Tel Aviv. The Polish ambassador to Israel is Marek Magierowski,while the newly appointed Israeli ambassador to Poland is Yacov Livne,and the charge d'affaires is Tal Ben-Ari Yaalon. Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,the Union for the Mediterranean and United Nations.
The Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism is an office of the Under Secretary for Civilian Security,Democracy,and Human Rights at the United States Department of State. The office "advances U.S. foreign policy on antisemitism" by developing and implementing policies and projects to support efforts to combat antisemitism.
Deborah Kay Jones is an American diplomat and the former United States ambassador to Libya. Prior to her appointment in Libya,she was the United States ambassador to Kuwait from 2008 to 2011.
On June 20,2016,at around 0600 AFT,a suicide bombing attack claimed to be conducted by the Taliban or the Islamic State in Khorasan Province (IS-KP) hit a convoy of Canadian embassy security guards en route to the embassy in Kabul. The attack took place in the ninth police district in the Benayi area,Kabul,Afghanistan. Thirteen Nepalese and two Indian contractors were killed in the attack.
Tadamichi Yamamoto is a diplomat,who served as UN Secretary-General's Special Representative for Afghanistan and head of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) until replaced by Deborah Lyons in March 2020.
Khojesta Fana Ebrahimkhel is the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Afghanistan to the Republic of Austria and as Permanent/Resident Representative to the United Nations Vienna-based organizations including CTBTO,IACA,IAEA,ICMPD,INCB,OSCE,UNIDO,UNOV/UNODC,effective 2017.
The Taliban has ruled Afghanistan as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since taking control by force in 2021,overthrowing the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The takeover was widely criticized by the international community,and no countries have extended de jure diplomatic recognition to the new regime,despite nominally maintaining relations with Afghanistan. The Taliban has campaigned for international recognition since the takeover. Several countries have vowed never to recognize the Islamic Emirate,and others have said they will do so only if human rights in the country are respected. Some countries have accredited Taliban diplomats at the chargéd'affaires level despite not recognizing the Islamic Emirate. In September 2023,the People's Republic of China became the first country to formally name a new ambassador to the country since the takeover,and in January 2024 recognized the Taliban's envoy to China;however,the PRC still does not formally recognize the Taliban as the legitimate government of Afghanistan.