FAM185A

Last updated
FAM185A
Identifiers
Aliases FAM185A
External IDs MGI: 2140983 HomoloGene: 51828 GeneCards: FAM185A
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001145268
NM_001145269
NM_147194

NM_177869

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001138740
NP_001138741
NP_001337916

NP_808537

Location (UCSC)n/a Chr 5: 21.63 – 21.69 Mb
PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse
Gene locus of FAM185A in humans Human Gene FAM185A Location on Chromosome 7.jpg
Gene locus of FAM185A in humans

The FAM185A (Gene Family with sequence similarity 185, member A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM185A gene. The FAM185A gene is found on the positive strand of Chromosome 7 at 7q22.1. The gene begins 102,389,399bp from the p-terminus of the chromosome and ends at 102,449,672bp from the p-terminus; it covers a total of 73,308 basepairs. [4] The protein encoded by this gene is characterized by the presence of multiple copies of DUF4098 (Domain of unknown function, 4098) near its C-terminus. It is described as a Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE), a subclass of penaeid repetitive elements (PREs). [5]

Contents

Homology

Homologs have been found in many animal species, but no fungal, plant, or other more distantly related homologs have been found. [6]

Clades that are known to have FAM185A orthologs include:

Clades in which no orthologs or homologs have been found include:

Protein

Isoforms

Two protein forming isoforms [4] are known to be transcribed from the FAM185A gene. Isoform 1 is the longer isoform, resulting in a protein 392 amino acids long. Isoform 2 is a shortened version of Isoform 1 resulting from alternative splicing of the mRNA. Isoform 2 forms a 275aa protein; it is missing a 118aa segment near the N-terminus of the protein.

DUF4098

Domain of Unknown Function 4098 is domain found in all FAM185A orthologs, as well as in some other non-orthologous species. DUF4098 is a c-terminal repetitive bacterial domain and is part of the pfam13345 family of domains and the superfamily cl16248. [7]

Pseudogene

Only one paralog, a pseudogene, for FAM185A exists in humans. The pseudogene, known as FAM185BP (Family of sequence similarity 185, member B, pseudogene), is also located on chromosome 7, from 76,713,203bp to 76,751,689bp. [8] The pseudogene encodes a non-functional 365aa protein, of which the first 356 residues are identical to that of FAM185A isoform 1.

Expression

Expression of FAM185a protein in mouse embryonic tissue by stage of development. FAM185a expression in mouse embryonic tissues.jpg
Expression of FAM185a protein in mouse embryonic tissue by stage of development.

Promoter

The predicted promoter region for FAM185A transcription is located just upstream of the gene from 102,388,867bp to 102,389,996bp of chromosome 7. [9] This region overlaps slightly with the translational start site of the protein, located at approximately 102,389,656bp of the genomic DNA. Over 200 potential transcription factor binding sites have been identified within the promoter region. [9]

Tissue expression

FAM185A is moderately expressed in select nervous and developmental related tissues. SAGE data [10] shows expression in the brain, cerebral cortex, retina, and skin of human tissues. EST abundance data from Unigene [11] shows increased expression in bone marrow, the adrenal gland, the brain, and muscle tissue. It is also more highly expressed in fetal tissues than adult tissues.

Subcellular expression

The subcellular location of the protein is not definitively known, but the protein is predicted to be either imported into the mitochondria or nucleus or to remain within the cytoplasm. [12]

Differential expression in mice

FAM185a expression in mouse tissue treated with Reversine.jpg
Expression of FAM185a is decreased in mice tissue treated with the dedifferentiation chemical, Reversine.
FAM185a expression in toll-like receptor 5 knockout mice.jpg
FAM185a expression in mice can be decreased with the use of flagellin, and is decreased in toll-like receptor 5 knockout mice as compared to wildtype mice.
FAM185a differential expression in RORalpha1 knockout mice.jpg
Expression is decreased in ROR1-alpha knockout mice.
Differential expression in mice

While little data is currently available on differential expression in humans, FAM185a expression is greatly decreased in ROR1-alpha knockout mice and toll-like receptor 5 knockout mice. [13] Mice also show a decrease in FAM185a expression in tissues that have been treated with Reversine, indicating the protein's potential role relates to stem cell differentiation during development. [13] GEO profiles for mice also show that FAM185a expression begins after fertilization, and continues to be high throughout embryonic development. [13]

Interactions

Interacting proteins

There are currently no confirmed protein interactions with FAM185A.

Interacting molecules

Three molecules have been found to interact with FAM185a in mice: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, and benzopyrene. [14] These interactions are not yet confirmed for the human protein, FAM185A.

Clinical significance

Currently, no diseases are known to be related to FAM185A mutations.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HIKESHI</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

HIKESHI is a protein important in lung and multicellular organismal development that, in humans, is encoded by the HIKESHI gene. HIKESHI is found on chromosome 11 in humans and chromosome 7 in mice. Similar sequences (orthologs) are found in most animal and fungal species. The mouse homolog, lethal gene on chromosome 7 Rinchik 6 protein is encoded by the l7Rn6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">METTL26</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

METTL26, previously designated C16orf13, is a protein-coding gene for Methyltransferase Like 26, also known as JFP2. Though the function of this gene is unknown, various data have revealed that it is expressed at high levels in various cancerous tissues. Underexpression of this gene has also been linked to disease consequences in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAM63A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Family with sequence similarity 63, member A is a protein that, is encoded by the FAM63A gene in humans,. It is located on the minus strand of chromosome 1 at locus 1q21.3.

The coiled-coil domain containing 142 (CCDC142) is a gene which in humans encodes the CCDC142 protein. The CCDC142 gene is located on chromosome 2, spans 4339 base pairs and contains 9 exons. The gene codes for the coiled-coil domain containing protein 142 (CCDC142), whose function is not yet well understood. There are two known isoforms of CCDC142. CCDC142 proteins produced from these transcripts range in size from 743 to 665 amino acids and contain signals suggesting protein movement between the cytosol and nucleus. Homologous CCDC142 genes are found in many animals including vertebrates and invertebrates but not fungus, plants, protists, archea, or bacteria. Although the function of this protein is not well understood, it contains a coiled-coil domain and a RINT1_TIP1 motif located within the coiled-coil domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAM71F2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

FAM71F2 or Family with Sequence Similarity 71 member F2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Family with Sequence Similarity 71 member F2 gene. This gene is highly active in the reproductive tissues, specifically the testis, and may serve as a potential biomarker for determining metastatic testicular cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C17orf53</span>

C17orf53 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as C17orf53, uncharacterized protein C17orf53. It has been shown to target the nucleus, with minor localization in the cytoplasm. Based on current findings C17orf53 is predicted to perform functions of transport, however further research into the protein could provide more specific evidence regarding its function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C21orf58</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 58 (C21orf58) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf58 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAM71E1</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

FAM71E1, also known as Family With Sequence Similarity 71 Member E1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM71E1 gene. It is thought to be ubiquitously expressed at low levels throughout the body, and it is conserved in vertebrates, particularly mammals and some reptiles. The protein is localized to the nucleus and can be exported to the cytoplasm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TEX9</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Testis-expressed protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded the TEX9 gene. TEX9 that encodes a 391-long amino acid protein containing two coiled-coil regions. The gene is conserved in many species and encodes orthologous proteins in eukarya, archaea, and one species of bacteria. The function of TEX9 is not yet fully understood, but it is suggested to have ATP-binding capabilities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C16orf86</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Uncharacterized protein C16orf86 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the C16orf86 gene. It is mostly made of alpha helices and it is expressed in the testes, but also in other tissues such as the kidney, colon, brain, fat, spleen, and liver. For the function of C16orf86, it is not well understood, however it could be a transcription factor in the nucleus that regulates G0/G1 in the cell cycle for tissues such as the kidney, brain, and skeletal muscles as mentioned in the DNA microarray data below in the gene level regulation section.

Chromosome 1 open reading frame (C1orf167) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C1orf167 gene. The NCBI accession number is NP_001010881. The protein is 1468 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 162.42 kDa. The mRNA sequence was found to be 4689 base pairs in length.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SMCO3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Single-pass membrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the SMCO3 gene.

TMEM275 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM275 gene. TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. It is predicted to reside within the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TMEM169</span> Gene

Transmembrane protein 169 (TMEM169) in humans is encoded by TMEM169 gene. The aliases of TMEM169 include FLJ34263, DKFZp781L2456, and LOC92691. TMEM169 has the highest expression in the brain, particularly the fetal brain. TMEM169 has homologs mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish, chordates and invertebrates. The most distantly related homolog of TMEM169 is Anopheles albimanus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SMIM19</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

SMIM19, also known as Small Integral Membrane Protein 19, encodes the SMIM19 protein. SMIM19 is a confirmed single-pass transmembrane protein passing from outside to inside, 5' to 3' respectively. SMIM19 has ubiquitously high to medium expression with among varied tissues or organs. The validated function of SMIM19 remains under review because of on sub-cellular localization uncertainty. However, all linked proteins research to interact with SMIM19 are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), presuming SMIM19 ER association

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAM120AOS</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

FAM120AOS, or family with sequence similarity 120A opposite strand, codes for uncharacterized protein FAM120AOS, which currently has no known function. The gene ontology describes the gene to be protein binding. Overall, it appears that the thyroid and the placenta are the two tissues with the highest expression levels of FAM120AOS across a majority of datasets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CCDC190</span> Protein found in humans

Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 190, also known as C1orf110, the Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 110, MGC48998 and CCDC190, is found to be a protein coding gene widely expressed in vertebrates. RNA-seq gene expression profile shows that this gene selectively expressed in different organs of human body like lung brain and heart. The expression product of c1orf110 is often called Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 190 with a size of 302 aa. It may get the name because a coiled-coil domain is found from position 14 to 72. At least 6 spliced variants of its mRNA and 3 isoforms of this protein can be identified, which is caused by alternative splicing in human.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C12orf50</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 50 (C12orf50) is a protein-encoding gene which in humans encodes for the C12orf50 protein. The accession id for this gene is NM_152589. The location of C12orf50 is 12q21.32. It covers 55.42 kb, from 88429231 to 88373811, on the reverse strand. Some of the neighboring genes to C12orf50 are RPS4XP15, LOC107984542, and C12orf29. RPS4XP15 is upstream C12orf50 and is on the same strand. LOC107984542 and C12orf29 are both downstream. LOC107984542 is on the opposite strand while C12orf29 is on the same strand. C12orf50 has six isoforms. This page is focusing on isoform X1. C12orf50 isoform X1 is 1711 nucleotides long and has a protein with a length of 414 aa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">THAP3</span> Protein in Humans

THAP domain-containing protein 3 (THAP3) is a protein that, in Homo sapiens (humans), is encoded by the THAP3 gene. The THAP3 protein is as known as MGC33488, LOC90326, and THAP domain-containing, apoptosis associated protein 3. This protein contains the Thanatos-associated protein (THAP) domain and a host-cell factor 1C binding motif. These domains allow THAP3 to influence a variety of processes, including transcription and neuronal development. THAP3 is ubiquitously expressed in H. sapiens, though expression is highest in the kidneys.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SCRN3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Secernin-3 (SCRN3) is a protein that is encoded by the human SCRN3 gene. SCRN3 belongs to the peptidase C69 family and the secernin subfamily. As a part of this family, the protein is predicted to enable cysteine-type exopeptidase activity and dipeptidase activity, as well as be involved in proteolysis. It is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, thyroid, and 25 other tissues. Additionally, SCRN3 is conserved in a variety of species, including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. SCRN3 is predicted to be an integral component of the cytoplasm.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047221 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. 1 2 FAM185A Gene page at NCBI
  5. Huang SW, Lin YY, You EM, Liu TT, Shu HY, Wu KM, Tsai SF, Lo CF, Kou GH, Ma GC, Chen M, Wu D, Aoki T, Hirono I, Yu HT (2011). "Fosmid library end sequencing reveals a rarely known genome structure of marine shrimp Penaeus monodon". BMC Genomics. 12: 242. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-242 . PMC   3124438 . PMID   21575266.
  6. "BLAST". NCBI.
  7. "CDD page for DUF4098". NCBI. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  8. "FAM185BP - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  9. 1 2 "ElDorado". Genomatix.
  10. Database, GeneCards Human Gene. "FAM185A Gene - GeneCards - F185A Protein - F185A Antibody". www.genecards.org.
  11. Group, Schuler. "EST Profile - Hs.202543". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  12. Horton, Paul. "WoLF PSORT" . Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo]
  14. RGD. "Fam185a (family with sequence similarity 185, member A) - Rat Genome Database". rgd.mcw.edu.