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The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.
The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota. The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV, 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.
The Parliament of Zimbabwe is the bicameral legislature of Zimbabwe composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house, and consists of 80 members, 60 of whom are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces. Of the remaining 20 seats, 18 are reserved for chiefs, and two for people with disabilities. The National Assembly is the lower house, and consists of 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected from single-member constituencies. The remaining 70 seats are reserved women's and youth quotas: 60 for women; 10 for youth. These are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member and one-member constituencies respectively, corresponding to the country's provinces.
The National Assembly of Zimbabwe, previously the House of Assembly until 2013, is the lower house of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It was established upon Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 as one of two chambers of parliament. Between the abolition of the Senate in 1989 and its reestablishment in 2005, the House of Assembly was the sole chamber of parliament.
The Senate of Zimbabwe is the upper of the two chambers in Zimbabwe's Parliament. It existed from independence in 1980 until 1989, and was re-introduced in November 2005. The other chamber of Parliament is the National Assembly.
Parliamentary elections were held in Zimbabwe on 8 and 9 April 1995 to elect members to the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe. The ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front won an overwhelming majority of the seats. There were 120 constituencies but 55 members were returned unopposed. The elections were not free and fair, as the authoritarian ZANU-PF party abused election rules and intimated the opposition.
Thokozani Khupe is a Zimbabwean politician, trade unionist and the President of the MDC-T breakaway faction of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). She was Deputy Prime Minister 2009–13.
Epworth originally referred to Epworth, Lincolnshire, a town in England that was the birthplace of John Wesley and Charles Wesley, early leaders of the Methodist religious movement. The town's name has since been used for other places and institutions affiliated with the Methodist denomination of Christianity.
Harare East is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Located in Harare, it is currently represented since the 2023 general election by Rusty Markham of the Citizens Coalition for Change.
Harare Metropolitan Province is a province in northeastern Zimbabwe that comprises Harare, the country's capital and largest city, and three other municipalities, Chitungwiza, Epworth and Ruwa. At independence in 1980, it was originally part of Mashonaland Province which in 1983 was divided into three large provinces, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, and Mashonaland West - at this point, the city of Harare became part of Mashonaland East. In 1997, along with Bulawayo, it became a metropolitan province, along with the then two nearby urban settlements. Harare Metropolitan Province is divided into four local government areas - a city council, a municipality and two local boards.
Nicola Jane Watson is a Zimbabwean accountant and politician who served as a Member of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe from 2013 until 2023. She was first elected to one of the seats reserved for women, then as the MP for Bulawayo Central in 2018, before defeating the Zanu-PF incumbent Raj Modi in Bulawayo South in 2023.
Harare Central is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It is located in the central area of Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe. Like all Zimbabwean constituencies, Harare Central elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post electoral system. The seat has been represented by MP Lovemore Jimu since the 2023 general election.
General elections were held throughout Zimbabwe on 23 and 24 August 2023 to elect the president, legislators and councillors. The main race for presidential office was between two candidates of Karanga origin: ZANU–PF's Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa and Citizens Coalition for Change's Nelson Chamisa. The voter rolls for the election increased to 6.5 million, up from 5.8 million in 2018.
Temba Mliswa is a Zimbabwean politician and businessman. He was the independent member of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe for Norton Constituency from 2016 until his defeat in the 2023 general election.
Pelandaba–Mpopoma was a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Located in the city of Bulawayo in eastern Zimbabwe, it comprised the high-density suburbs of Imiyela, Mabutweni, Matshobana, Mpopoma, Mpopoma South, and Pelandaba. Its most recent MP following the 2018 general election was Charles Moyo of the Movement for Democratic Change Alliance.
Mount Pleasant is a constituency of the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, centered on the Mount Pleasant suburb of Harare. Previously a white constituency in the Parliament of Rhodesia, it was abolished in 1987 along with the other white-reserved seats in Parliament. It was recreated for the 2008 elections and is currently represented by Fadzayi Mahere of the Citizens Coalition for Change as of the 2023 general election.
Headlands is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Reportedly the country's largest by area, it was created in 2008 with territory taken from the Makoni North constituency. Located in Makoni District in Manicaland Province, its current MP since the 2023 general election is Farai Mapfumo of ZANU–PF.
Glen View South is a constituency of the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, comprising the southern portion of the Glen View suburb of Harare. It was created in 2008 from the old Glen View constituency, along with Glen View North.
References
- ↑ "THREE NEW CONSTITUENCIES FOR HARARE" . Retrieved 2023-08-31.
- ↑ "'Don't promise what you can't deliver'". The Sunday Mail. 2015-10-25. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ↑ Report on the: 26 March 2022 By-Elections (PDF). Zimbabwe Election Support Network. 2022.