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| Desulfovibrio aminophilus | |
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| Species: | D. aminophilus |
| Binomial name | |
| Desulfovibrio aminophilus Baena et al. 1999 [1] | |
| Type strain | |
| ALA-3, DSM 12254 [2] | |
Desulfovibrio aminophilus is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, non-spore-forming, amino acid degrading and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from an anaerobic lagoon from a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Santa Fe de Bogota in Colombia. [1] [3] [4] [5] [6]
The purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) are part of a group of Proteobacteria capable of photosynthesis, collectively referred to as purple bacteria. They are anaerobic or microaerophilic, and are often found in stratified water environments including hot springs, stagnant water bodies, as well as microbial mats in intertidal zones. Unlike plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria do not use water as their reducing agent, and therefore do not produce oxygen. Instead, they can use sulfur in the form of sulfide, or thiosulfate (as well, some species can use H2, Fe2+, or NO2−) as the electron donor in their photosynthetic pathways. The sulfur is oxidized to produce granules of elemental sulfur. This, in turn, may be oxidized to form sulfuric acid.
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product or these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds. In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus is a bacterium. It is Gram-negative, butyrate-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing. It is also strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Its type strain is BSYT.
Desulfovibrio paquesii is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing and hydrogenotrophic. The type strain is SB1(T).
Desulfovibrio marrakechensis is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing and tyrosol-oxidising. Its cells are mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, catalase-positive and straight-rod-shaped. They contain cytochrome c(3) and desulfoviridin. The type strain is EMSSDQ(4)(T).
Desulfovibrio carbinolicus is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing. Its cells are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and curved. Its type strain is EDK82.
Desulfovibrio profundus is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing barophilic bacteria. It is strictly anaerobic, vibrio-shaped and its type strain is 500–1.
Arsenate-reducing bacteria are bacteria which reduce arsenates. Arsenate-reducing bacteria are ubiquitous in arsenic-contaminated groundwater (aqueous environment). Arsenates are salts or esters of arsenic acid (H3AsO4), consisting of the ion AsO43−. They are moderate oxidizers that can be reduced to arsenites and to arsine. Arsenate can serve as a respiratory electron acceptor for oxidation of organic substrates and H2S or H2. Arsenates occur naturally in minerals such as adamite, alarsite, legrandite, and erythrite, and as hydrated or anhydrous arsenates. Arsenates are similar to phosphates since arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) occur in group 15 (or VA) of the periodic table. Unlike phosphates, arsenates are not readily lost from minerals due to weathering. They are the predominant form of inorganic arsenic in aqueous aerobic environments. On the other hand, arsenite is more common in anaerobic environments, more mobile, and more toxic than arsenate. Arsenite is 25–60 times more toxic and more mobile than arsenate under most environmental conditions. Arsenate can lead to poisoning, since it can replace inorganic phosphate in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> 1,3-biphosphoglycerate step of glycolysis, producing 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate instead. Although glycolysis continues, 1 ATP molecule is lost. Thus, arsenate is toxic due to its ability to uncouple glycolysis. Arsenate can also inhibit pyruvate conversion into acetyl-CoA, thereby blocking the TCA cycle, resulting in additional loss of ATP.
Desulfovibrio oxyclinae is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing, and was first isolated from the upper 3mm layer of a hypersaline cyanobacterial mat in Sinai.
Desulfovibrio bastinii is a moderately halophilic bacteria. It is sulfate-reducing, mesophilic and motile. Its type strain is SRL4225T.
Desulfovibrio gracilis is a moderately halophilic bacteria. It is sulfate-reducing, mesophilic and motile. Its type strain is SRL6146T.
Desulfovibrio arcticus is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from water from permafrost from the Barents Sea.
Desulfovibrio biadhensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, mesophilic, slightly halophilic, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from a thermal spring in Tunisia.
Desulfovibrio bizertensis is a weakly halotolerant, strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from marine sediments from Tunisia.
Desulfobacula toluolica is a Gram-negative and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfobacula which has been isolated from marine mud in the United States.
Desulfococcus biacutus is a Gram-negative and strictly anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Desulfococcus which has been isolated from anaerobic digestor sludge in Germany.
Cloacibacillus evryensis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, mesophilic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cloacibacillus which has been isolated from sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant from Evry in France.
Aminobacterium mobile is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, mesophilic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Aminobacterium which has been isolated from anaerobic lagoon from a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Colombia. Dissimilar to Aminobacterium colombiense, Aminobacterium mobile has a marginally lower DNA GC-content Aminobacterium mobile is motile and ferments Serine to Acetate and Alanine. Aminobacterium mobile is both a Heterotroph and Asaccharolytic. Its adverse effects on both animals and humans are not yet known, but because of the ability of Aminobacterium mobile to degrade amino acids and peptides, the possibility of harmful effects cannot be excluded.
Aminobacterium colombiense is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Aminobacterium which has been isolated from anaerobic lagoon from a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Colombia.
Aminomonas is a genus of bacteria from the family of Synergistaceae with one known species. Aminomonas paucivorans has been isolated from an anaerobic lagoon of a dairy wastewater treatment plant.
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