A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.
Scopus is an abstract and citation database launched by the academic publisher Elsevier in 2004.
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science.
Bibliometrics is the application of statistical methods to the study of bibliographic data, especially in scientific and library and information science contexts, and is closely associated with scientometrics to the point that both fields largely overlap.
Scientometrics is a subfield of informetrics that studies quantitative aspects of scholarly literature. Major research issues include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts. In practice there is a significant overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields such as information systems, information science, science of science policy, sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that overreliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research.
Science & Society: A Journal of Marxist Thought and Analysis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of Marxist scholarship. It covers economics, philosophy of science, historiography, women's studies, literature, the arts, and other social science disciplines from a Marxist point of view. As well as covering social and political theory, it includes first-order historical research. The journal was established in 1936 and is published by Guilford Publications. The editor-in-chief is Julio Huato.
The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) is a commercial citation index product of Clarivate Analytics. It was originally developed by the Institute for Scientific Information from the Science Citation Index. The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index which indexes over 3,400 journals across 58 social science disciplines – 1985 to present, and it has 122 million cited references – 1900 to present. It also includes a range of 3,500 selected items from some of the world's finest scientific and technical journals. It has a range of useful search functions such as 'cited reference searching', searching by author, subject, or title. Whilst the Social Sciences Citation Index provides extensive support in bibliographic analytics and research, a number of academic scholars have expressed criticisms relating to ideological bias and its English-dominant publishing nature.
Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is an annual publication by Clarivate. It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science Core Collection. It provides information about academic journals in the natural and social sciences, including impact factors. JCR was originally published as a part of the Science Citation Index. Currently, the JCR, as a distinct service, is based on citations compiled from the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index. As of the 2023 edition, journals from the Arts and Humanities Citation Index and the Emerging Sources Citation Index have also been included.
Journal ranking is widely used in academic circles in the evaluation of an academic journal's impact and quality. Journal rankings are intended to reflect the place of a journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that journal, and the prestige associated with it. They have been introduced as official research evaluation tools in several countries.
The Web of Science is a paid-access platform that provides access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines. Until 1997, it was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is currently owned by Clarivate, and currently contains 79 million records in the core collection and 171 million records on the platform.
The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that was established in 2004 and is published by MDPI. The editor-in-chief is Paul B. Tchounwou. The journal covers all aspects of environmental health sciences and public health.
The Financial Analysts Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering investment management, published by Routledge on behalf of the CFA Institute. It was established in 1945 and as of August 2022, the editor-in-chief is William N. Goetzmann.
International Journal of Research in Marketing is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier. It is an official journal of the European Marketing Academy and the editor-in-chief is Martin Schreier. The journal was established in 1984.
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by Nature Portfolio. It covers all areas of the social sciences and humanities. It was established in 2014 as Palgrave Communications, obtaining its current name in 2020.
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Marketing Association. It covers all aspects of the intersection of marketing and public policy. It was originally established in 1979 as Public Policy Issues in Marketing, and renamed itself to Journal of Marketing & Public Policy 1982 for one year, before settling on the current name in 1983.
Pure and Applied Geophysics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research in the field of geophysics. It is published by Birkhäuser and the editors-in-chief are Carla F. Braitenberg, Alexander B. Rabinovich, and Renata Dmowska. The journal was established in 1939 as Geofisica Pura e Applicata before obtaining its current title in 1964.
Safety Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier covering research on all aspects of human and industrial safety. The editor-in-chief is Georgios Boustras ,. The journal was established in 1976 as the Journal of Occupational Accidents, with Herbert Eisner as founding editor-in-chief. In 1990, the aims and scope of the journal were expanded, and the journal obtained its current name.
Industrial Marketing Management is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of marketing, business-to-business, and industrial marketing. It is published by Elsevier and the editors-in-chief are Adam Lindgreen and Anthony Di Benedetto. The journal was established in 1971 with R. Derek Medford founding editor-in-chief. The journal was associated with research from the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group, a European research initiative in the field of industrial marketing. From 1994 to 2016 Peter LaPlaca served as editor-in-chief.
Consumption Markets & Culture is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of marketing, consumption, consumer culture, and consumer behavior. It is published by Routledge and the editors-in-chief are Alan Bradshaw and Joel Hietanen. The journal was established in 1997 with A. Fuat Firat as the founding editor. The journal was associated with research from consumer culture theory, an approach that studies consumption from a social and cultural point of view.
The Journal of Marketing Management is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of marketing. The journal is owned by Westburn Publishers and published by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Mark Tadajewski. It is the official journal of the United Kiingdom's Academy of Marketing and was established in 1985 by Michael J. Baker.
