Dene (Rudyne) [1] Grigar is a digital artist and scholar based in Vancouver, Washington. She was the president of the Electronic Literature Organization from 2013 to 2019. [2] In 2016, Grigar received the International Digital Media and Arts Association's Lifetime Achievement Award. [3]
Dene Grigar married John Barber. [4] Her mother is from what was then Czechoslovakia. [5]
Her interest in electronic literature began in fall 1991 when she took a graduate course with Nancy Kaplan in hypertext. [6] She graduated from the University of Texas at Dallas with an MA in humanities in 1991 and a PhD in humanities in 1995. [7]
Grigar is currently the professor and director of The Creative Media & Digital Culture in the Department of Digital Technology & Culture at Washington State University Vancouver. [8]
Grigar is professor and director of the Creative Media & Digital Culture Program at Washington State University Vancouver. [9] Her scholarship is largely focused on electronic literature, and has appeared in journals like Computers and Composition [10] and Technoculture. [11] She co-authored Traversals: The Use of Preservation for Early Electronic Writing (MIT Press 2017) with Stuart Moulthrop. [12] The book was a product of a 2013 National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Startup Grant. [13] Grigar's scholarly interests can be traced back to the early 1990s, when she took a class with Nancy Kaplan. [14]
Grigar co edited a volume of essays, Electronic Literature as Digital Humanities: Contexts, Forms, and Practices. This work collates essays on the state of electronic literature in 2021. Source: [15]
Grigar's essays mainly concern pedagogy and archiving aspects of electronic literature.
Grigar has produced a number of multimodal artworks, including:
Traversals: A method of preservation for born-digital texts, with Stuart Moulthrop, 2017 [26] (includes The Many Faces of Judy Malloy's Uncle Roger)
The Challenges of Born-Digital Fiction: Editions, Translations, and Emulations with Mariusz Pisarski, 2024 is a work that straddles both print and online multimedia aspects to explain how the Electronic Literature Lab preserved and emulated Judy Malloy’s its name was Penelope , produced on Eastgate Systems' Storyspace platform, and John McDaid’s Uncle Buddy’s Phantom Funhouse and Stuart Moultrop’s Hyperbola: A Digital Companion to Gravity’s Rainbow and Dreamtime, both created with HyperCard. [27] [28]
Dene Grigar's 1997 Nouspace Gallery and Media Lounge was a MOO that "offered a place to continue thinking about what it means to live and work online and how one best interacts with and presents multimedia on the web." as Marjorie Luesebrink described in #WomenTechLit as a landmark innovation [29]
Grigar developed The NEXT Museum, Library, and Preservation Space as a digital exhibition and archival space, and has curated many exhibits.Her essays provide a history and explanation of challenges inherent in exhibiting born-digital works. [30] [31]
At the Modern Language Association (MLA) 2012 Convention, Dene Grigar, Lori Emerson, and Kathi Inman Barnes put on an "Electronic Literature Exhibit". [32] [6]
She worked with Kathi Inman Barnes to curate "Electronic Literature and Its Emerging Forms" as an exhibition in the Library of Congress in 2013. This exhibit featured 27 works of born-digital literature, accompanied by 69 print books. [33] [34] [35] [36] [37]
Grigar has done extensive work curating exhibitions of digital art and electronic literature, including for the Library of Congress [38] and Modern Language Association. [39] Grigar helped lead the ELO repository in 2018. Grigar is now curating and editing the NeXt, an online digital museum and library, which presents preserved and emulated works of digital art and writing. [40]
Grigar curated the exhibition "Hypertext & Art: A Retrospective of Forms" for the Bibliotheca Hertziana — Max Planck Institute for Art History 5-8 September 2023 and the University of Victoria's McPherson Library 10-14 June 2024.
Grigar has successfully received and executed grants for many projects, including:
Grigar won the Marjorie C. Luesebrink Career Achievement Award announced in the Electronic Literature Organization 2024 conference. [46]
Dene Grigar was president of the Electronic Literature Organization from 2013 [47] to 2019. [48] James O'Sullivan in his opening remarks for the 2019 ELO conference in Cork, Ireland, remarked that "there is a generation of artistic endeavour which would have been lost had it not been for Dene Grigar. But most importantly, she has overseen the rise of a new generation of scholars and practitioners who will always see her as their president." [49]
Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature characterized by the use of hypertext links that provide a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction. The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential stories. Its spirit can also be seen in interactive fiction.
Electronic literature or digital literature is a genre of literature where digital capabilities such as interactivity, multimodality or algorithmic text generation are used aesthetically. Works of electronic literature are usually intended to be read on digital devices, such as computers, tablets, and mobile phones. They cannot be easily printed, or cannot be printed at all, because elements crucial to the work cannot be carried over onto a printed version.
afternoon, a story, spelled with a lowercase 'a', is a work of electronic literature written in 1987 by American author Michael Joyce. It was published by Eastgate Systems in 1990 and is known as one of the first works of hypertext fiction.
The Electronic Literature Organization (ELO) is a nonprofit organization "established in 1999 to promote and facilitate the writing, publishing, and reading of electronic literature". It hosts annual conferences, awards annual prizes for works of and criticism of electronic literature, hosts online events and has published a series of collections of electronic literature.
Victory Garden is a work of electronic literature by American author Stuart Moulthrop. It was written in Storyspace and first published by Eastgate Systems in 1991. Victory Garden is one of the earliest examples of hypertext novels, and is notable for being very inventive and influential in its genre. It is often discussed along with Michael Joyce's afternoon, a story as an important work of hypertext fiction.
Stuart Moulthrop is an innovator of electronic literature and hypertext fiction, both as a theoretician and as a writer. He is author of the hypertext fiction works Victory Garden (1992), which was on the front-page of the New York Times Book Review in 1993, Reagan Library (1999), and Hegirascope (1995), amongst many others. Moulthrop is currently a Professor of Digital Humanities in the Department of English, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. He also became a founding board member of the Electronic Literature Organization in 1999.
David Kolb is an American philosopher and the Charles A. Dana Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Bates College in Maine.
Judy Malloy is an American poet whose works embrace the intersection of hypernarrative, magic realism, and information art. Beginning with Uncle Roger in 1986, Malloy has composed works in both new media literature and hypertext fiction. She was an early creator of online interactive and collaborative fiction on The WELL and the website ArtsWire.
Kate Armstrong is a Canadian artist, writer and curator with a history of projects focusing on experimental literary practices, networks and public space.
Stephanie Strickland is a poet living in New York City. She has published ten volumes of print poetry and co-authored twelve digital poems. Her files and papers are being collected by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book And Manuscript Library at Duke University.
Marjorie Coverley Luesebrink was an American writer, scholar, and teacher. Writing hypermedia fiction under the pen name M.D. Coverley, she is best known for her epic hypertext novels Califia (2000) and Egypt: The Book of Going Forth by Day (2006). A pioneer born-digital writer, she is part of the first generation of electronic literature authors that arose in the 1987–1997 period. She was a founding board member and past president of the Electronic Literature Organization and the first winner of the Electronic Literature Organization Career Achievement Award, which was named in her honor. Lusebrink was professor emeritus, School of Humanities and Languages at Irvine Valley College (IVC).
John Barber is a digital artist and scholar based in Vancouver, Washington. He is predominantly focused on sound art. Barber married Dene Grigar.
Aaron Tucker is a Canadian writer, digital artist, and scholar.
Richard Holeton is an American writer and higher-education administrator. His creative works are foundational in the hypertext and electronic literature genres. As a writer, his most notable work is the hypertext novel Figurski at Findhorn on Acid, which has been recognized as an important early work of electronic literature and is included in the hypertext canon.
Jessica Pressman is a scholar who studies electronic literature including digital poetry, media studies, and experimental literature. She creates works that examine how technologies affect reading practices that are displayed through several media forms.
Figurski at Findhorn on Acid is a hypertext novel by Richard Holeton published on CD-ROM by Eastgate Systems in 2001 and republished on the open web by the Electronic Literature Lab, Washington State University, in 2021. Re-Imagined Radio presented a radio interpretation of this novel in 2022 in which Holeton made an appearance. It is a work of interactive fiction with various paths for readers to choose from, an early example of electronic literature, and one of 23 works included in the literary hypertext canon.
King of Space is a work of electronic literature by author Sarah Smith. This interactive narrative is set in a collapsing solar system aboard an abandoned starship, where an escaped terrorist encounters the last star-captain and his ship's Priestess. The story weaves elements of gaming into a dark science-fictional ritual of fertility and regeneration.
Uncle Buddy's Phantom Funhouse is an early multimedia hypermedia text written by John McDaid and released by Eastgate Systems in 1993. The main portion of Funhouse was written for Macintosh's HyperCard app, but portions of the hypermedia novel are also contained in the original box. The use of transmedia storytelling, meta-fiction, and epistolary format makes this a potential early example of an alternate reality game.
The NEXT: Museum, Library, and Preservation Space is a repository of net art, electronic literature and games. It is supported by Washington State University at Vancouver and the Electronic Literature Organization. This is a digital museum dedicated to reviving and maintaining these works to make them accessible to all. Physical artifacts are held at the Electronic Literature Lab in Washington, US.
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