Douglas Houghton Campbell

Last updated • 2 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Douglas Houghton Campbell
Douglas Houghton Campbell (1859-1953).jpg
Douglas Houghton Campbell
BornDecember 19, 1859
Detroit, Michigan
DiedFebruary 24, 1953 (aged 92)
Stanford, California
Nationality American
Alma mater University of Michigan
Scientific career
Fields botany

Douglas Houghton Campbell (December 19, 1859 – February 24, 1953) was an American botanist and university professor. [1] : 48  He was one of the 15 founding professors at Stanford University. [2] His death was described as "the end of an era of a group of great plant morphologists." [3]

Campbell was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan. His father, James V. Campbell, was a member of the Supreme Court of the state of Michigan and a law professor at the University of Michigan. [3] Douglas Campbell graduated from Detroit High School in 1878, going on to study at the University of Michigan. He studied botany, learning new microscopy techniques, and becoming interested in cryptogrammic (deciduous) ferns. [1] He received his master's degree in 1882, and taught botany at Detroit High School while he completed his PhD research. He received his PhD in 1886, then travelled to Germany to learn more microscopy techniques. He developed a technique to embed plant material in paraffin to make fine cross-sections; he was one of the first if not the first to study plant specimens using this technique, which had been newly developed by zoologists. He was also a pioneer in the study of microscopic specimens using vital stains. [4]

When Campbell returned to the United States he took up a professorship at Indiana University (1888 to 1891), writing the textbook Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany . In 1891 he became the founding head of the botany department at Stanford University and remained at Stanford for the remainder of his career, retiring in 1925. [2] He studied mosses and liverworts, producing The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns in 1895. This book, together with its subsequent editions in 1905 and 1918, became the authoritative work on the subject and "firmly established Campbell's reputation as one of the leading botanists of the United States." [4] His Lectures on the Evolution of Plants was published in 1899, and became widely used as a botany textbook. University Textbook of Botany was published in 1902, with fears expressed by colleagues that interest in pure research interest would prejudice its worth being found to be misplaced. [1] : 48  He also travelled extensively though the Pacific collecting samples and writing Outline of Plant Geography, published in 1926, about his travels.

Campbell was a member of a number of scientific institutions. He was president of the Botanical Society of America in 1913 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1910. [4] He was a member of the Linnaean Society of London, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, the International Association of Botanists, and the American Philosophical Society.

The standard author abbreviation Campb. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Jackson Hooker</span> 18th/19th-century English botanist

Sir William Jackson Hooker was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew he founded the Herbarium and enlarged the gardens and arboretum. The standard author abbreviation Hook. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Edward Smith (botanist)</span> English botanist (1759–1828)

Sir James Edward Smith was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asa Gray</span> American botanist (1810–1888)

Asa Gray is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century. His Darwiniana was considered an important explanation of how religion and science were not necessarily mutually exclusive. Gray was adamant that a genetic connection must exist between all members of a species. He was also strongly opposed to the ideas of hybridization within one generation and special creation in the sense of its not allowing for evolution. He was a strong supporter of Darwin, although Gray's theistic evolution was guided by a Creator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Gilson Farlow</span> American botanist (1844–1919)

William Gilson Farlow was an American botanist, born in Boston, Massachusetts, and educated at Harvard, where, after several years of European study, he became adjunct professor of botany in 1874 and professor of cryptogamic botany in 1879.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann Hedwig</span> German botanist

Johann Hedwig, also styled as Johannes Hedwig, was a German botanist notable for his studies of mosses. He is sometimes called the "father of bryology". He is known for his particular observations of sexual reproduction in the cryptogams. Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Ioannis Hedwig or Ioanne Hedwig. The standard author abbreviation Hedw. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward Lee Greene</span> American botanist (1843-1915)

Edward Lee Greene was an American botanist known for his numerous publications including the two-part Landmarks of Botanical History and the describing of over 4,400 species of plants in the American West.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rogers McVaugh</span>

Rogers McVaugh was a research professor of botany and the UNC Herbarium's curator of Mexican plants. He was also Adjunct Research Scientist of the Hunt Institute in Carnegie Mellon University and a Professor Emeritus of botany in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Hunt Painter</span>

William Hunt Painter was an English botanist who made a significant contribution to the science of Derbyshire vascular plant flora. He was a keen and wide-ranging collector of plant specimens, and was a member of the Botanical Exchange Club. In 1889 he published the first in a series of four books, all by different authors and spanning 120 years, all called The Flora of Derbyshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Francis Atkinson</span> American botanist and mycologist

George Francis Atkinson was an American botanist and mycologist.

The University of Michigan Herbarium is the herbarium of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the United States. One of the most-extensive botanical collections in the world, the herbarium has some 1.7 million specimens of vascular plants, algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens, and is a valuable resource for teaching and research in biology and botany. The herbarium includes many rare and extinct species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Moore (botanist born 1808)</span> Scottish botanist

David Moore was a Scottish botanist who served as director of the Irish National Botanic Gardens for over 40 years.

Oswald Tippo was an American botanist and educator. Tippo became the first chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1970.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William C. Steere</span> American botanist and bryologist

William Campbell Steere (1907–1989) was an American botanist known as an expert on bryophytes, especially arctic and tropical American species. The standard author abbreviation Steere is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aaron John Sharp</span> American botanist

Aaron John Sharp, known professionally as Jack Sharp, was an American botanist and bryologist, considered an expert on mosses. The standard author abbreviation Sharp is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

William Albert Setchell was an American botanist and marine phycologist who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, where he headed the Botany Department. Among his publications are the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, a multi-volume specimen collection of dried algae, and the Algae of Northwestern America, a reference work.

John Milton Bigelow was an American physician and botanist. He had a successful medical practice, and also, a keen interest in botany - especially native plants with medical applications. He participated as a botanist and surgeon on two important expeditions through the American Southwest—the Mexican Boundary Survey and the 35th Parallel Expedition for the Pacific Railroad Surveys. He also amassed a significant collection of California plants that yielded many new species. He communicated his botanical results with the three top American botanists of the day, John Torrey, Asa Gray, and George Engelmann. Many of his botanical discoveries were named after or by him. He contributed to the botanical and medical literature of his day.

Howard Alvin Crum was an American botanist dedicated to the study of mosses, and was a renowned expert on the North American bryoflora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugo Leander Blomquist</span> Swedish bryologist

Hugo Leander Blomquist was a Swedish-born American botanist. His well rounded expertise encompassed fungi, bacteria, bryophytes, algae, grasses, and ferns. The standard author abbreviation H.L.Blomq. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Stanley Adair Cain was a botanist and pioneer of plant ecology and environmental studies.

Harvey Alfred Miller was an American botanist, specializing in Pacific Islands bryophytes.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Makers of American Botany, Harry Baker Humphrey, Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435
  2. 1 2 Wiggins, Ira L. (July–September 1953). "Douglas Houghton Campbell in the classroom and on the campus". American Fern Journal. 43 (3): 97–103. JSTOR   1545764.
  3. 1 2 Steere, William C. (1953). "Douglas Houghton Campbell (1858 - 1953)". The Bryologist. 56 (2): 127–133. JSTOR   3240354.
  4. 1 2 3 Smith, Gilbert M. (1956). Douglas Houghton Campbell 1859-1953: A Biographical Memoir. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.
  5. ↑ International Plant Names Index.  Campb.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.