Euchlorine

Last updated

Euchlorine, Euclorina, Euchlorin, Euchlorite
Euchlorine-808836.jpg
General
Category Sulfate mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		KNaCu3(SO4)3O
IMA symbol Ecr [1]
Strunz classification 7.BC.30
Dana classification30.3.1.1
Crystal system Monoclinic
Space group C2/c
Unit cell a = 18.41(5) Å,
b = 9.43(3) Å,
c = 14.21(5) Å,
β = 113.7(3)°;
Z = 8
Identification
ColorEmerald-green, dark green
Crystal habit Single crystals, tabular, incrustation
Streak Pistachio green
Density 3.28 (measured), 3.28 (calculated)
Optical propertiesBiaxial (+), moderate relief, emerald green color (transmitted light)
Refractive index nα = 1.580,
nβ = 1.605,
nγ = 1.644
Birefringence δ = 0.064
Pleochroism X: Pale grass-green,
Y: Grass-green,
Z: Bright yellow-green
2V angle Moderately large (measured)
Dispersion r < v
Solubility Partially soluble in water
References [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Euchlorine (KNaCu3(SO4)3O) is a rare emerald-green sulfate mineral found naturally occurring as a sublimate in fumaroles around volcanic eruptions. [3] [4] [5] It was first discovered in fumaroles of the 1868 eruption at Mount Vesuvius in Campania, Italy by Arcangelo Scacchi. [2] [9] [10] The name 'euchlorine' comes from the Greek word εΰχλωρος meaning "pale green" in reference to the mineral's color, other reported spellings include euclorina, euchlorin, and euchlorite. [2] [9] [10]

Contents

The ideal formula of euchlorine is KNaCu3(SO4)3O though calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) occasionally substitute into the crystal lattice. [11] Euchlorine is structurally related to puninite (Na2Cu3(SO4)3O) and fedotovite (K2Cu3(SO4)3O), all of which are included in the euchlorine group of minerals. [4] [12]

One of the distinguishing physical properties helpful for identifying euchlorine in hand sample is its streak, which is a pistachio-green color. [5] [10] If trying to find euchlorine in the field, wear protective clothing as the volcanic fumaroles around which it occurs can be very hot (approximately 300 to 650 °C, 580 to 1200 °F) and can cause severe steam burns if not adequately protected. [13] [14]

Geologic occurrence

Mount Vesuvius, Naples, Italy is the type locality of euchlorine. [2] [3] [4] [5] [10] It occurred as a sublimate in fumaroles (hot vents of steam and other volcanic gases) that formed during the 1868 volcanic eruption, it has also been found in fumaroles during eruptions at the same location in 1892 and 1893. [2] [13] Mineral associations at this site include dolerophanite, eriochalcite, chalcocyanite, melanothallite, anglesite, atacamite, cryptochalcite, palmierite, barite, and natrochalcite. [3] [13]

Euchlorine has also been found at Izalco Volcano in El Salvador. [3] [4] In 1987 euchlorine was one of the minerals found in association with Mcbirneyite when it was first discovered in fumaroles at the summit of Izalco Volcano. [15] Other mineral associations at this location include stoiberite, fingerite, ziesite, and thenardite. [15]

In Russia, euchlorine has been found in association with multiple new minerals discovered in the 2000s and 2010s. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]

At fumarole deposits in the North Breach from the Tolbachik Volcano eruption of the Great Fissure on the Kamchatka Peninsula euchlorine (as euchlorite) was found associated with newly discovered mineral avdoninite and reported around 2005–2007. [16] In 2012 the discovery of a new fumarolic mineral cupromolybdite found in the New Tolbachik Scoria Cones in association with euchlorine at Tolbachik Volcano was published. [17] Not long after, in early 2013, yaroshevskite was reported newly discovered from scoria cones of the Great Fissure Eruption at Tolbachik Volcano in association with euchlorine. [18] Two new minerals were reported discovered in 2014 from two different fumaroles at Tolbachik Volcano in association with euchlorine. [19] The first mineral was wulffite and the second was parawulffite, both from the area of the Northern Breakthrough during the Great Fissure Eruption. [19] Work conducted on fumarole deposits from the same eruption found euchlorine being associated with a newly discovered mineral called itelmenite and was reported in 2015 and published in mid to late 2018. [20] [21]

In addition to the minerals discovered, euchlorine was found associated with minerals including:

Marcel Mine in Radlin, Poland has also discovered what may be euchlorine in the 2010s. [22]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kainite</span>

Kainite ( or ) (KMg(SO4)Cl·3H2O) is an evaporite mineral in the class of "Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O" according to the Nickel–Strunz classification. It is a hydrated potassium-magnesium sulfate-chloride, naturally occurring in irregular granular masses or as crystalline coatings in cavities or fissures. This mineral is dull and soft, and is colored white, yellowish, grey, reddish, or blue to violet. Its name is derived from Greek καινος [kainos] ("(hitherto) unknown"), as it was the first mineral discovered that contained both sulfate and chloride as anions. Kainite forms monoclinic crystals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aphthitalite</span>

Aphthitalite is a potassium sulfate mineral with the chemical formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tolbachik</span>

Tolbachik is a volcanic complex on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. It consists of two volcanoes, Plosky (flat) Tolbachik and Ostry (sharp) Tolbachik, which as the names suggest are respectively a flat-topped shield volcano and a peaked stratovolcano. As Ostry is the mountain's highest point, the entire mountain is often referred to as "Ostry Tolbachik", not to be confused with Ostry, a separate volcano to the north also on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cotunnite</span>

Cotunnite is the natural mineral form of lead(II) chloride (PbCl2). Unlike the pure compound, which is white, cotunnite can be white, yellow, or green. The density of mineral samples spans range 5.3–5.8 g/cm3. The hardness on the Mohs scale is 1.5–2. The crystal structure is orthorhombic dipyramidal and the point group is 2/m 2/m 2/m. Each Pb has a coordination number of 9. Cotunnite occurs near volcanoes: Vesuvius, Italy; Tarapacá, Chile; and Tolbachik, Russia.

Ziesite is a copper vanadate mineral with formula: β-Cu2V2O7. It was discovered in 1980 as monoclinic crystals occurring as volcanic sublimates around fumaroles in the crater of the Izalco Volcano, El Salvador. It is named after Emanuel George Zies (1883–1981), an American geochemist who studied Izalco in the 1930s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kambalny</span> Stratovolcano in southern Kamchatka

Kambalny is a stratovolcano located in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. It is the southernmost active volcano of Kamchatka. It has erupted mafic rocks. It has a summit crater as well as five cinder cones on its flanks which are the source of lava flows.

Lyonsite (Cu3Fe+34(VO4)6) is a rare black vanadate mineral that is opaque with a metallic lustre. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system. Lyonsite often occurs as small tabular typically well formed crystals. Lyonsite has a good cleavage and a dark gray streak.

Urusovite is a rare copper aluminium arsenate mineral with formula: CuAlAsO5. It is a monoclinic-prismatic light green mineral.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piypite</span>

Piypite is a rare potassium, copper sulfate mineral with formula: K2Cu2O(SO4)2. It crystallizes in the tetragonal system and occurs as needlelike crystals and masses. Individual crystals are square in cross-section and often hollow. It is emerald green to black in color with a vitreous to greasy luster.

Fingerite is a copper vanadate mineral with formula: β-Cu2V2O5. It was discovered as triclinic crystals occurring as volcanic sublimates around fumaroles in the crater of the Izalco Volcano, El Salvador.

Feodosiyite is a very rare chloride mineral, just recently approved, with the formula Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8•16H2O. Its structure is unique. Feodosiyite comes from the Tolbachik volcano, famous for many rare fumarolic minerals. Chemically similar minerals, chlorides containing both copper and magnesium, include haydeeite, paratacamite-(Mg) and tondiite.

Vasilseverginite is a very rare arsenate-sulfate mineral with formula Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2. Its structure is of a new type. It possesses a typical feature of many minerals of its type locality, the Tolbachik volcano, namely being a salt with oxide anions. However, it is the first Tolbachik copper oxysalt that is both arsenate and sulfate. Vasilseverginite is monoclinic, with space group P21/n.

Chrysothallite is a rare thallium-bearing chloride mineral with the formula K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4•H2O. Chrysothallite is unique in being only the second mineral with essential trivalent thallium, a feature shared with natural thallium(III) oxide, avicennite. Another examples of natural thallium chlorides are steropesite, Tl3BiCl6, and lafossaite, TlCl. Chrysothallite is one of numerous fumarolic minerals discovered among fumarolic sites of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia The mineral is named in allusion to its colour and thallium content.

Hermannjahnite is a rare sulfate mineral with the relatively simple formula CuZn(SO4)2. It is one of many fumarolic minerals discovered on the Tolbachik volcano.

Kainotropite is a rare vanadate mineral with the formula Cu4FeO2(V2O7)(VO4). It contains trivalent iron. It is one of many fumarolic minerals discovered on the Tolbachik volcano. The name of its parental fumarole is "Yadovitaya", which means poisonous.

Wulffite is an alkali copper sulfate mineral with the chemical formula K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4, in the sulfate category of minerals. It was recently discovered in Kamchatka, Russia at the Tolbachik volcano in 2012. It was named for Russian crystallographer Georgiy Viktorovich Wulff, a renowned expert who furthered X-ray diffraction and interference. Wullfite shares many properties with parawulffite, which was found in the same area just with slightly different chemical composition.

The sulfate fluorides are double salts that contain both sulfate and fluoride anions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. Some of these minerals are deposited in fumaroles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fumarole mineral</span> Minerals which are deposited by fumarole exhalations

Fumarole minerals are minerals which are deposited by fumarole exhalations. They form when gases and compounds desublimate or precipitate out of condensates, forming mineral deposits. They are mostly associated with volcanoes following deposition from volcanic gas during an eruption or discharge from a volcanic vent or fumarole, but have been encountered on burning coal deposits as well. They can be black or multicoloured and are often unstable upon exposure to the atmosphere.

Petrovite is a blue and green mineral, with the chemical formula of Na10CaCu2(SO4)8. It contains atoms of oxygen (O), sodium (Na), sulphur (S), calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) in a porous framework. It has potential as a cathode material in sodium-ion rechargeable batteries.

Aleutite is both a vanadate and arsenate mineral but it can also be considered as a natural salt-inclusion phase that was first discovered at Second scoria cone of the Great Fissure Tolbachik eruption in the summer of 2015 in Kamchatka, Russia. Aleutite is a fumarolic mineral found with many other newly discovered minerals at this location. It gained the name from the Aleuts, the ethnic group who are the original inhabitants living on the Commander Islands, Aleutsky District, Kamchatka Krai. This mineral is very brittle and has a dark red color. Aleutite is a new structure type, the structure was refined as a 2-component twin, the twin ratio equals (0.955:0.045).

References

  1. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Palache, C.; Berman, H.; Frondel, C. (1951). "The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837–1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc." John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: pp. 571(as Euchlorin with other spellings listed including Euchlorine, Euchlorinite, Euclorina).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Handbook of Mineralogy – Euchlorine Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine .
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Mindat.org – Euchlorine.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Webmineral – Euchlorine.
  6. ↑ Scordari, F. and Stasi, F. (1990). "The crystal structure of euchlorine, NaKCu3O(SO4)3"Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 161: 241–253.
  7. ↑ Jambor, J.L.; Grew, E.S. (1991). "New mineral names". American Mineralogist , 76(1–2): 299–305.
  8. ↑ Eugenio Scacchi: Sull’ euclorina, sull’ eriocaleo e sul melanotallo. In: Rendiconto dell'Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche. 23:158–165.
  9. 1 2 A. Scacchi (1869) (as Euclorina).
  10. 1 2 3 4 EUROmin Project – Euchlorine.
  11. ↑ Jambor, J.L.; Puziewicz, J. (1990). "New mineral names". American Mineralogist , 75(9–10): 1209–1216.
  12. ↑ Siidra, O.I.; Nazarchuk, E.V.; Zaitsev, A.N.; Lukina, E.A.; Avdontseva, E.Y.; Vergasova, L.P.; Vlasenko, N.S.; Filatov, S.K.; Turner, R.; Karpov, G.A. (2017). "Copper oxosulphates from fumaroles of Tolbachik volcano: puninite, Na2Cu3O(SO4)3 –a new mineral species and structure refinements of kamchatkite and alumoklyuchevskite". European Journal of Mineralogy , 29(3): 499–510.
  13. 1 2 3 Balassone, G.; Petti, C.; Mondillo, N.; Panikorovskii, T.L.; de Gennaro, R.; Cappelletti, P.; Altomare, A.; Corriero, N.; Cangiano, M.; D'Orazio, L. (2019). "Copper Minerals at Vesuvius Volcano (Southern Italy): A Mineralogical Review". Minerals , 9(12): 730.
  14. ↑ Fox News (September 12, 2017). "Italian parents killed in volcanic field trying to rescue their son".
  15. 1 2 Hughes, J.M.; Christian, B.S.; Finger, L.W.; Malinconico, L.L. (1987). "Mcbirneyite, Cu3(VO4)2, a new sublimate mineral from the fumaroles of Izalco volcano, El Salvador". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , 33(1–3): 183–190.
  16. 1 2 3 Chukanov, N.V.; Murashko, M.N.; Zadov, A.E.; Bushmakin, A.F. (2007). "Avdoninite, K2Cu5Cl8(OH)4 · H2O, a New Mineral Species from Volcanic Exhalations and the Technogenic Zone at Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits". Geology of Ore Deposits, 49(7): 505–508.
  17. 1 2 3 Zelenski, M.E.; Zubkova, N.V.; Pekov, I.V.; Polekhovsky, Y.S.; Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2012). "Cupromolybdite, Cu3O(MoO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy , 24(4): 749–757.
  18. 1 2 3 Pekov, I.V.; Zubkova, N.V.; Zelenski, M.E.; Yapaskurt, V.O.; Polekhovsky, Y.S.; Fadeeva, O.A.; Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2013). "Yaroshevskite, Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2, a new mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine , 77(1): 107–116.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Pekov, I.V.; Zubkova, N.V.; Yapaskurt, V.O.; Belakovskiy, D.I.; Chukanov, N.V.; Lykova, I.S.; Savelyev, D.P.; Sidorov, E.G.; Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2014). "WULFFITE, K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4, AND PARAWULFFITE, K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8, TWO NEW MINERALS FROM FUMAROLE SUBLIMATES OF THE TOLBACHIK VOLCANO, KAMCHATKA, RUSSIA". The Canadian Mineralogist, 52(4): 699–716.
  20. 1 2 Nazarchuk, E.V.; Siidra, O.I.; Agakhanov, A.A.; Lukina, E.A.; Avdontseva, E.Y.; Vergasova, L.P.; Filatov, S.K.; Karpov, G.A. (2015). "Itelmenite, IMA2015-047", CNMNC Newsletter No. 27, October 2015, page 1225; Mineralogical Magazine , 79, 1229–1236.
  21. 1 2 3 Nazarchuk, E.V.; Siidra, O.I.; Agakhanov, A.A.; Lukina, E.A.; Avdontseva, E.Y.; Karpov, G.A. (2018). "Itelmenite, Na2CuMg2(SO4)4, a new anhydrous sulfate mineral from the Tolbachik volcano". Mineralogical Magazine , 82(6): 1233–1241.
  22. ↑ Mindat.org – Marcel Mine.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.