Diasporus gularis

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Diasporus gularis
Diasporus gularis02.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Eleutherodactylidae
Genus: Diasporus
Species:
D. gularis
Binomial name
Diasporus gularis
(Boulenger, 1898)
Synonyms [2]

Hylodes gularisBoulenger, 1898
Eleutherodactylus gularis(Boulenger, 1898)
Hyloxalus huigraeFowler, 1913

Contents

Diasporus gularis, also known as the Esmeraldas robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is found in western Colombia (Córdoba Department in the north through Antioquia and Chocó Departments to the Valle del Cauca, Cauca, and Nariño Departments in the southwest) and northwestern and central Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Imbabura, and Chimborazo Provinces). [2] [3] [4]

Description

Adult males measure 17–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) and adult females 21–25 mm (0.8–1.0 in) in snout–vent length. [5] The head is as wide as the body and longer than it is wide. The snout is long, and subacuminate in dorsal view, and truncate in lateral view. The tympanum has its upper edge hidden by the low, poorly-defined supra-tympanic fold. The fingers have weak lateral keels and small discs. The toes are basally webbed and have lanceolate discs. Dorsal skin is smooth but may have low tubercles in some specimens. The dorsum is yellowish-tan with yellow flanks. There are some reddish brown dorsal markings: an inter-orbital bar, narrow canthal and broader post-orbital stripes, as well as smaller markings in the scapular region and on the shanks. The iris is golden bronze and has a reddish-brown horizontal streak. [6]

The male advertisement call is a "whistle", consisting of a single tonal note lasting about 0.11 seconds and produced at a rate of 5.2 calls/minute. The call has four harmonics and a peak frequency of 2.7–3.0 kHz. [7]

Habitat and conservation

Diasporus gularis is a very common frog occurring in both primary forest and disturbed habitats, including deforested areas, [1] at elevations up to 1,770 m (5,810 ft) above sea level [3] but mostly below 400 m (1,300 ft). It is much more common in secondary, degraded vegetation than in primary forests. This adaptable species occurs also in many protected areas and is not facing significant threats. [1]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Pristimantis leptolophus</i>

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Pristimantis obmutescens is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the páramos of Cordillera Central in the Cauca and Huila Departments. Common name paramos robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name obmutescens is Latin and means "keeping silent", inferred from the lack of vocal slits or sac in males and the thick skin covering the tympanum. Despite this, the species is reported to call.

Diasporus quidditus is a species of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is found in eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia. The specific name quidditus is derived from English word quiddity, which the describer John Douglas Lynch encountered in the book "Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary" by Willard Van Orman Quine; he thought the name was apt because the species was small and had been confused with Diasporus vocator and Diasporus gularis.

Pristimantis racemus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the páramos of Cordillera Central along the Valle del Cauca–Tolima Department borderland north to the Quindío Department. Common name Las Hermosas robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name racemus is Latin and means "a bunch of berries", and refers to the warty skin of this species.

Pristimantis rosadoi is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in northwestern Ecuador in Carchi, Esmeraldas, and Pichincha provinces, and in the adjacent Colombia in the Nariño Department as well as on the Gorgona Island; there is some doubt about the identity of the Gorgona Island specimens, while the checklist of Colombian amphibians only mentions the Gorgona record. The specific name rosadoi honors José P. O. Rosado, herpetologist at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and also alludes to similarity of this species to Pristimantis roseus. Common name Rosado's robber frog has been proposed for it.

Pristimantis simoteriscus is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima, Quindío, and Caldas Departments. There is also an unconfirmed record from the Valle del Cauca Department. The specific name simoteriscus is diminutive of simoterus, chosen because adult P. simoteriscus resemble juvenile individuals of Pristimantis simoterus.

<i>Pristimantis simoterus</i> Species of frog

Pristimantis simoterus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Central in the Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, and Tolima Departments. Common name Albania robber frog has been coined for it. The specific name simoterus is derived from Greek simos meaning "snub-nosed", in reference to the short snout of this species.

Pristimantis subsigillatus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the lowlands in southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador up to elevations of 1,162 m (3,812 ft) asl. It is sometimes known as Salidero robber frog or engraved rainfrog.

Pristimantis supernatis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Cordillera Central, Colombia, from Nevado del Huila southward to the Colombian Massif and the Carchi Province in northern Ecuador. Some sources report records from further north (Antioquia), but others attribute these to Pristimantis permixtus. Common name El Carmelo robber frog has been coined for this species.

Diasporus tinker is a species of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Colombia where it is known from scattered localities between the southern Córdoba Department in the north through Antioquia and Chocó Departments to the Valle del Cauca Department in the south. The specific name tinker refers to the "tink"-like advertisement call.

Pristimantis variabilis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the lowland Amazon rainforest and Andean slopes in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil. The specific name variabilis refers to the variable dorsal coloration of this frog. Common name variable robber frog has been proposed for it.

Pristimantis vertebralis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the Andes of Ecuador and occurs in the Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Bolívar, and Azuay provinces. Common name vertebral robber frog has been coined for it.

<i>Pristimantis acerus</i>

Pristimantis acerus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known from the area of its type locality between Papallacta and Cuyujúathe in the Napo Province and from the Llanganates National Park, Pastaza Province. This species is rated as Endangered by the IUCN. Common name Papallacta robber frog has been coined for it.

<i>Diasporus</i> Genus of frogs

Diasporus is a genus of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae. The genus was first described in 2008. They are found in Central and northern South America. They are sometimes referred to as dink frogs, in reference to the "tink" sound that males make during the mating season.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Castro, F.; Ron, S.; Coloma, L.A.; Grant, T. & Morales, M. (2010). "Diasporus gularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T56640A11512166. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T56640A11512166.en .
  2. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Diasporus gularis (Boulenger, 1898)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 Acosta Galvis, A. R. & Cuentas, D. (2017). "Diasporus gularis (Boulenger, 1898)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
  4. ↑ Read, M.; Ron, S. R. & Pazmiño-Armijos, G. (2016). Ron, S. R.; Yanez-Muñoz, M. H.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Hyloxalus mystax". AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2018.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 30 December 2017.
  5. ↑ Lynch, John D. (2001). "Three new rainfrogs of the Eleutherodactylus diastema group from Colombia and Panamá". Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. 25 (95): 287–297.
  6. ↑ Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997). "Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, ecology, and biogeography". Special Publication, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas. 23: 1–236.
  7. ↑ Toro-Sánchez, Tatiana & Bernal-Bautista, Manuel Hernando (2015). "The advertisement call of Diasporus gularis and D. tinker from the Pacific Region of Colombia". South American Journal of Herpetology. 10 (2): 116–120. doi:10.2994/SAJH-D-14-00041.1. S2CID   83596175.
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