Roza Otunbayeva

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Otunbayeva was one of the key leaders of the Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan which led to the overthrow of President Akayev. [12] Subsequently, she served for a few months as Acting Foreign Minister in the interim government of then prime minister (and acting president) Kurmanbek Bakiyev. After Bakiyev was elected President and Feliks Kulov became Prime Minister, Otunbayeva failed to receive the required parliamentary support to become Foreign Minister. [11]

She then ran unsuccessfully in a parliamentary by-election a few months later. Otunbayeva played a key role in the November 2006 protests that pressed successfully for a new democratic constitution.[ citation needed ]

She was the co-chairwoman of the country's Asaba [13] (Flag) National Revival Party for a short time. In December 2007, Otunbayeva was elected to the Jogorku Kenesh – the Parliament of Kyrgyzstan – on the list of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan. She served as the Leader of the Opposition SDP from 2008 to 2010. In 2009 she became the Leader of People's Front opposition.[ citation needed ]

2010 uprising and presidency

On 7 April 2010, she was chosen by opposition leaders as head of the Interim Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, following widespread rioting in Bishkek and the ouster of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev. [14]

Otunbayeva meets Hillary Clinton (2011) Secretary Clinton Shakes Hands With Kyrgyzstani President Otunbayeva (5510459405).jpg
Otunbayeva meets Hillary Clinton (2011)
Otunbayeva with Vladimir Putin (2010) Otunbayeva with Putin.jpg
Otunbayeva with Vladimir Putin (2010)

Bakiyev fled the Jalal-Abad area as the riots became more violent. Unable to rally support, he resigned as president on 10 April 2010, and left the country for Kazakhstan. Nine days later he went to Minsk, Belarus, where he was given protected-exile status. On 21 April, he recanted his resignation and declared that he was still president of Kyrgyzstan. Otunbayeva vowed to bring him to trial. [15]

As interim president, Otunbayeva had four male deputies. Otunbayeva is considered to be unusual as there are few women in politics in Kyrgyzstan. Her first conversation after she came to power was with Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. She later stated in the interview:

"We share a single information space with Russia, the Russian language is everywhere. We don't want the Russians to leave. Our entire smart technology business is made up of Russian people. My daughter-in-law is Russian. She says: “Mom, I found my roots in Karakol, where my grandparents are from.” The people have nostalgia for one big country, because we have suffered over these 15-18 years." [4]

Otunbayeva declared that new elections would be called within six months and that she would act as president until then. [5]

With violent protests in support of ousted President Kurmanbek Bakiyev continuing in Jalalabad, the home city of the former president, it was announced on 19 May 2010, by the interim government that elections would be delayed until 2011 and Otunbayeva was named as president. Following a referendum on the new Kyrgyz constitution, she was sworn in on 3 July 2010. Otunbayeva however was prohibited by the new constitution from running in the 2011 presidential election[ why? ] and her term ended on 31 December 2011. [16] [17]

The referendum was supported by over 90% and changed the government from a Presidential republic to a Parliamentary republic. Parliamentary elections were held in October and the new parliament elected the Prime Minister and Cabinet. [18] [19]

Role in ethnic clashes of 2010

Victims of Kyrgyz-Uzbek ethnic clashes of 2010 Uzbeks 2010.jpg
Victims of Kyrgyz-Uzbek ethnic clashes of 2010

In June 2010, a bloody conflict broke out between ethnic Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in southern Kyrgyzstan, during which more than 400 people died and thousands of people lost their homes.

An international commission led by Kimmo Kiljunen condemned the government led by Roza Otunbaeva for inaction and failure to prevent bloodshed in southern Kyrgyzstan:

"The provisional government, which took power two months before the events, either did not recognize or underestimated the deterioration in inter-ethnic relations in southern Kyrgyzstan, the provisional government had a special responsibility for ensuring that security agencies were adequately trained and equipped to cope with the situation of civil disobedience. The arguments put forward by President Otunbayeva that the surge in violence was of such proportions that it was difficult for the interim government to contain it does not relieve the authorities of their primary responsibility to protect the population." [20]

The reaction of the authorities under the leadership of Roza Otunbaev was also harshly condemned by Amnesty International, that accused Provisional Government under her leadership in crimes against humanity, torture, unfair trials, involvement of power structures, rape and mass violence: [21]

"Investigators and prosecutors have still failed to investigate and bring to justice the huge number of crimes committed during and immediately after the June 2010 riots and in the 24 months since then, most notably murders and other violent crimes against ethnic Uzbeks. In addition, allegations of collusion and complicity of security forces in committing human rights violations during the June events also remained unaddressed. Dozens of reports of rape and other sexual violence were also not addressed." [22]

In May 2011, Roza Otunbaeva's government rejected the conclusion of the International Commission of Inquiry into the June 2010 riots (Kyrgyzstan Commission of Inquiry) that crimes against humanity had been committed against the Uzbek population of the city of Osh during the riots. [23] The OSCE also indicated that violence against Uzbek mahallas was carried out systematically and with the connivance or complicity of law enforcement agencies and the army under the control of Roza Otunbayeva. [24]

Reaction in Kyrgyzstan

Later, the ex-prosecutor general of Kyrgyzstan reported on criminal cases against human rights activists which began with the direct order of Roza Otunbaeva. [3] Several politicians called Otunbaeva "Black Rose" for her role in ethnic clashes. [4] The trial for the June 2010 events is still ongoing in Kyrgyzstan, and the name of Roza Otunbaeva is voiced repeatedly. [25] [1] Kyrgyz politicians, and especially the leader of the opposition Ata-Zhurt party in parliament, Jyldyzkan Joldosheva, reported that they warned the head of the Provisional Government about the impending ethnic conflict and about Otunbaeva’s complete disregard for them. [4] [25] [1] [26]

Victims of the June events in Kyrgyzstan Uzbeks in KG 2010.jpg
Victims of the June events in Kyrgyzstan

Case of Azimjan Askarov and repressions against NGO

Following the outbreak of ethnic violence in 2010, dozens of Uzbek community and religious leaders were arrested by the Kyrgyzstan government and accused of inciting ethnic violence, [27] among them Azimzhan Askarov, who had been filming killings and arson attacks during the riots. [28] Askarov then distributed the video to international media and accused the Kyrgyz military of complicity in the killings. [29]

Azimjan Askarov in prison cell during the trial stated that he was convicted with direct order of Otunbayeva Members of Azimzhan Askarov's family also spoke about Roza Otunbaeva's guilt in their appeals to the UN. Askarov Azimjan.jpg
Azimjan Askarov in prison cell during the trial stated that he was convicted with direct order of Otunbayeva Members of Azimzhan Askarov’s family also spoke about Roza Otunbaeva’s guilt in their appeals to the UN.

Azimjan Askarov openly stated in the court that he was convicted by direct order of Roza Otunbayeva. [2] Human rights activists reported that they personally spoke to Roza Otunbayeva about the torture of Askarov, but she completely ignored them. [31]

In 2017, Azimzhan Askarov was sentenced to life imprisonment by several Kyrgyz courts for the murder of policeman Maktybek Sulaimanov, who was burned alive, and participation in mass riots in 2010. The term of office of President Roza Otunbayeva expired on December 1, 2011.

Words of Askarov against Otunbayeva were also supported by international commission of International Federation of Human Rights FIDH [3] :

“The Observatory mission met with Kubatbek Baibolov, who held the position of Prosecutor General of Kyrgyzstan at the time of Askarov’s sentencing. According to him, the acting president at the time, Roza Otunbayeva, gave the court a direct instruction to sentence Askarov to life imprisonment" [32] [25] [33]

Kubatbek Baibolov, who served as Prosecutor General in 2010, confirmed that case against Askarov was politically motivated and directed by Otunbayeva. Members of Azimzhan Askarov’s family also spoke about Roza Otunbaeva’s guilt in their appeals to the UN. [30] On March 31, 2016, the UN Human Rights Committee recognized that the state, during the investigation and trial of the criminal case against Azimzhan Askarov, violated Article 7, separately and in conjunction with Article 1 and Article 14, paragraph 3 (b) and (e) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee noted the use of torture, cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment. [34]

Relationships with organized crime

Temirov Live journalists were able to discover photographs of the participation of closest sister of Roza Otunbaeva at a family event together with the largest criminal authority in Central Asia, Kamchybek Kolbaev, who was under US sanctions and recently killed in special operation of the Kyrgyz government. [35]

Repression of opposition leaders

Case of Urmat Baryktabasov

Arrested opposition politician Urmat Baryktabasov Urmat Baryktabasov.png
Arrested opposition politician Urmat Baryktabasov

Under Roza Otunbaeva, a mass arrest of supporters of Urmat Baryktabasov was carried out. Opposition leader Baryktabasov, leader of the Meken-Tuu (My Motherland) party, tried to reach Bishkek on August 5, 2010, together with his supporters. On the way to the capital, the column of oppositionists was dispersed by police who used special equipment. Baryktabasov and a number of his supporters were arrested. [36]

“Many of them have nothing to do with Baryktabasov or the organization of rallies,” the human rights activist explained. NGO leaders noted that among those detained were representatives of the youth wing of Zhasasyn of Kyrgyzstan! party. (“Live, Kyrgyzstan!”), the Zhashtar Kenesh (“Youth Parliament”) movement and others. According to Umetalieva, she witnessed how beaten people were taken out of the State National Security Service in ambulances. According to doctors, the detainees were subjected to torture. Umetalieva noted that “if government members continue repression, the situation may get out of control.” [37] Urmat Baryktabasov was sentenced to 4 years in prison and denied all charges. [36]

Persecution of party members

After the success of the Ata-Jurt party in the 2010 parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan, on October 23, the house of its leader, Kamchybek Tashiev, was robbed. He later told Al Jazeera that “they burst in like bandits... I think they intended to shoot me. I believe that they tried to destroy me - forces that want to overturn the election results and impose a state of emergency. I know that, of course, the State Committee for National Security [security services] was behind these actions.” [38] He accused Keneshbek Duyshebaev, head of the State Committee for National Security in the office of transitional President Roza Otunbaeva, of attacking him. During the 2010 elections, his party office was also looted and burned. [39]

Post-Presidency

In January 2012, Otunbayeva established the International Public Foundation "Roza Otunbayeva Initiative". [40] The main objective of the Foundation is to implement programs and projects that will contribute to the social, political and economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic. During a 2016 speech by her successor at a military parade on Ala-Too Square for the 25th anniversary of Kyrgyzstan's independence, Otunbayeva walked off the stage after President Atamabayev repeatedly criticized her government. [41]

During a speech at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in May 2018, she claimed that the young Kyrgyz generation values freedom above all, saying that they "have been infected by freedom and it runs deep". [42]

Honours and awards

Roza Otunbayeva was listed as one of the 150 Most Influential Women in the World by Newsweek / Daily Beast 2011 Edition.

Otunbayeva has received France's "Legion of Honour" Award with the degree of Commander, as well as the highest order of Mongolia's "Polar Star" Award. She was awarded the Premio Minerva Medallion, which is presided over by the President of the Italian Republic, "For occupying the highest institutional role in Kyrgyzstan, and for her international activities promoting democracy and peace".

In 2011, Otunbayeva received an International Women of Courage Award, which is presented annually by the United States Department of State to women around the world who have shown leadership, courage, resourcefulness, and the willingness to sacrifice for others, especially while promoting women's rights. On December 13, 2012, the Eurasia Foundation (USA) awarded her with the 2012 Bill Maynes Award for demonstrating visionary leadership throughout Kyrgyzstan's constitutional transition and providing a lifelong example of public service.

Roza Otunbayeva (left, seated), then-Foreign Minister, at the Azattyk Media studio in Bishkek, with journalists Cholpon Orozobekova, Aziza Turdueva, Kubat Otorbaev, Kanat Subakojoev, and studio manager Maksat Toroev (seated). Kyrgyz Foreign Minister Roza Otunbaeva at Radio Azattyk. 07.6.2005.jpg
Roza Otunbayeva (left, seated), then-Foreign Minister, at the Azattyk Media studio in Bishkek, with journalists Cholpon Orozobekova, Aziza Turdueva, Kubat Otorbaev, Kanat Subakojoev, and studio manager Maksat Toroev (seated).

Otunbayeva is a member of:

She is an Honorary Professor at the:

She is also an Honorary Professor at:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Kyrgyz: Роза Исак кызы Отунбаева, romanized: Roza Isak kyzy Otunbaeva, IPA: [ɾózɑɪsɑ́q‿qɯzɯ́otʰʊnpáɪeβə]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyrgyzstan</span> Country in Central Asia

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in eastern Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the capital and largest city. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east and southeast. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's over 7 million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osh</span> City in southern Kyrgyzstan

Osh is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country. It is often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 in 2021, comprising Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Koreans, and other smaller ethnic groups.

The Tulip Revolution, also known as the First Kyrgyz Revolution, led to then-President Askar Akayev's fall from power. The revolution began after parliamentary elections on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The revolutionaries alleged corruption and authoritarianism by Akayev, his family and supporters. Akayev fled to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. On 4 April 2005, at the Kyrgyz embassy in Moscow, Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on 11 April 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Kyrgyzstan</span> Head of state and head of government of Kyrgyzstan

The president of Kyrgyzstan, officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic, is the head of state and head of government of the Kyrgyz Republic. The president directs the executive branch of the national government, is the commander-in-chief of the Kyrgyz military and also heads the National Security Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurmanbek Bakiyev</span> President of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 to 2010

Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the second president of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010. Large opposition protests in April 2010 led to the takeover of government offices, forcing Bakiyev to flee the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omurbek Tekebayev</span> Kyrgyzstani politician

Omurbek Chirkeshovich Tekebayev is a Kyrgyz politician. He was Speaker of the Kyrgyz Parliament from March 2005 to March 2006. Tekebaev is the leader of the Ata-Meken socialist party. Currently, he serves as the ambassador of the Kyrgyz Republic to Germany.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Kyrgyz presidential election</span>

Early presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 30 October 2011 to replace Interim President Roza Otunbayeva. Former Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan won in the first round.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Kyrgyz constitutional referendum</span> Referendum that made Kyrgyzstan a parliamentary republic

A constitutional referendum was held in Kyrgyzstan on 27 June 2010 to reduce presidential powers and strengthen democracy in the wake of the riots earlier in the year. Parliamentary elections followed on 10 October 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Kyrgyz parliamentary election</span>

Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 October 2010. All 120 seats of the Supreme Council were elected by the party list system. Seats were allocated to all parties who obtained more than 5% of the vote overall and more than 0.5% in each of the nine provinces, capped at 65 seats per party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Kyrgyz Revolution</span> Revolution that overthrew President Kurmanbek Bakiyev

The 2010 Kyrgyz Revolution, also known as the Second Kyrgyz Revolution, the Melon Revolution, the April Events or officially as the People's April Revolution, began in April 2010 with the ousting of Kyrgyz president Kurmanbek Bakiyev in the capital Bishkek. It was followed by increased ethnic tension involving Kyrgyz people and Uzbeks in the south of the country, which escalated in June 2010. The violence ultimately led to the consolidation of a new parliamentary system in Kyrgyzstan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes</span> Kyrgyz–Uzbek clashes after President Kurmanbek Bakiyevs ouster

The 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes were clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in southern Kyrgyzstan, primarily in the cities of Osh and Jalal-Abad, in the aftermath of the ouster of former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev on 7 April. It is part of the larger Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010. Violence that started between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks on 19 May in Jalal-Abad escalated on 10 June in Osh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maxim Bakiyev</span> Kyrgyz politician (born 1977)

Maksim Kurmanbekovich Bakiyev, is a Kyrgyz politician, the youngest son of former president of Kyrgyzstan, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, from his marriage to Russian-born Tatyana Petrova. He is a resident of the UK having been granted political asylum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azimzhan Askarov</span> Kyrgyz activist and journalist (1951–2020)

Azimzhan Askarov was a Kyrgyzstani political activist who founded the group Vozduh in 2002 to investigate police brutality. Of ethnic Uzbek descent, during the 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes, which primarily targeted people of the Uzbek nationality, Askarov worked to document the violence.

The following lists events that happened during 2010 in Kyrgyzstan.

This article is a list of events in the year 2005 in Kyrgyzstan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sadyr Japarov</span> Kyrgyz politician (born 1968)

Sadyr Nurgojo uulu Japarov is a Kyrgyz politician who has been serving as the president of Kyrgyzstan since 28 January 2021. He previously held the post of acting prime minister of Kyrgyzstan in the 2020 interim government, following the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov. Japarov also became acting president of Kyrgyzstan after Jeenbekov's resignation, but resigned himself on 14 November 2020 to run for the 2021 presidential election, in which he was elected to succeed the acting president, Talant Mamytov.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan)</span> Political party in Kyrgyzstan

The Social Democrats is a political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in late 2019 by supporters of former President Almazbek Atambayev – legal successor from the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDKP). After a conflict between Atambaev and his successor President Sooronbai Jeenbekov emerged and deepened in 2018, Atambayev accused of Jeenbekov in attempting to seize authority over the SDKP, a party that Atambayev himself formed in 1990s and served as a leader of. The SDK participated in the annulled 2020 parliamentary election. The current party leader is Temirlan Sultanbekov.

References

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  4. 1 2 3 4 Ms. Roza Otunbayeva of Kyrgyzstan - Special Representative for Afghanistan and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan United Nations, press release of 2 September 2022.
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  42. ↑ "Former Kyrgyz President Otunbayeva: Road to Democracy Not a Straight Path". middlebury.edu. May 2018.
Roza Otunbayeva
Роза Отунбаева
Roza Otunbayeva - Kyrgyzstan - 2011 International Women of Courage awards.jpg
Otunbayeva in 2011
3rd President of Kyrgyzstan
In office
3 July 2010 –1 December 2011
Acting: 7 April 2010 – 3 July 2010
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
1992		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Kyrgyzstan
2010–2011		Succeeded by
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