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Shakespearean tragedy is the designation given to most tragedies written by playwright William Shakespeare. Many of his history plays share the qualifiers of a Shakespearean tragedy,but because they are based on real figures throughout the history of England,they were classified as "histories" in the First Folio. The Roman tragedies—Julius Caesar,Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus—are also based on historical figures,but because their sources were foreign and ancient,they are almost always classified as tragedies rather than histories. Shakespeare's romances were written late in his career and published originally as either tragedy or comedy. They share some elements of tragedy,insofar as they feature a high-status central character,but they end happily like Shakespearean comedies. Almost three centuries after Shakespeare's death,the scholar F. S. Boas also coined a fifth category,the "problem play," for plays that do not fit neatly into a single classification because of their subject matter,setting,or ending. Scholars continue to disagree on how to categorize some Shakespearean plays.
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1613.
Dame Helen Louise Gardner,was an English literary critic and academic. Gardner began her teaching career at the University of Birmingham,and from 1966 to 1975 was a Merton Professor of English Literature,the first woman to have that position. She was best known for her work on the poets John Donne and T. S. Eliot,but also published on John Milton and William Shakespeare. She published over a dozen books,and received multiple honours.
A closet drama is a play that is not intended to be performed onstage,but read by a solitary reader or sometimes out loud in a large group. The contrast between closet drama and classic "stage" dramas dates back to the late eighteenth century. The literary historian Henry A. Beers considers closet drama "a quite legitimate product of literary art."
Muriel Clara Bradbrook (1909–1993),usually cited as M. C. Bradbrook,was a British literary scholar and authority on Shakespeare. She was Professor of English at Cambridge University,and Mistress of Girton College,Cambridge.
Lady Jane Cavendish (1621–1669) was a noted poet and playwright,the daughter of William Cavendish,Duke of Newcastle and later the wife of Charles Cheyne,Viscount Newhaven. Along with her literary achievements,Jane helped manage her father's properties while he spent the English Civil War in exile;she was responsible for a variety of military correspondences and for salvaging many of her family's valuable possessions. Later in life,she became an important community member in Chelsea,using her resources to make improvements on Chelsea Church and otherwise benefit her friends and neighbours. Marked by vitality,integrity,perseverance and creativity,Jane's life and works tell the story of a Royalist woman's indomitable spirit during the English Civil War and the English Restoration.
Petronilla de Meath was the maidservant of Dame Alice Kyteler,a Hiberno-Norman noblewoman who lived in Ireland in what is now County Kilkenny. After the death of Kyteler's fourth husband,Kyteler was accused of practicing witchcraft and Petronilla was charged with being one of her accomplices. Petronilla was tortured and forced to proclaim that she and Kyteler were guilty of witchcraft. Kyteler fled to save her life,and Petronilla was then flogged and eventually burnt at the stake on 3 November 1324,in Kilkenny. Hers was the first known case in Ireland or Great Britain of death by fire for the crime of heresy.
Constance Cary Harrison,also referred as Mrs. Burton Harrison,was an American playwright and novelist. She and two of her cousins were known as the "Cary Invincibles";the three sewed the first examples of the Confederate Battle Flag.
Dame Averil Millicent Cameron,often cited as A. M. Cameron,is a British historian. She writes on Late Antiquity,Classics,and Byzantine Studies. She was Professor of Late Antique and Byzantine History at the University of Oxford,and the Warden of Keble College,Oxford,between 1994 and 2010.
Elizabeth Cary,Viscountess Falkland was an English poet,dramatist,translator,and historian. She is the first woman known to have written and published an original play in English:The Tragedy of Mariam. From an early age,she was recognized by her contemporaries as an accomplished scholar.
Elizabeth Egerton,Countess of Bridgewater was an English writer who married into the Egerton family.
The Tragedy of Mariam,the Fair Queen of Jewry is a Jacobean-era drama written by Elizabeth Cary,Viscountess Falkland,and first published in 1613. There is some speculation that Cary may have written a play before The Tragedy of Mariam that has since been lost,but most scholars agree that The Tragedy of Mariam is the first extant original play written by a woman in English. It is also the first known English play to closely explore the history of King Herod's marriage to Mariamne.
Tobias Druitt is an author of fantasy novels. Tobias Druitt is the pseudonym of two authors who write together,Diane Purkiss and Michael Dowling.
Richard Hawkins was a London publisher of the Jacobean and Caroline eras. He was a member of the syndicate that published the Second Folio collection of Shakespeare's plays in 1632. His bookshop was in Chancery Lane,near Sergeant's Inn.
William Spencer Barrett FBA,usually credited as W. S. Barrett and known as Spencer Barrett,was an English classical scholar,Fellow and Sub-Warden of Keble College,Oxford,and Reader in Greek Literature in the University of Oxford. He was also a Fellow of the British Academy.
Dame Cicely Veronica Wedgwood,was an English historian who published under the name C. V. Wedgwood. Specializing in the history of 17th-century England and continental Europe,her biographies and narrative histories are said to have provided a clear,entertaining middle ground between popular and scholarly works.
Boy was a white hunting poodle belonging to Prince Rupert of the Rhine in the 17th century. Parliamentarian propaganda alleged that the dog was "endowed" with magical powers.
Elizabeth Alkin was a publisher,nurse and spy for the Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War. Among the many derogatory names she was called by royalist sympathisers,that of Parliament Joan is one by which she is also commonly known.
Dimitra Fimi is a Scottish academic and writer and since 2020 the Senior Lecturer in Fantasy and Children's Literature at the University of Glasgow. Her research includes that of the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien and children's fantasy literature.
References
- ↑ Cloake, Felicity (28 December 2022). "English Food by Diane Purkiss review – a mouthwatering history". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 24 January 2024.
