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Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipes are well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.
The clarinet is a single-reed musical instrument in the woodwind family, with a nearly cylindrical bore and a flared bell.
The tin whistle, also known as the penny whistle, is a simple six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a type of fipple flute, putting it in the same class as the recorder, Native American flute, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Irish traditional music and Celtic music. Other names for the instrument are the flageolet, English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, or Irish whistle.
The music of contemporary nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related other Central Asian folk forms and is descended from Arab and Persian forms of the Middle Ages. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or accompanied by the dutar, a two-stringed lute.
The chalumeau is a single-reed woodwind instrument of the late baroque and early classical eras. The chalumeau is a folk instrument that is the predecessor to the modern-day clarinet. It has a cylindrical bore with eight tone holes and a broad mouthpiece with a single heteroglot reed made of cane. Similar to the clarinet, the chalumeau overblows a twelfth.
A fife is a small, high-pitched, transverse aerophone, that is similar to the piccolo. The fife originated in medieval Europe and is often used in fife and drum corps, military units, and marching bands. Someone who plays the fife is called a fifer. The word fife comes from the German Pfeife, meaning pipe, which comes from the Latin word pipare.
The kaval is a chromatic end-blown oblique flute traditionally played throughout the Balkans and Anatolia. The kaval is primarily associated with mountain shepherds.
The zhaleika, also known as bryolka (брёлка), is a Slavic wind instrument, most used in Belarusian, Russian and sometimes Ukrainian ethnic music. Also known as a "folk clarinet" or hornpipe. The zhaleika was eventually incorporated into the balalaika band, the Hungarian tarogato, and may have contributed to the development of the chalumeau, a predecessor of the clarinet.
The musical traditions of Central Asia mirror the immense diversity found in the cultures and populations residing in the region. Principal instrument types are two- or three-stringed lutes, the necks either fretted or fretless; fiddles made of horsehair; flutes, mostly sige at both ends and either end-blown or side-blown; and jew harps, mostly metal. Percussion instruments include frame drums, Tam origin of the bowed string Use of the bowed string is thought to originate with nomads who mainly used the snake-skin, covered horsetail-bowed lute. In Mongolia instruments like the morin khuur or horse-head fiddle survive today.
A pipe is a tubular wind instrument in general, or various specific wind instruments. The word is an onomatopoeia, and comes from the tone which can resemble that of a bird chirping.
The bawu is a Chinese wind instrument. Although shaped like a flute, it is actually a free reed instrument, with a single metal reed. It is played in a transverse (horizontal) manner. It has a pure, clarinet-like timbre and its playing technique incorporates the use of much ornamentation, particularly bending tones.
The fujara is a large wind instrument of the tabor pipe class. It originated in central Slovakia as a sophisticated folk shepherd's overtone fipple flute of unique design in the contrabass range.
The sipsi is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in folk music and native to the Aegean region of Greece and Turkey. The word sipsi is possibly onomatopoeic. In ancient Greece, it was known as kalamavlos (καλάμαυλος), meaning cane-flute. The sipsi can be made of bone, wood, or reed, though the reed variant is most common. Its size varies from region to region, but it generally contains five finger holes in the front, and one finger hole in the back.
The gourd mouth organ is a free reed mouth organ played across East and Southeast Asia. It consists of a gourd wind chest with several bamboo or bronze pipes inserted on top of it, the numbers of pipes differing from region to region.
Stabule, also known as stebule or stabuļa, is a Latvian woodwind instrument made from various materials like wood, bark, and reeds. It consists of a tube with a whistle and finger holes, typically producing a diatonic scale. The oldest known Latvian bone stabule dates back to 3,000–2,000 BCE.
The mey is a double-reed aerophone used in Turkish folk music. The mey, duduk, and balaban are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.
The salamuri is a Georgian wind instrument which resembles a recorder. It is a staple part of Georgian folk music, and is ancient in origin, with early examples being in bone. Modern salamuris are made from wood, especially apricot or walnut. There are two main varieties, reeded and non-reeded, which require different techniques of crafting and playing. One player can sometimes play two salamuris at once by using either hand.
Azerbaijani traditional musical instruments are a family of ancient string, wind and percussion instruments used in the performance of Azerbaijani traditional music.
Pilili is a reed wind instrument in Adjara, west Georgia. It is a pipe of 25-30cm in length with 5-7 keys.
The bülban is a historical musical instrument from the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia. It was a reed pipe, with an apricot wood body and tipped with a tubular single-reed. It had 7 fingerholes and a thumbhole and played a diatonic scale from E♭1 to E♭3. By half-covering fingerholes, it could play a chromatic scale. The instrument has been documented in Azerbaijan, and one can be seen in a photo from the mid-19th-century Russian Turkestan.
References
- 1 2 Stanley Sadie, ed. (1984). "Mey". The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. The Grove Dictionary Of Musical Instruments. Vol. 2. pp. 652–653. ISBN 0-943818-05-2.
- ↑ A.L. Khun (ed.). Turkestanskii al'bom. Po rasporiazheniiu turkestanskago general-gubernatora general-ad"iutanta K. P. fon Kaufmana 1-go. Chast' etnograficheskaia tuzemnoe naselenie v russkikh vladieniiakh Srednei Azii [Turkestan Album. By order of the Turkestan Governor-General, Adjutant-General K.P. von Kaufman I. The Ethnographical Part - Native populations in the Russian possessions of Central Asia]. Vol. 2. Military Topographical Department of the Turkestan Military District.
[note:] upper left photo, musician on far right is holding the dili tuiduk.
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