Disappearance of Lauren Spierer

Last updated
Lauren Spierer
Born(1991-01-17)January 17, 1991 [1]
Scarsdale, New York, U.S.
DisappearedJune 3, 2011 (aged 20)
Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.
Status Missing for 12 years and 8 months
Nationality American

Lauren Spierer (born January 17, 1991) is an American woman who disappeared on June 3, 2011, following an evening at Kilroy's Sports Bar in Bloomington, Indiana. At the time, Spierer was a 20-year-old student at Indiana University. Though her disappearance generated national press coverage, Spierer is presumed dead and her case remains unsolved. [2]

Contents

History

Lauren Spierer was born January 17, 1991, to Charlene and Robert Spierer; her father was an accountant. She grew up in Scarsdale, New York, an affluent town in lower Westchester County. [3] [4] [5] Spierer graduated from Edgemont High School in 2009 and enrolled at Indiana University, where she was studying textiles merchandising. [6] [7] Spierer was active in the Jewish community at IU and had spent the previous spring break planting trees in Israel on behalf of the Jewish National Fund. [8]

Spierer met her boyfriend, Jesse Wolff, and her friend, Jay Rosenbaum, years earlier at Camp Towanda, a summer camp in the mountain town of Honesdale, Pennsylvania. It was there she also met various other future IU students who later became Spierer's circle of friends when she enrolled at IU in 2009. [9] [10]

Disappearance

On the night she disappeared, Spierer was drinking with several friends. Wolff stated that he did not go out with Spierer or her friends that evening, texting back and forth with Spierer before he went to bed. [11] According to witnesses, Spierer was very intoxicated. [9] Bloomington police used video surveillance footage and witness statements to create a timeline of Spierer's whereabouts before her disappearance. [12]

Timeline

The timestamps in bold indicate surveillance footage. The other times mentioned are on the basis of witness statements.

Friday, June 3, 2011

Investigation

In August 2011, police conducted a nine-day search of the Sycamore Ridge Landfill in Pimento (south of Terre Haute) for clues in the disappearance. The landfill is where trash from Bloomington is hauled after a stop at a transfer station. The Bloomington Police Department, the Indiana University Police Department, and the FBI took part in the search. [16] [17] As of May 24, 2013, investigators had received 3,060 tips on Spierer's disappearance, 100 of them received during the first half of 2013. [18]

In April 2015, the Bloomington Police announced that they were investigating a possible link between Spierer's disappearance and the murder of another IU student, Hannah Wilson. Wilson went missing on April 24, 2015, after visiting Kilroy's, the same bar that Spierer visited the night she disappeared. Wilson was last seen getting into a taxi in front of the bar and driving away. Her body was found the next morning in Brown County. A local man named Daniel Messel was arrested for the murder after his cell phone was discovered near the body. [19] In July 2015, it was concluded that the two cases are unrelated and any similarities between the two cases were coincidental.

On January 28, 2016, the FBI and other police agencies investigated a property in the 2900 block of Old Morgantown Road in Martinsville, approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of Bloomington. According to a statement released by the FBI, investigators were "following up on leads and tips in Morgan County regarding the disappearance of Lauren Spierer." The property was connected to a man, Justin Wagers, who resided there with his mother and stepfather. Wagers was suspected of exposing himself to numerous local women. [20] [21]

Investigators searched the property with cadaver dogs, which indicated potential evidence. Anthropologists conducted a dig and sifted dirt from the barn where the cadaver dogs hit, but found nothing. [22] [23] Investigators also towed a white truck from the property belonging to Wagers. [20] [21]

Theories

A number of theories have emerged in reference to what happened to Spierer that evening. Spierer's parents have stated that they believe their daughter is dead. Based on her level of intoxication, they also felt that she may have been drugged while at the bar. "We felt somebody could have slipped something into her drink at Kilroy's," said Robert Spierer. The family has voiced suspicions about the men she was with that evening, as well as Wolff, since they refused to take police-issued polygraphs and retained lawyers soon after Spierer's disappearance. While the parents have not made any specific accusations, they do believe the two know more than they have told police so far. [24] The men responded that they have taken privately administered polygraphs, as well as one from the FBI. [5] Since they do not trust the Bloomington police, they say, they have retained lawyers. [25]

Accidental overdose

Regarding Spierer's level of intoxication, her friends and Wolff told police that she used drugs in addition to alcohol on the night leading up to her disappearance. Wolff's mother alleged that Spierer was asked to leave the summer camp where she met her son and Rosenbaum years earlier because of drug use. "This poor little girl is not with us today because of her drug abuse," she said. [25] On September 2, 2010, nine months before her disappearance, Spierer was arrested on charges of public intoxication and illegal consumption. [26] [27] After her disappearance, police found a "small amount of cocaine" in her room. [28]

Rosenbaum told investigators that Spierer consumed alcohol, snorted cocaine and crushed up Klonopin tablets that evening. Her rare heart condition— long QT syndrome—added to the danger of drug use. [29] Police addressed rumors that implied Spierer may have overdosed and those with her may have hidden her body to avoid criminal charges. [30] Bo Dietl, a private investigator hired by the Spierer family, doubts that a fatal drug overdose could be enough motive to hide her death; he cited the prevalence of drug abuse on the IU campus. "Every kid's buying pot, cocaine, drinking, pills," he said. "I mean, it's all over the place. So that really can't be the motive behind it." [9] [29]

Stranger abduction

The police have also acknowledged they have not ruled out other possibilities, such as abduction by a stranger. [30] Spierer's parents have previously stated that they do not believe her disappearance was a random abduction. [31]

Daniel Messel

In 2017, Brown County prosecutor Ted Adams reported he believed Daniel Messel could be connected to Spierer's disappearance. In 2016, Messel was convicted of killing another IU student, Hannah Wilson, in 2015. Wilson had only been reported missing for one day when her body was found in a desolate field; she had been bludgeoned to death. Messel's cell phone was discovered at her feet. [32] Messel has never been charged in connection with Spierer's case. [33]

Civil lawsuits

Spierer's parents filed civil lawsuits against Rossman, Rosenbaum, and Beth for their involvement with their daughter leading up to her disappearance. The suits accused the defendants of negligence, alleging they supplied Spierer with alcohol after she was already "visibly intoxicated," then neglected to assure she returned safely to her apartment, which likely led to her death. [34] The family stated they hoped the lawsuit would lead to the defendants admitting more information about what occurred the night of Spierer's disappearance. "I truly don't think it was a random abduction, I think that somebody that Lauren knew was responsible for the events of that evening," Spierer's mother said. As part of the suit, they subpoenaed private cell phone and academic records spanning 134 days before and after the night Spierer disappeared, a move the defendants’ lawyers labeled a "fishing expedition." [35]

In 2013, federal judge Tanya Walton Pratt dismissed the suit against Beth after determining he had no duty of care for Spierer. [36] [37]

In 2014, Pratt dismissed the suit against the other two men, finding: "...there could be any number of theories as to what happened to Lauren and what, if any, injuries she may have sustained. Without evidence to prove these theories, it would be impossible for a jury to determine if whatever happened to Spierer was a natural and probable consequence of her intoxication, without any other intervening acts that would break the causal chain." [38] [39] Spierer's parents appealed the ruling, but the dismissal was upheld by a federal appeals court in 2015. [40] [41] [42] Lawyers for the men have stated that their clients have cooperated fully with police and the private investigators hired by the Spierer family, and that all of them have passed private polygraphs. "They've been interviewed and interviewed and interviewed, and to say they've been less than forthcoming is just not accurate," said Chapman, who represents Beth and Rohn. [9] [11] To date, none of the defendants have been named as suspects in Spierer's disappearance. [43]

In the media

The HLN show, Real Life Nightmare, detailed the Lauren Spierer case in an hourlong episode called "Night of No Return. [44] ” Spierer's case has been covered in multiple podcasts, including: Crime Junkie, True Crime Garage, Going West: True Crime, True Crime All The Time Unsolved, Trace Evidence, and Not Another True Crime Podcast. [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50]

The intense press coverage of the disappearance has been dubbed an example of missing white woman syndrome, a phenomenon wherein the news media disproportionately covers missing-person cases that involve young, white, upper-middle class females. [51] [52] [53] The Indiana Daily Student , IU's student paper, ran a story that documented the disparity between their own coverage of Spierer's disappearance and their coverage of another local disappearance, Crystal Grubb, 29, who was also white but came from a working-class family wherein many relatives had criminal histories. Following Grubb's disappearance in 2010, the Daily Student ran a total of seven stories on the case compared to multiple front-page articles and the extensive national awareness of the Spierer case. [54] [55]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Kristin Smart</span> 1996 murder in California, United States

Kristin Denise Smart was an American woman murdered by Paul Flores at the end of her first year on the campus of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Johnny Gosch</span> American boy who went missing in 1982

John David Gosch was a paperboy in West Des Moines, Iowa, who disappeared between 6 and 7 a.m. on September 5, 1982. He is presumed to have been kidnapped. Gosch's picture was among the first to be featured on milk cartons as part of a campaign to find missing children. As of 2024, there have been no arrests made and the case is now considered cold, but remains open.

Missing white woman syndrome is a term used by social scientists and media commentators to denote disproportionate media coverage, especially on television, of missing-person cases toward white females compared to those females of colour or males. The syndrome also encompasses disproportionate media attention to females who are young, attractive, white, and upper middle class. Although the term was coined in the context of missing-person cases, it is sometimes used of coverage of other violent crimes. The phenomenon has been highlighted in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and other predominantly white countries, as well as South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Joyce Chiang</span> American lawyer

Joyce Chiang was an American attorney with the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service who disappeared on January 9, 1999, in Washington, D.C., and was later found dead. The story of her disappearance and the discovery of her remains in the Potomac River, which drew only local news coverage at the time, was rediscovered and received some national attention in the wake of the similar disappearance of Chandra Levy in May 2001. Police initially promoted the idea that she had committed suicide, but a decade later said she had been the victim of a robbery-related homicide. They identified two suspects but no one was charged with the crime. Chiang was the sister of future California State Treasurer John Chiang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Molly Bish</span> Murder of American girl

Molly Anne Bish was a sixteen-year-old American girl from rural Worcester County, Massachusetts, who disappeared while working as a lifeguard in her hometown of Warren, Massachusetts. Her remains were found three years later in neighboring Hampden County after what became the largest search in the state's history. Police believe Bish was the victim of a homicide and several suspects have been publicly identified, but the case remains officially unresolved as of 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Jennifer Kesse</span> Florida disappearance case

Jennifer Joyce Kesse is an American woman from Orlando, Florida, who has been missing since January 23, 2006. Shortly after she vanished, Kesse's car was discovered parked around a mile from her home. Security footage recorded a person parking Kesse's car and walking away; the person could not be identified due to poor camera quality and the absence of any visible distinguishing physical features. The case received local and national press attention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Natalee Holloway</span> Case of an American woman who disappeared in Aruba

Natalee Ann Holloway was an 18-year-old American high school senior whose disappearance made international news after she vanished on May 30, 2005, in Aruba. Holloway lived in Mountain Brook, Alabama, and graduated from Mountain Brook High School on May 24, 2005, days before the trip. Her disappearance resulted in a media sensation in the United States. The prime suspect, Joran van der Sloot, has made conflicting statements over the years about his involvement, including a confession to killing her. Her remains have not been found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herb Baumeister</span> American serial killer

Herbert Richard Baumeister was an American businessman and suspected serial killer. A resident of the Indianapolis suburb of Westfield, Indiana, Baumeister was under investigation for murdering over a dozen men in the early 1990s, most of whom were last seen at gay bars. Police found the remains of eleven men, eight identified, on Baumeister's property. Baumeister committed suicide after a warrant was issued for his arrest. He was later linked to a series of murders of at least eleven men along Interstate 70, which occurred in the early 1980s to the early 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Maura Murray</span> 2004 disappearance of American woman

Maura Murray is an American woman who disappeared on the evening of February 9, 2004, after a car crash on Route 112 near Woodsville, New Hampshire, a village in the town of Haverhill. Her whereabouts remain unknown. She was a 21-year-old nursing student completing her junior year at the University of Massachusetts Amherst at the time of her disappearance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Madeleine McCann</span> Unsolved 2007 missing-person case

Madeleine Beth McCann is a British missing person who, at the age of 3, disappeared from her bed in a holiday apartment in Praia da Luz, Lagos, Portugal, on the evening of 3 May 2007. The Daily Telegraph described her disappearance as "the most heavily reported missing-person case in modern history". Madeleine's whereabouts remain unknown, although German prosecutors believe she is dead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Ann Gotlib</span> American missing person

Ann Gotlib was a Soviet immigrant to the United States who disappeared at the age of 12 from the premises of a Louisville, Kentucky mall on June 1, 1983. The case to find her abductor was covered heavily by the Louisville news media and stretched for the next twenty-five years until a person of interest was eventually identified.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Morgan Nick</span> Child who disappeared in Arkansas, 1995

Morgan Chauntel Nick is an American girl who was abducted at a Little League Baseball game. Her mother is known for creating the Morgan Nick Foundation, which helps people find their missing children.

Elizabeth Ann Holloway is an American speech pathologist and motivational speaker. She became widely known in the international media after the disappearance of her teenage daughter Natalee during her high school graduation trip to Aruba in 2005. Subsequently, Holloway became a speaker on the topic of personal safety. She founded the International Safe Travels Foundation—to educate the public to help them travel more safely— and the Natalee Holloway Resource Center to aid families of missing persons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Yingying Zhang</span> American murder case

The kidnapping and murder of Yingying Zhang occurred in Urbana, Illinois, on June 9, 2017, when Zhang, a visiting Chinese scholar at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, was abducted by Brendt Allen Christensen, a Champaign resident and former physics graduate student at the university. Christensen lured Zhang into his car at a bus stop on campus posing as a police officer with the promise of a ride after she missed a bus, but then took her to his apartment where he raped and murdered her while his wife was out of town for the weekend.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Disappearance of Laureen Rahn</span> 1980 disappearance of an American teenager

Laureen Ann Rahn is an American teenager who vanished under mysterious circumstances from her home in Manchester, New Hampshire. On the night of her disappearance, Rahn was accompanied by a male and female friend at the apartment she shared with her mother, Judith, who was out on a date with her boyfriend.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Rachael Runyan</span> Unsolved murder

The murder of Rachael Runyan is an unsolved child murder which occurred in Sunset, Utah, on August 26, 1982, when a three-year-old girl was abducted from a playground and murdered by an unknown individual. Her body was found three weeks later in a creek bed in nearby Morgan County.

Mackenzie Nicole Cowell was a 17-year-old American youth who went missing and was murdered in February 2010. She was last seen at the beauty school she attended in Wenatchee, Washington. Her body was discovered on the banks of the Columbia River four days later on February 13, 2010. A post-mortem examination determined she had been strangled, stabbed in the neck, and had suffered blunt force trauma to the head.

The Lewis–Clark Valley murders refer to a cluster of unsolved murders and disappearances that occurred in the Lewiston-Clarkston metropolitan area of northern Idaho between 1979 and 1982. Law enforcement investigators have identified four victims and possibly a fifth that are connected to a single suspect.

In August 2021, 22-year-old American woman Gabrielle Venora Petito was killed by her fiancé Brian Christopher Laundrie while they were traveling together on a vanlife journey across the United States. The trip was planned to last for four months and began on July 2, 2021, but Petito disappeared on August 27.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Larry Hall (suspected serial killer)</span> American convict and convicted serial killer

Larry Dewayne Hall is an American murderer and suspected serial killer. An aficionado of the American Revolution and Civil War, Hall traveled around the Midwest for historical reenactments and is alleged to have abducted, raped, tortured, and murdered multiple girls and women.

References

  1. ↑ Tonsing, Abby (February 24, 2012). "Lauren Spierer case: Parents offering $250,000 reward for information". Herald Times Online.
  2. ↑ "Lauren Spierer Still Missing, Family Pleading for Answers – WBIW". 3 June 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  3. ↑ "Lauren Spierer case: Men say parents' requests too broad". Lohud.com. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  4. ↑ Corbin, Cristina (1 June 2013). "Two years later, mystery surrounds disappearance of Indiana University student Lauren Spierer - Fox News". Foxnews.com. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  5. 1 2 West, Evan (2012-05-30). "The Lauren Spierer Mystery, Unraveled". Indianapolis Monthly.
  6. ↑ Brice, Diana (October 4, 2011). "Edgemont Still Hopes Lauren Spierer Will Be Found". The Greenburgh Daily Voice.
  7. ↑ Lohr, David (June 3, 2013). "Lauren Spierer Update: Two Years, 3,060 Tips And No Sign Of Missing College Student". The Huffington Post.
  8. ↑ Tobin, Andrew (June 16, 2011). "Jewish Groups Spearhead Effort To Find Missing Indiana University Student". The Jewish Daily forward.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cohen, Shawn (June 4, 2012). "Lauren Spierer mystery: New accounts say she staggered away after night of heavy drinking, drug use". The Journal News. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Friends of Lauren Spierer Reflect, Take Action". USA Today. November 10, 2011. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011.
  11. 1 2 Cohen, Shawn (June 3, 2011). "Missing student's beau's parents fume at cops, media". USA Today.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tonsing, Abby (June 16, 2011). "Lauren Spierer search: Timeline, map of missing IU student's last known whereabouts released by Bloomington police". Herald Times Online. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  13. ↑ Corbin, Cristina (June 1, 2013). "Two years later, mystery surrounds disappearance of Indiana University student Lauren Spierer". Fox News.
  14. ↑ Tonsing, Abby (16 June 2011). "Lauren Spierer search: Timeline, map of missing IU student's last known whereabouts released by Bloomington police". The Herald Times. Bloomington, IN. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  15. ↑ Wang, Stephanie (May 31, 2013). "Timeline: The search for Lauren Spierer". Indianapolis Star. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014.
  16. ↑ Tonsing, Abby (16 August 2011). "Lauren Spierer search: Landfill search started by Bloomington police". The Herald Times. Bloomington, Indiana. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  17. ↑ Tonsing, Abby (26 August 2011). "Lauren Spierer case: No clues found as landfill search concludes". The Herald Times. Bloomington, Indiana. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  18. ↑ lohr, david (June 3, 2013). "Lauren Spierer Update: Two Years, 3,060 Tips And No Sign Of Missing College Student". The Huffington Post.
  19. ↑ "Police probe link between murdered student, disappearance of Lauren Spierer". Fox News Chicago. April 28, 2015. Archived from the original on April 29, 2015.
  20. 1 2 "FBI confirms link to Spierer case in Martinsville raid". idsnews.com. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  21. 1 2 Mahadeo, Rafael Sanchez, Brittany Lewis, Todd Connor, Melissa (29 January 2016). "Nothing found during FBI search in Martinsville in connection to Lauren Spierer disappearance". theindychannel.com. Retrieved 29 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ↑ "FBI raid of properties in Martinsville and Trafalgar connected to Lauren Spierer investigation". WTHR. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  23. ↑ "FBI, Bloomington police investigate Martinsville property in ongoing Lauren Spierer investigation". FOX 59. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  24. ↑ Cohen, Shawn (April 24, 2012). "Parents believe missing Indiana student is no longer alive". USA Today.
  25. 1 2 "Missing student's beau's parents fume at cops, media". USA Today. 3 June 2013.
  26. ↑ Tonsing, Abby (30 June 2011). "Who's who in the Lauren Spierer case". heraldtimesonline.com. The Herald-Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  27. ↑ Brian Ross; Brian Epstein (24 June 2016). "5 Years After She Vanished, New Hope in Lauren Spierer Case". abcnews.go.com. ABC News . Retrieved 29 June 2016. The 20-year-old had been arrested for public intoxication nine months before her disappearance...
  28. ↑ Brian Ross; Brian Epstein (24 June 2016). "5 Years After She Vanished, New Hope in Lauren Spierer Case". abcnews.go.com. ABC News . Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  29. 1 2 Tonsing, Abby; Mullins, Christy (July 18, 2011). "Police: Cocaine use a problem, and not just among IU students". Herald Times. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  30. 1 2 "Did Lauren Spierer die of a drug overdose?". WDRB. June 13, 2011. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
  31. ↑ Truesdell, Jeff (2015-04-27). "Murder of Indiana University Student and Lauren Spierer Mystery 'Eerily Similar,' Cops Say". People.
  32. ↑ Buckley, Madeline. "Hannah Wilson trial: A night of celebration gone horribly wrong". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  33. ↑ "Lauren Spierer's family still searching 9 years after her disappearance". WRTV. 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  34. ↑ "Lauren Spierer | Suit over IU student's disappearance allowed to stand in part". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  35. ↑ Wilson, Charles D. (April 22, 2014). "Spierer friends say parents' request was too broad". WTHR Indianapolis. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  36. ↑ Lin, Jashin (December 2, 2013). "Judge Dismisses Case Against One Man In Lauren Spierer Suit". Indiana public media. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  37. ↑ Disis, Jill. "Judge dismisses lawsuit in Ind. co-ed's disappearance". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  38. ↑ Nguyen, Hoa (October 1, 2014). "Lauren Spierer's parents' suit tossed out by federal judge". The Journal News.
  39. ↑ Spierer v. Rossman, Case No. 1:13-cv-00991-TWP-TAB ( S.D. Ind. 2014-09-30).
  40. ↑ Guerra, Kristine (October 3, 2014). "Lauren Spierer's parents appeal negligence suit in daughter's disappearance". Indianapolis Star.
  41. ↑ Coyne, Matt (August 14, 2015). "Lauren Spierer's parents fall short in appeals court". The Indy Star.
  42. ↑ Spierer v. Rossman, 798F.3d502 ( 7th Cir. 2015-08-14).
  43. ↑ "Lauren Spierer's Parents' Lawsuit Against Men Last Seen With Daughter Goes To Federal Court". Huffington Post. 2013-06-27.
  44. ↑ "'HLN Investigations' documentary details the disappearance of Lauren Spierer". wthr.com. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  45. ↑ "MISSING: Lauren Spierer". Crime Junkie Podcast. 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  46. ↑ "Lauren Spierer /// Episodes 91 /// 92". truecrimegarage.com. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  47. ↑ "Going West: True Crime - Lauren Spierer // 34 on Stitcher". Stitcher. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  48. ↑ "True Crime All The Time Unsolved - Podcast". Global Player. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  49. ↑ "003 - The Vanishing of Lauren Spierer". Trace Evidence. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  50. ↑ "Not Another True Crime Podcast: Where Is Lauren Spierer?". natcp.libsyn.com. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  51. ↑ Longnecker, Emily (September 25, 2021). "Indianapolis woman speaks about search for mother, says more needs to be done to help find missing people of color". WTHR. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  52. ↑ Davis, Victoria (June 19, 2014). "Hidden Identities". Indianapolis Reporter.
  53. ↑ Barton, Robin (August 22, 2011). "The "Missing White Woman Syndrome"".
  54. ↑ Majchrowicz, Michael (November 9, 2011). "Beyond the posters: How demographics factored in Spierer, Grubb cases". Indiana Daily Student. Archived from the original on March 4, 2014.
  55. ↑ Cohen, Shawn (June 8, 2011). "Another Bloomington mystery: Killer never found for other woman who went missing". The Journal News. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.