Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.
Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure, route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices. Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of Cancer research, since some toxins can be used as drugs for killing tumor cells. One prime example of this is Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, tested in the treatment of Leukemia.
Permethrin, sold under the brand name Nix, among others, is a medication and an insecticide. As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them.
Xenobiotica is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes comprehensive research papers on all areas of xenobiotics. It is published by Informa plc and covers six main areas:
The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about pharmacology and toxicology. It was first published in 1961 as the Annual Review of Pharmacology, changing its name in 1976 to the present title. As of 2021, it has an impact factor of 13.820.
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery is a peer-reviewed review journal covering drug discovery and development. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 84.694.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes full-length research papers, review articles, and short communications that encompass a broad spectrum of toxicological data surrounding risk assessment and harmful exposure. It is published by Taylor and Francis Group. The editor in chief is Russel Cattley,.
Toxin Reviews is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on multidisciplinary research in the area of toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. The aim is to publish reviews that are of broad interest and importance to the toxicology as well as other life science communities. Toxin Reviews aims to encourage scientists to highlight the contribution of toxins as research tools in deciphering molecular and cellular mechanisms, and as prototypes of therapeutic agents. The reviews should emphasize the role of toxins in enhancing our fundamental understanding of life sciences, protein chemistry, structural biology, pharmacology, clinical toxicology and evolution. Moreover, prominence is given to reviews that propose new ideas or approaches and further the knowledge of toxicology. Toxin Reviews delivers up-to-date research on toxins, their characteristics, activities, and mechanisms of action, ranging in scope from new, underutilized substances, through anti-venoms to chemical and biological weapons. It is published by Taylor & Francis Group. The editor-in-chief is R. Manjunatha Kini, National University of Singapore.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers preclinical and clinical studies on the regulatory effects of various agents on immunocompetent cells, as well as the immunotoxicity exerted by xenobiotics and drugs. Hence, the journal encompasses a broad range of pathologies. It is published by Informa.
Established in 1972, Drug Metabolism Reviews is an academic journal that publishes review articles on all aspects of drug metabolism research. It is the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX).
Mutation Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research papers in the area of mutation research which focus on fundamental mechanisms underlying the phenotypic and genotypic expression of genetic damage. There are currently three sections:
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology is a scientific journal for original research pertaining to action of chemicals, drugs, or natural products to animals or humans. The journal covers mechanistic approaches to physiological, biochemical, cellular, or molecular understanding of toxicologic/pathologic lesions and to methods used to describe these responses.
Drug Metabolism and Disposition is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fields of pharmacology and toxicology. It was established in 1973 and is published monthly by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The journal publishes articles on in vitro and in vivo studies of the metabolism, transport, and disposition of drugs and environmental chemicals, including the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and their regulation. As of 2011, the editor-in-chief is Edward T. Morgan.
International Journal of Toxicology (IJT) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of toxicology. The journal's editor is Mary Beth Genter, PhD. It has been in publication since 1982 and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with American College of Toxicology.
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers legal aspects of toxicological and pharmacological regulations. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Society of Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology. The current co-editors-in-chief are Lesa L. Aylward and Martin van den Berg.
The Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health is a peer-reviewed public health journal covering environmental toxicology. It was established in 1975 and in 1998 was split into Part A: Current Issues and Part B: Critical Reviews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Part A has a 2012 impact factor of 1.733, whereas Part B has a 2012 impact factor of 3.896.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of pharmacology. The journal was established in 1873 by Bernhard Naunyn, Oswald Schmiedeberg, and Edwin Klebs. It is the official journal of the German Society of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT), and of the Sphingolipid Club.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering environmental toxicology and environmental chemistry. It was established in 1982 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell in conjunction with the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The founding editor-in-chief was C.H. Ward, and the current one is G.A. Burton, Jr.. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.179, ranking it 68th out of 242 journals in the category "Environmental Sciences" and 28th out of 94 in the category "Toxicology".
Toxicology Research is a publication of Oxford University Press as of 2020. The Journal launched in 2012 and focuses on articles that cover biological, chemical, clinical, or environmental health aspects of the toxic response and the mechanisms involved.
Roel Vermeulen is a Dutch scientist and professor at Utrecht University and University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands in the field of environmental epidemiology and exposome. His scientific research focuses on environmental risk factors for cancer and neurological diseases, with a strong emphasis on the integration of epidemiology, high-quality exposure assessment and molecular biology in multidisciplinary studies.
