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Baal, properly Ba'al, was a title and honorific meaning "owner", "lord" in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. Scholars previously associated the theonym with solar cults and with a variety of unrelated patron deities but inscriptions have shown that the name Ba'al was particularly associated with the storm and fertility god Hadad and his local manifestations.
Atum, sometimes rendered as Atem or Tem, is an important deity in Egyptian mythology.
In the Hebrew Bible, elohim usually refers to a single deity, particularly the God of Israel. At other times it refers to deities in the plural.
Raphael is an archangel mentioned in the Book of Tobit and in 1 Enoch, both dating from the last few centuries before Christ. In later Jewish tradition he became identified as one of the three heavenly visitors entertained by Abraham. He is not named in either the Christian New Testament or the Quran, but in later Christian tradition he became identified with healing and as the angel who stirred the waters of the pool of Bethesda in John 5:2-4, while in Islam, where his name is Israfil, he is understood to be the unnamed angel of Quran 6:73 who stands eternally with a trumpet to his lips, ready to announce the Day of Resurrection.
Nisroch was, according to the Hebrew Bible, an Assyrian god in whose temple King Sennacherib was worshiping when he was assassinated by his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer. The name is unknown in Mesopotamian sources, but it has been tentatively identified as the god of agriculture.
Horonaim is a city in Moab, mentioned in two Hebrew Bible oracles against the nation of Moab: in the Book of Jeremiah, and in the Book of Isaiah,. In 2 Samuel, an addition from the Septuagint text is sometimes translated as Horonaim, although it possibly derives from as little as a preposition.
In ancient Canaanite religion, Ba'al Hermon was the titular local deity of Mount Hermon. The mountain was inhabited by the Hivites.
A god worshiped in pre-Islamic southern Arabia. Salman may have been the same as a West Semitic god called Shalman/Shalaman, which some scholars believe survives as a theophoric element in the names Solomon and Shalmaneser. The deity is also attested in texts from Ugarit, Palmyra, Hatra, and North and South Arabia.
Baalath is the name of either one or two towns in the Hebrew Bible. Its name is the female form of Baal.
Milcom or Milkom was the name of either the national god, or a popular god, of the Ammonites. He is attested in the Hebrew Bible and in archaeological finds from the former territory of Ammon. His connections to other deities with similar names attested in the Bible and archaeologically are debated, as well as his relationship to the Canaanite supreme deity El.
Shalim(Šalām,Shalem, Salem, and Salim) is a god in the Canaanite religion pantheon, mentioned in inscriptions found in Ugarit in Syria. William F. Albright identified Shalim as the god of dusk and Shahar as god of the dawn. In the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, Shalim is also identified as the deity representing Venus or the "Evening Star" and Shahar the "Morning Star". His name derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root Š-L-M. The city of Jerusalem was named after him.
In ancient Egyptian religion, menat was a name of the goddess Hathor, and of a type of artifact closely associated with her, much like the sistrum was.
Gad was the name of the pan-Semitic god of fortune, usually depicted as a male but sometimes as a female. and is attested in ancient records of Aram and Arabia. Gad is also mentioned in the bible as a deity in the Book of Isaiah, as having been worshipped by a number of Hebrews during the Babylonian captivity. Gad apparently differed from the god of destiny, who was known as Meni. The root verb in Gad means cut or divide, and from this comes the idea of fate being meted out.
A biblical name, Baal-meon, meaning Lord of Dwelling, was the name of a town of Reuben, that some have identified as modern-day Ma`in in Jordan. It was allegedly the birthplace of the prophet Elisha. It appears in the stela of Mesha, king of Moab, who seized it in the 9th century.
Kakka is a minor god, attendant and messenger (sukkal) of both Anu and Anshar in ancient Mesopotamian religion. He is mostly represented in Akkadian texts, particularly in Nergal and Ereshkigal, in which Anu sends him with a message to god Nergal in the underworld. He also is featured in the Enûma Eliš. He is sent by Anshar to the forces of Tiamat with the formal announcement of Marduk's readiness to battle Tiamat.
Beelzebub or Beelzebul is a name derived from a Philistine god, formerly worshipped in Ekron, and later adopted by some Abrahamic religions as a major demon. The name Beelzebub is associated with the Canaanite god Baal.
The origins of Judaism according to the traditions of the Jews and the teachings of Judaism are described and explained in the Torah that regards Abraham the Hebrew as the first "Jew", and hence of Judaism as a monotheistic religion, and then through his descendants, namely Jacob and the Children of Israel, as the originators of the Jewish people following the Exodus and of their religion as given in the Torah, traditionally based on the 613 commandments, that the Hebrews/Israelites/Jews were commanded by God to believe in, observe and practice as instructed in the Torah. See the main article about Judaism for the origins of the term and meaning.
Adon literally means "lord." Adon has an uncertain etymology, although it is generally believed to be derived from the Ugaritic ad, “father.”
I am that I am is a common English translation of the Hebrew phrase אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה, ’ehye ’ăšer ’ehye – also "I am who I am," "I will become what I choose to become," "I am what I am," "I will be what I will be," "I create what(ever) I create," or "I am the Existing One." The traditional English translation within Judaism favors "I will be what I will be" because there is no present tense of the verb "to be" in the Hebrew language.
Horvat Maʿon (Hebrew) or Tell Maʿin / Khirbet el-Maʿin (Arabic) is an archaeological site located 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Gaza, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest of Kibbutz Nirim in the Negev, the arid southern portion of Israel; in the Roman period, the site is thought to have formed the western boundary of the Limes Palaestinae.
References
- ↑ Karel van Der Toorn; Bob Becking; Pieter W. van der Horst (1999). Dictionary Of Deities And Demons In The Bible. archive.org (2nd Extensively Revised ed.). p. 1. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.