 Central America |  United States |
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Relations between the Federal Republic of Central America, also known as the Central American Federation, and the United States were formally established in 1824 following the Federation's independence from Spain. Relations lasted until 1841 when the Federation dissolved and relations with the United States continued among the newly independent former member states of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
The United States recognized the Central American Federation following its independence from Spain on August 4, 1824. Recognition was given when President James Monroe received Antonio José Cañas, the founder of the Central American Federation, as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. [1]
On December 5, 1825, the Federation and the United States signed the Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation. The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C. by Secretary of State Henry Clay and Central American ambassador Antonio José Cañas. The treaty was ratified by both countries and it entered into force on August 2, 1826, when ratifications were exchanged in Guatemala City. Following the Federation's collapse in 1847, the treaty lost legal force.
In 1826, a legation office for the United States was established in Guatemala City. On May 3, John Williams presented his credentials after he was appointed Chargé d’Affaires by President John Quincy Adams. Today, the legation office is the current American Embassy to Guatemala. [1]
The treaty increased revenue for the Federation whose economy was drastically poor. The United States not only was the largest trading partner of the Federation but also its biggest subsidizer. Prior to the signing of the treaty, trade with the U.S. amounted to $700,000 yearly, including $200,000 in smuggled goods due to customs inspection conducted in fraudulent manners. John Williams would assist the Federation in helping its economy grow. Williams opposed implementing an increase in tariffs calling it an "injustice". To help with agriculture, agricultural implements were admitted duty-free with funds sent to Europe to purchase the knowledge and machinery. [2]
With the outbreak of the First Central American Civil War and Second Central American Civil War, the Federation was beginning to collapse and inevitably it did during the Second Civil War from 1838 to 1840. William Sumter Murphy was appointed as ambassador to the Federation under the title of Special and Confidential Agent of the United States to Central America. Murphy did not formally leave his post as ambassador until March 1842. And during the period from April 1844 to April 1853 began recognizing and establishing formal relations with the successor states of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The Federation formally dissolved in 1841 ending relations between the two states. [1]
Central America is a subregion of the Americas. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America usually consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage.
Central America is commonly said to include Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. This definition matches modern political borders. Central America begins geographically in Mexico, at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico's narrowest point, and the former country of Yucatán (1841–1848) was part of Central America. At the other end, before its independence in 1903 Panama was part of South America, as it was a Department of Colombia. At times Belize, a British colony until 1981, where English instead of Spanish is spoken, and where the population is primarily of African origin, has been considered not part of (Spanish-speaking) Central America.
The Federal Republic of Central America was a sovereign state south of Mexico which existed from 1823 to 1841. Originally known as the United Provinces of Central America, the democratic republic was composed of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain.
The Greater Republic of Central America, later the United States of Central America, originally planned to be known as the Republic of Central America, was a short-lived political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, lasting from 1896 to 1898. It was an attempt to revive the failed Federal Republic of Central America that existed earlier in the century.
The Bancroft treaties, also called the Bancroft conventions, were a series of agreements made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries between the United States and other countries. They recognized the right of each party's nationals to become naturalized citizens of the other; and defined circumstances in which naturalized persons were legally presumed to have abandoned their new citizenship and resumed their old one.
Territorial disputes of Nicaragua include the territorial dispute with Colombia over the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina and Quita Sueño Bank. Nicaragua also has a maritime boundary dispute with Honduras in the Caribbean Sea and a boundary dispute over the Rio San Juan with Costa Rica.
The Central American Integration System has been the economic and political organization of Central American states since 1 February 1993. On 13 December 1991, the ODECA countries signed the Protocol of Tegucigalpa, extending earlier cooperation for regional peace, political freedom, democracy and economic development. SICA's General Secretariat is in El Salvador.
This is an index of Central America-related articles. This index defines Central America as the seven nations of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The Guatemalan Embassy is the diplomatic representative of the Guatemala Government to the United States Government. Its main functions are to protect the interests of the State and its citizens; keep the channels of communication between governments, encourage and promote trade relations and track identified topics of interest by both countries.
The United States–Central America Treaty is an 1825 treaty between the United States and the Federal Republic of Central America. It was the second bilateral U.S. treaty concluded with a sovereign state in the Americas.
Frederick Chatfield was the United Kingdom's consul in Central America from 1834 to 1852, a key period in the decolonisation of the region.
The 1923 Central American Treaty of Peace and Amity, officially known as the General Treaty of Peace and Amity, 1923, was a treaty signed by the five nations of Central America in 1923 which established that all nations would denounce and not recognize any government which arose in any of the five signatory nations through illegal means. The treaty remained effective from its signing on 7 February 1923 until it was denounced by the Central American Court of Justice in 1934.
Relations between the Greater Republic of Central America, also known as the United Provinces of Central America, and the United States were formally established in 1896 following El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua agreeing to form a union similar to the former Federal Republic of Central America. Relations lasted until 1898 when the Great Republic dissolved and relations with the United States continued with the individual states of El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
From January 1822 to July 1823, the five Central American nations of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua were controlled by the First Mexican Empire, and briefly, the Supreme Executive Power. Collectively known as the Captaincy General of Guatemala, each nation was one of the five southernmost provinces of the Mexican Empire. This incorporation of Central America brought Mexico to the height of its territorial extent.
This article incorporates public domain material from "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Central American Federation". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets . United States Department of State.
