Disability in Iran

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Ali Asgari Lemjiri, disabled Iranian teenager and model aircraft designer Sky Boy.png
Ali Asgari Lemjiri, disabled Iranian teenager and model aircraft designer

According to 2015 data, more than 1.87 million Iranians with disabilities, or about 4.2% of the total population, were registered with the government. Although the law requires the collection of data on the number of individuals with disabilities, as well as on the types of disabilities; however, following a low 2011 national census statistic — which purported a mere 1.35% of the population as having disabilities — the Iran Statistics Center removed all questions relating to disability from the 2016 census. [1] In 2014, the director of the State Welfare Organization of Iran's "Disabled Persons Empowerment Office", Keivan Davatgaran, stated that approximately 11% of the population was disabled. [2]

Contents

Zahra Nemati, Iranian archer, bearing the flag for the Iranian team during the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony - photo news agency Tasnimnews 35.jpg
Zahra Nemati, Iranian archer, bearing the flag for the Iranian team during the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony.

Laws

Paragraph 9 Principle 3 of the legal code of the Islamic Republic of Iran emphasizes the removal of unfair discrimination and the creation of equitable facilities for all people in material and spiritual contexts. Laws supporting the rights of disabled people have obliged the government to provide the necessary grounds for securing the rights of disabled people and to provide them with necessary support.

In 2004, the Islamic Consultative Assembly passed legislation under the title of the Comprehensive Law for the Protection of the Disabled and in 16 legal articles; [3] 4 years later, in 2008, the Iranian Parliament approved the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, so that Iran joined this international convention. [4] During the administration of Hassan Rouhani, a bill supporting the rights of disabled people was introduced; this bill, under the title Law on the Protection of the Rights of the Disabled, was approved by parliament in March 2018, and it's implementation was announced by the president in May 2018. [5] Despite this, there are many problems in the route of implementation of these laws that have caused many of them to be unenforceable.

According to the government of Iran, 25% of disabled individuals who had registered with the State Welfare Organization received disability pensions in 2016. [1]

Military service exemptions

In Iran, according to the comprehension protection act for disabled people, [6] disabled individuals who fall under the textual conditions of this law are medically exempt from military service. There are reports known to the media and citizens regarding the prevalence of discrimination in employment towards people with medical exemptions in public and private offices. Since there is a lot of spiritual, psychological, and economic pressure on families who have a disabled child, in the past there was also an exemption from military service for the other, healthy child of a family with a disabled child. However, presently, according to Article 6 of the Comprehensive Law for the Protection of the Disabled, only families who have two disabled children can have their non-disabled child exempt from military service. [7] Individuals who, according to the text of these laws, have parents with disabilities are exempt from military service.

Urban problems

In most cities in Iran, disabled individuals face various issues. These problems include narrow sidewalks built using inappropriate construction materials, slope gradient, and slippage; the lack of appropriate ramps; the presence of barriers between the sidewalk and the roadway, as well as the absence of a bridge; the improperness of the bridge, as well as the lack of pedestrian crossings and connections between the curb, the sidewalk, and the ditch; and the absence of tactile paving for the blind. [8]

In February 2021, the newspaper Hamshahri reported that along with the increase in the price of rehabilitation equipment for disabled people, theft of equipment required by disabled people has also increased; additionally, many disabled individuals do not have the ability to buy these equipments. [9] [10]

The Iranian Association for the Blind

The Iranian Association for the Blind is a charitable institute in Iran established in December 1993. According to statements made through the website of this association, familiarity of society with the natural rights of citizens with visual impairments and efforts to promote their rights are considered to be some of the most important goals of this association. [11]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iranian Law and Legal Research Institute</span>

The Iranian Law and Legal Research Institute, formerly Allameh Legal Encyclopedia Research Center, is a scientific and juridical research institute, composed of four groups: encyclopedia writing, legal theorization and intellectualism, studies on social impact of laws, and studies on "extra" laws. Operating under the license of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran, this research institute is one of the first legal entities to be recognized as a knowledge-based company by the Vice-Presidency for Science and Technology of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Specialized Commissions of the Parliament of Iran</span> Introducing the commissions of the Iranian parliament

The Specialized Commissions of the Parliament of Iran are groups of representatives that are formed with the aim of expertly reviewing the plans and bills proposed in the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran.

The history of the parliament in Iran refers to the history of this legislative body in Iran, which has gone through various stages. This legislative body has been changing and expanding from a 25-member House of Expediency to the present day, which operates under the name of the Islamic Consultative Assembly with 290 members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integration Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 41 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Integration Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, in order to regulate the principles and provisions of development programs and budget bills of the whole country and to establish coordination between the specialized commissions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, after the relevant bill is submitted by the government to the Assembly, is formed consisting of the following members:

  1. Nine people from the Program, Budget and Accounting Commission
  2. Three people from other specialized commission
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Program, Budget and Accounting Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 51 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Program, Budget and Accounting Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly shall be formed to perform the assigned tasks within the scope of the country program, country budget, supervision of the program and budget and the Court of Accounts and Finance of the Assembly, and to provide statistics and general technical services in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internal Regulation Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 43 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Internal Regulation Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is responsible for reviewing plans and bills proposed by the representatives and branches to amendment of internal regulations and change in the process of implementation of affairs of the Assembly. The commission evaluates the relevant plans and bills and reports the result. Each of the fifteen branches of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is obliged to nominate one of its qualified members to be a member of this commission so that the result can be determined after reviewing his / her credentials. Therefore, the Internal Regulation Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly will have 15 members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Article 90 of the Constitution Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 44 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Article 90 of the Constitution Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed in order to organize and streamline the Assembly and the representatives, especially in relation to the work of the Executive, Judiciary and Parliament branches, based on various articles of the constitution, especially its ninetieth article. The structure of the members of this commission is as follows:

  1. One representative from each specialized commission of the Assembly
  2. Eight representatives elected by the heads of branches and the board of directors of the Assembly as permanent members
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Education, Research and Technology Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 46 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Education, Research and Technology Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly shall be formed in accordance with the provisions of the regulations to perform its assigned duties in the areas of general education, technical and vocational education, higher education and research and technology matters in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 47 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Social Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed to perform the assigned duties in the scope of administrative and employment affairs, labor, occupation, labor relations and cooperation in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internal Affairs of the Country and Councils Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 53 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Internal Affairs of the Country and Councils Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed to perform its assigned duties within the scope of domestic policy, councils, non-civil affairs of municipalities and civil registration in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civil Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 55 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Civil Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed to perform its assigned duties in the fields of road maintenance and transportation, housing, urban and rural development, and civil affairs of municipalities in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cultural Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 56 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Cultural Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed to perform its assigned duties in the fields of culture and art, guidance and propaganda, radio and television and mass communication, physical education and youth, women and family in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judiciary and Legal Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 57 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Judiciary and Legal Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed to perform its assigned duties within the judicial and legal framework in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture, Water, Natural Resources and Environment Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> One of the commissions of the parliament of Iran

Pursuant to Article 58 of the Law on Internal Regulations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Agriculture, Water, Natural Resources and Environment Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is formed to perform its assigned duties in the fields of agriculture, water resources, livestock and poultry, fisheries, the environment and meteorology in accordance with the provisions of the regulation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Act to confronting the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security</span> Irans legal confrontation with the hostile actions of the Zionist regime

The Act to confronting the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security is a plan that was passed on May 20, 2020 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly in accordance to the Article 123 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Act is a comprehensive plan including 16 articles to counter the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against the people of Palestine, Islamic countries and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Act refers to the destructive role of the illegitimate regime of Zionist in disrupting regional and international peace and security and widespread and systematic violation of the human rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protection of the Islamic Revolution of the Palestinian People Act</span> Irans legal actions to support the Palestinians

The Protection of the Islamic Revolution of the Palestinian People Act is a plan that was passed on May 9, 1990 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The Act refers to the illegal occupation of Palestinian territories by the Zionist regime and the need to support the Palestinian people in restoring their legal rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Act to Obliging the Government to Provide Comprehensive Support to the Oppressed Palestinian People</span> Legal support of the Iranian government to the Palestinian people

The Act to Obliging the Government to Provide Comprehensive Support to the Oppressed Palestinian People is a plan that was passed on December 31, 2008 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly in accordance to the Article 123 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Act refers to the humanitarian aid of the Iranian nation to the oppressed nation of Palestine and condemnation of the crimes of the Zionist regime against them.

References

  1. 1 2 ""I Am Equally Human" Discrimination and Lack of Accessibility for People with Disabilities in Iran". Human Rights Watch. 16 June 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  2. ↑ "مدیرکل دفتر توانمندسازی معلولان بهزیستی: یازده درصد جمعیت کشور دارای درجاتی از معلولیت هستند". Iranian Students' News Agency. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  3. ↑ "قانون جامع حمایت از حقوق معلولان" [Comprehensive Law for the Protection of the Disabled]. مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی (in Persian). 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 Dec 2020.
  4. ↑ "قانون تصویب کنوانسیون حقوق افراد دارای معلولیت" [Law on the Ratification o of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]. مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی (in Persian). 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  5. ↑ "قانون حمایت از حقوق معلولان". روزنامه رسمی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (in Persian). 3 May 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  6. ↑ "قانون جامع حمایت از حقوق معلولان". مرکز پژوهش های مجلس شورای اسلامی (in Persian). 5 May 2004. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  7. ↑ "قانون جامع حمایت از حقوق معلولان" [Comprehensive Law for the Protection of the Disabled]. مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس جمهوری اسلامی ایران (in Persian). 5 May 2004. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  8. ↑ Fallahi, Bahare (13 January 2018). "مشکلات معلولان در فضای شهری تهران". شبکه مطالعات سیاست‌گذاری عمومی (in Persian). Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  9. ↑ "بازار داغ سرقت ولیچر عصای معلولان". همشهری آنلاین (in Persian). 21 Feb 2021. Retrieved 21 Feb 2021.
  10. ↑ "افزایش سرقت ویلچر و عصای معلولان در تهران" [Increase in the Theft of Wheelchairs and Canes of the Disabled in Tehran]. اقتصاد آنلاین (in Persian). 1 May 2020.
  11. ↑ Soltani, Masoumeh (7 February 2018). "ارزیابی عملکرد انجمن نابینایان ایران". شبکه مطالعات سیاست‌گذاری عمومی (in Persian). Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
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