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The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.
The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are filled based on the votes for in the single-member constituencies, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the largest remainder method and the hare quota. The Senate has 80 members: 60 are elected for five-year terms in 6-member constituencies representing one of the 10 provinces, elected based on the votes in the lower house election, using party-list proportional representation, distributed using the hare quota. Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV, 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.
Ealing, Southall is a constituency created in 1974 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2007 by Virendra Sharma of the Labour Party.
Mutoko North is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Mutoko District in Mashonaland East Province. Its current MP since the 2023 election is Caleb Makwiranzou of ZANU–PF.
The Parliament of Zimbabwe is the bicameral legislature of Zimbabwe composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house, and consists of 80 members, 60 of whom are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces. Of the remaining 20 seats, 18 are reserved for chiefs, and two for people with disabilities. The National Assembly is the lower house, and consists of 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected from single-member constituencies. The remaining 70 seats are reserved women's and youth quotas: 60 for women; 10 for youth. These are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member and one-member constituencies respectively, corresponding to the country's provinces.
The National Assembly of Zimbabwe, previously the House of Assembly until 2013, is the lower house of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It was established upon Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 as one of two chambers of parliament. Between the abolition of the Senate in 1989 and its reestablishment in 2005, the House of Assembly was the sole chamber of parliament.
The Senate of Zimbabwe is the upper of the two chambers in Zimbabwe's Parliament. It existed from independence in 1980 until 1989, and was re-introduced in November 2005. The other chamber of Parliament is the National Assembly.
Parliamentary elections were held in Zimbabwe in June and July 1985. The result was a victory for the ruling ZANU–PF party led by Robert Mugabe, which increased its majority in parliament.
General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia between 14 February and 4 March 1980 to elect the members of the House of Assembly of the first Parliament of the independent Zimbabwe. As stipulated by the new Constitution of Zimbabwe produced by the Lancaster House Conference, the new House of Assembly was to comprise 100 members, 80 of whom would be elected proportionally by province by all adult citizens on a common role, and 20 of whom would be elected in single-member constituencies by whites on a separate roll.
Bulawayo South is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Bulawayo. Its current MP since a 2023 by-election is Raj Modi of ZANU–PF. Notable former MPs for the constituency include Eddie Cross and David Coltart.
Blessing Chebundo is a Zimbabwean politician, a member of parliament and a leading figure in the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). He rose to fame by defeating Emmerson Mnangagwa in a contest to represent Kwekwe constituency in the parliament of Zimbabwe in the 2000 parliamentary election. Mnangagwa, a heavyweight in ZANU-PF, was predicted to easily win the constituency, but Chebundo won the seat despite threats to his life. As an incumbent, he again defeated Mnangagwa and was re-elected in the March 2005 parliamentary election.
Zvimba East is a constituency represented the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Zvimba District in Mashonaland West Province. The seat is currently vacant following the November 2023 recall of Oliver Mutasa, the constituency's MP since the 2023 election. A by-election is scheduled to take place in February 2024.
Fadzayi Mahere is a Zimbabwean lawyer and former politician who was the National Spokesperson for the Citizens Coalition for Change, a political party in Zimbabwe. After a career in legal advocacy, she emerged around April 2016 first as an independent parliamentary candidate, and then with the Movement for Democratic Change. During the 2016–2017 Zimbabwe protests, she was arrested several times.
Harare Central is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. It is located in the central area of Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe. Like all Zimbabwean constituencies, Harare Central elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post electoral system. The seat has been represented by MP Lovemore Jimu since the 2023 general election.
Oriah Anthony Gara was a Zimbabwean businessman and politician. He was a member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe for Mbare East from 1990 to 2000 and served as deputy minister of local government, rural and urban development from 1995 until 2000. Before entering Parliament, he was a member of the Harare City Council and served as mayor of Harare from 1985 to 1986.
Epworth was a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. The seat was dissolved for the 2023 Zimbabwean general election into Epworth North and Epworth South.
Headlands is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Reportedly the country's largest, it was created in 2008 with territory taken from the Makoni North constituency. Located in Makoni District in Manicaland Province, its current MP since the 2023 general election is Farai Mapfumo of ZANU–PF.
Mount Darwin North is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. Its current MP since the 2023 general election is Labbany Munemo of ZANU–PF.
Beitbridge West is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Beitbridge District in Matabeleland South Province. It is currently represented since a December 2023 by-election by Thusani Ndou of ZANU–PF.
References
- ↑ "HON BANDA SAMUEL". Parliament of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- ↑ "Fadzayi Mahere wins Mt Pleasant seat". Gambakwe Media. 2023-08-24. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- Zimbabwe Government Gazette, 12 July 1985 (elected members)