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Pyongyang is the capital and largest city of North Korea,where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about 109 km (68 mi) upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 population census,it has a population of 3,255,288. Pyongyang is a directly administered city with equal status to North Korean provinces.
Lelang Commandery was a commandery of the Han Dynasty established after conquering Wiman Joseon in 108 BC and lasted until Goguryeo conquered it in 313. The Lelang Commandery extend the rule of the Four Commanderies of Han as far south as the Han River (Korea),which largely follows along the boundary between modern day North and South Korea. South Korean scholars have described its administrative areas as being limited to the Pyongan and Hwanghae regions,whose southern bounds lie roughly 75 miles North of the Han River.
Dongting Lake is a large,shallow lake in northeastern Hunan Province,China. It is a flood basin of the Yangtze River,so its volume depends on the season. The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their location relative to the lake:Hubei means "North of the Lake" and Hunan,"South of the Lake".
Gojoseon was the first kingdom on the Korean Peninsula that lasted until 108 BCE. According to the legend of the kingdom,the kingdom was established by the founder named Dangun. Gojoseon possessed the most advanced culture in the Korean Peninsula at the time and was an important marker in the progression towards the more centralized states of later periods. The addition of Go,meaning "ancient",is used to distinguish the kingdom from the Joseon dynasty that emerged later in 1392 CE.
Chun may refer to:
The Four Commanderies of Han were Chinese commanderies located in the north of the Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula from around the end of the second century BC through the early 4th AD,for the longest lasting. The commanderies were set up to control the populace in the former Gojoseon area as far south as the Han River,with a core area at Lelang near present-day Pyongyang by Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty in early 2nd century BC after his conquest of Wiman Joseon. As such,these commanderies are seen as Chinese colonies by some scholars. Though disputed by North Korean scholars,Western sources generally describe the Lelang Commandery as existing within the Korean peninsula,and extend the rule of the four commanderies as far south as the Han River. However,South Korean scholars assumed its administrative areas to Pyongan and Hwanghae provinces.
The Eight Views of Xiaoxiang are beautiful scenes of the Xiaoxiang region,in what is now modern Hunan Province,China,that were the subject of the poems and depicted in well-known drawings and paintings from the time of the Song Dynasty. The Eight Views of Xiaoxiang can refer either to various sets of paintings which have been done on this theme,the various verse series on the same theme,or to combinations of both. The Xiaoxiang theme is part of a long poetic and artistic legacy.
The Eight Views is an East Asian term used to allude to the most beautiful or otherwise significant scenes of a certain area. It is a term often used in East Asia. Historically,various series of eight views were produced;in some cases,such as in the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang multiple series,a whole artistic tradition was developed,with a number of artists doing versions of the series. Series of eight views typically appeared in poetry and paintings in the olden times;and now,they may appear in local governments' advertisements to tourists.
The Eight Views of Korea are a collection of the beautiful scenery of Korea,that are known today and that have been defined in the past.
Ryongwang Pavilion is a scenic overlook located in the central district of Pyongyang,North Korea. Located on the bank of the Taedong River,the pavilion was first constructed during the Goguryeo dynasty as "Sansu Pavilion",and was part of the defenses of the walled city of Pyongyang. It is labeled as National Treasure #16 in North Korea.
Rail transport in North Korea is provided by Korean State Railway which is the only rail operator in North Korea. It has a network of over 6,000 km of track,of which the vast majority is standard gauge;there is,however,nearly 400 km of narrow-gauge lines (762 mm) in various locations around the country.
Song poetry refers to Classical Chinese poetry of or typical of the Song dynasty of China (960–1279). The dynasty was established by the Zhao family in China in 960 and lasted until 1279.
Xiaoxiang,also transliterated XiaoXiang,Hsiao Hsiang,and Chiu Chiang,in some older sources,refers to the "lakes and rivers" region in south-central China south of the middle-reaches of the Yangtze River and corresponding,more or less,with Hunan province. Xiaoxiang is less a precise geographic entity than a concept. Xiaoxiang is used in the genre of Xiaoxiang poetry of Classical Chinese poetry and in literature for symbolic purposes,in part because this was a significant area,which at least through the Song dynastic era China was still considered a wild place full of malaria,barbarians,and wild beasts. Indeed,for much of early Chinese history,this area belonged not to China,but to the independent state of Chu. Beginning at least with Qu Yuan,in the third century BCE,this region came to symbolically represent the unjust exile of a talented minister or government official by an unappreciative king or emperor.
Xiaoxiang poetry is one of the Classical Chinese poetry genres,one which has been practiced for over a thousand years. It is a poetry of scenic wonders,a poetry of officials exiled for their views and beliefs,and a poetry of dissent against submitting to government control. Xiaoxiang poetry is geographically associated with the Xiaoxiang region,around and south of Dongting Lake. The Xiaoxiang genre of literature is often associated with similarly themed Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting. Famous poets in this genre include Qu Yuan,Song Yu,Jia Yi,Wang Yi,Yu Xin,Shen Quanqi,Zhang Yue,Li Bai,Du Fu,Han Yu,Liu Zongyuan,and Su Shi.
The Ulmil Pavilion is an historic structure located on Moran Hill in Pyongyang,North Korea.
The Yanzi chunqiu,or Annals of Master Yan,is an ancient Chinese text dating to the Warring States period (475–221 BC) that contains a collection of stories,speeches,and remonstrations attributed to Yan Ying,a famous official from the State of Qi who served Duke Jing of Qi. It comprises 215 stories arranged into eight chapters:the first six chapters contain accounts of Yan Ying's remonstrations with the rulers he served,while the seventh chapter contains variants on stories from the first six chapters,and the eighth chapter has anti-Confucian episodes that the Han dynasty imperial librarian Liu Xiang—who compiled the received version of the Yanzi chunqiu in the late 1st century BC—considered to be inconsistent with the Chinese Classics. The Yanzi chunqiu incorporates themes from both Confucianism and Mohism,and does not fit easily into any single philosophical tradition.
Twelve Views of Bayu are popular scenic views in and around the city of Chongqing,China. Ba and Yu are old names of Chongqing in Imperial times. Influenced by Eight Views of Xiaoxiang in Hunan Province,people in Chongqing listed their own most beloved views during the reign of Tianshun Emperor of Ming Dynasty. Scenic views in the list changed throughout the history. Some scenic views appeared in earlier lists no longer exist in modern days due to the change of physical geography,landscapes and land-uses.
Lintun Commandery was a colony set in the Korean peninsula by the Han dynasty. Lintun Commandery was one of the Four Commanderies of Han along with Lelang Commandery,Xuantu Commandery and Zhenfan Commandery.
Zhenfan Commandery was one of the remnants of the Four Commanderies,which was a colony set up in the northern Korean Peninsula by the Han Chinese between 108 BC and 82 BC.
Nakrang Kingdom was a kingdom located in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula according to Samguk Sagi. The kingdom's sovereignty,however,is debated. According to the ancient Korean record of Samguk Sagi,the King of Nakrang named Choi Ri met the Prince Hodong of Goguryeo and let him marry his daughter,the Princess of Nakrang. When Prince Hodong asked the princess to break drums and horns in the Nakrang's armory to prevent the kingdom's guards from alerting the attack by Goguryeo,the princess followed Hodong's instructions,leading to Nakrang being conquered by Goguryeo.
References
- ↑ Eight Views of Pyongyang Archived 2007-09-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)