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Pyongyang is the capital and largest city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK),commonly known as North Korea,where it is sometimes labeled as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about 109 km (68 mi) upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 population census,it has a population of 3,255,288. Pyongyang is a directly administered city with a status equal to that of the North Korean provinces.
The Lelang Commandery was a commandery of the Han dynasty established after it had conquered Wiman Joseon in 108 BC and lasted until Goguryeo conquered it in 313. The Lelang Commandery extended the rule of the Four Commanderies of Han as far south as the Han River in present-day South Korea. South Korean scholars have described its administrative areas as being limited to the Pyongan and Hwanghae regions,whose southern bounds lie roughly 75 miles north of the Han River.
Dongting Lake is a large,shallow lake in northeastern Hunan Province,China. It is a flood basin of the Yangtze River,so its volume depends on the season. The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their location relative to the lake:Hubei means "North of the Lake" and Hunan,"South of the Lake".
Dong Yuan was a Chinese painter.
The Eight Views of Xiaoxiang are scenes of the Xiaoxiang region,in what is now modern Hunan Province,China,that were the subject of the poems and depicted in well-known drawings and paintings from the time of the Song Dynasty. The Eight Views of Xiaoxiang can refer either to various sets of paintings which have been done on this theme,the various verse series on the same theme,or to combinations of both. The Xiaoxiang theme is part of a long poetic and artistic legacy.
The Eight Views of Taiwan have been variously defined throughout Taiwan's history.
The Eight Views is an East Asian term used to allude to the most beautiful or otherwise significant scenes of a certain area. It is a term often used in East Asia. Historically,various series of eight views were produced;in some cases,such as in the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang multiple series,a whole artistic tradition was developed,with a number of artists doing versions of the series. Series of eight views typically appeared in poetry and paintings in the olden times;and now,they may appear in local governments' advertisements to tourists.
The Eight Views of Korea are a collection of places that are considered to capture the beauty of Korea. The concept of Eight Views is shared across East Asia,with the example of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang during the Song Dynasty of China.
Ryongwang Pavilion is a scenic overlook located in the central district of Pyongyang,North Korea. Located on the bank of the Taedong River,the pavilion was first constructed during the Goguryeo dynasty as "Sansu Pavilion",and was part of the defenses of the walled city of Pyongyang. It is labeled as National Treasure #16 in North Korea.
The Xiao River is the Main Stream of the upper Xiang River located in Yongzhou,Hunan. As of 2011 Water Census of China,it has a length of 365 kilometres (227 mi) from the headwaters to the confluence in the Ping Island of Yongzhou with the Xiang River West Branch originating from Guangxi. With the tributaries,its drainage basin area is 12,094 square kilometres (4,670 sq mi). Night rain on the Xiaoxiang,one of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang,is located in this river.
Song poetry refers to Classical Chinese poetry of or typical of the Song dynasty of China,established by the Zhao family in China in 960 and lasted until 1279.
Xiaoxiang,also transliterated XiaoXiang,Hsiao Hsiang,and Chiu Chiang,in some older sources,refers to the "lakes and rivers" region in south-central China south of the middle-reaches of the Yangtze River and corresponding,more or less,with Hunan province. Xiaoxiang is less a precise geographic entity than a concept. Xiaoxiang is used in the genre of Xiaoxiang poetry of Classical Chinese poetry and in literature for symbolic purposes,in part because this was a significant area,which at least through the Song dynastic era China was still considered a wild place full of malaria,barbarians,and wild beasts. Indeed,for much of early Chinese history,this area belonged not to China,but to the independent state of Chu. Beginning at least with Qu Yuan,in the third century BCE,this region came to symbolically represent the unjust exile of a talented minister or government official by an unappreciative king or emperor.
Xiaoxiang poetry is one of the Classical Chinese poetry genres,one which has been practiced for over a thousand years. It is a poetry of scenic wonders,a poetry of officials exiled for their views and beliefs,and a poetry of dissent against submitting to government control. Xiaoxiang poetry is geographically associated with the Xiaoxiang region,around and south of Dongting Lake. The Xiaoxiang genre of literature is often associated with similarly themed Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting. Famous poets in this genre include Qu Yuan,Song Yu,Jia Yi,Wang Yi,Yu Xin,Shen Quanqi,Zhang Yue,Li Bai,Du Fu,Han Yu,Liu Zongyuan,and Su Shi.
Song Di,courtesy name Fugu,was a minor government official,writer,and a painter of the Chinese painting tradition. He was one of three brothers,and part of the Song clan which had served in government offices for six generations. Song Di was part of the social milieu of a major artistic period of the Song dynasty,and is largely known through his interactions with famous figures of the period,such as Su Shi and Sima Guang. He is especially acknowledged as the original creator of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang.
Kui Prefecture,Kuizhou Circuit,or Kuizhou was initially established in 619 CE,as a renaming of the existing Xin Prefecture. Kuizhou was an important area from the beginning and through the end of the Tang dynasty of China,when it was alternatively part of several of the Circuits which made up typical large scale political structural organizations of the Tang era. Kuizhou continued as a political entity through the end of the Song dynasty,during which it was of Provincial level,a typical large scale political organization of Song era. Kui Prefecture was located in what is now eastern Chongqing. During the Song dynasty,Kuizhou's capital was located in what is now Fengjie County,Chongqing,and the extent of the province was to what today includes Chongqing,eastern Sichuan,and Guizhou. Part of the importance of Kuizhou was related to its prominent location along the Yangzi River. Kui was also known for its spectacular scenerary,and being a location in which exiled poets wrote their laments.
Geese are an important motif in Chinese poetry. Examples of goose imagery have an important place in Chinese poetry ranging from the Shijing and the Chu Ci poets through the poets of Han poetry and later poets of Tang poetry such as Li Bai,Wang Wei,Du Fu,and the Xiaoxiang poetry,especially in the poetry of the Song dynastic era. Various poetic concepts could be communicated by the inclusion of the imagery of geese in a poem,and the understanding of allusions to a goose or geese can help provide key insights into the poems of Classical Chinese poetry. Chinese sources typically distinguish between two types of geese,the domestic goose,and the wild goose:of the two,the wild goose is the more important for poetry,whether as significant of migratory seasonal change,or as "bearing a message of love from afar",by persons separated by a great distance,or as the "lone goose",bereft of both mate and flock.
"Autumn Day in Kui Prefecture" is a poem by 8th-century Chinese poet Du Fu (712–770). The full title of this poem is Autumn Day in Kui Prefecture,A Song Submitted to Supervisor Zheng and Advisor Li,in One Hundred Rhymes. As a poem,"Autumn Day in Kui Prefecture" is an example of Tang poetry,which received considerable attention during the Song dynasty,in Song poetry,and later,even through modern times. During the Song dynasty Du Fu's "Autumn Day in Kui Prefecture" received particular attention,with the poem being subtly alluded to through rhyme-scheme referencing by Su Shi and his circle:in other words,Su Shi and the poets of his circle wrote poems which utilized the same rhyming words from Du Fu's poem,thus subtly referencing the sense and sentiment of Du Fu's line,but without overtly stating what might be censured as inappropriate. This allowed him and others to express opinions about government and society,without suffering the consequences,as Su Shi had previously done,in the Crow Terrace Poetry Trial,when his poetry was used as evidence resulting in his conviction and exile.
The Ulmil Pavilion (Korean: 을밀대) is an historic structure located on Moran Hill in Pyongyang,North Korea.
The North Korea–Russia border,according to the official Russian definition,consists of 17.3 kilometres (10.7 mi) of "terrestrial border" and 22.1 km of "maritime border". It is the shortest of the international borders of Russia.
Twelve Views of Bayu are popular scenic views in and around the city of Chongqing,China. Ba and Yu are old names of Chongqing in Imperial times. Influenced by Eight Views of Xiaoxiang in Hunan Province,people in Chongqing listed their own most beloved views during the reign of the Tianshun Emperor of the Ming dynasty. Scenic views in the list changed throughout the history. Some scenic views appeared in earlier lists no longer exist in modern days due to the change of physical geography,landscapes and land-uses.
References
- ↑ Eight Views of Pyongyang Archived 2007-09-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)