Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's foil

Last updated

Contents

Men's foil
at the Games of the XXVII Olympiad
Kim Young-Ho from acrofan.JPG
Kim Young-ho
Venue Sydney Exhibition Centre
Date20 September 2000
Competitors40 from 22 nations
Medalists
Gold medal icon.svg Kim Young-ho Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  South Korea
Silver medal icon.svg Ralf Bißdorf Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Bronze medal icon.svg Dmitry Shevchenko Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
  1996
2004  

The men's foil was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-third appearance of the event. The competition was held on 20 September 2000. 40 fencers from 22 nations competed. [1] Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Kim Yeong-Ho of South Korea, the first Asian man to win an Olympic fencing title. Ralf Bißdorf of Germany took silver, the first medal for united Germany since 1928 (though East and West Germany had each won medals separately). Dmitry Shevchenko's bronze medal was Russia's first as an independent nation in the event.

Background

This was the 23rd appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1908 (when there was a foil display only rather than a medal event). Four of the eight quarterfinalists from 1996 returned: silver medalist Lionel Plumenail of France, fourth-place finisher Wolfgang Wienand of Germany, fifth-place finisher Rolando Tucker of Cuba, sixth-place finisher (and 1992 silver medalist) Sergei Golubitsky of Ukraine, and eighth-place finisher Kim Young-ho of South Korea. Golubitsky was the favorite, having won all three world championships between Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000. Kim was a serious contender as well, rising from an unknown giant-killer (knocking off then-reigning world champion Dmitriy Shevchenko of Russia in the 1996 Games) to a giant himself (taking second in the 1997 and third in the 1999 world championships). Shevchenko returned as well, hoping for a better result than his early exit in Atlanta. [2]

For the first time in the event's history, no nations made their debut in the men's foil. France and the United States each made their 21st appearance, tied for most of any nation; France had missed only the 1904 (with fencers not traveling to St. Louis) and the 1912 (boycotted due to a dispute over rules) foil competitions, while the United States had missed the inaugural 1896 competition and boycotted the 1980 Games altogether.

Competition format

The 1996 tournament had vastly simplified the competition format into a single-elimination bracket, with a bronze medal match. The 2000 tournament continued to use that format. Bouts were to 15 touches. Standard foil rules regarding target area, striking, and priority were used. [2]

Schedule

All times are Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10)

DateTimeRound
Wednesday, 20 September 20009:30
17:30
Round of 64
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Bronze medal match
Final

Results

The field of 40 fencers competed in a single-elimination tournament to determine the medal winners. Semifinal losers proceeded to a bronze medal match.

Section 1

Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals
Flag of Italy.svg  Salvatore Sanzo  (ITA)15
Flag of Australia.svg  Gerald McMahon  (AUS)9 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  Wang Haibin  (CHN)10
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  Wang Haibin  (CHN)15Flag of Italy.svg  Salvatore Sanzo  (ITA)15
Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).png  Carlos Rodríguez  (VEN)7
Flag of Russia.svg  Ilgar Mamedov  (RUS)14
Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).png  Carlos Rodríguez  (VEN)15
Flag of Italy.svg  Salvatore Sanzo  (ITA)14
Flag of Russia.svg  Dmitry Shevchenko  (RUS)15
Flag of Cuba.svg  Elvis Gregory  (CUB)15
Flag of Japan.svg  Naoto Okazaki  (JPN)6 Flag of Kuwait.svg  Abdul Muhsen Ali  (KUW)5
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Abdul Muhsen Ali  (KUW)15Flag of Cuba.svg  Elvis Gregory  (CUB)14
Flag of Russia.svg  Dmitry Shevchenko  (RUS)15
Flag of Russia.svg  Dmitry Shevchenko  (RUS)15
Flag of Poland.svg  Adam Krzesiński  (POL)8

Section 2

Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Serhiy Holubytskiy  (UKR)15
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  James Beevers  (GBR)15Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  James Beevers  (GBR)1
Flag of Brazil.svg  Marco Martins  (BRA)7 Flag of Ukraine.svg  Serhiy Holubytskiy  (UKR)15
Flag of Italy.svg  Matteo Zennaro  (ITA)12
Flag of Italy.svg  Matteo Zennaro  (ITA)15
Flag of Italy.svg  Daniele Crosta  (ITA)11
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Serhiy Holubytskiy  (UKR)5
Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  Kim Yeong-Ho  (KOR)15
Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  Kim Yeong-Ho  (KOR)15
Flag of France.svg  Brice Guyart  (FRA)15Flag of France.svg  Brice Guyart  (FRA)13
Flag of Argentina (1861-2010).svg  Leandro Marchetti  (ARG)6 Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  Kim Yeong-Ho  (KOR)15
Flag of the United States.svg  Cliff Bayer  (USA)14
Flag of the United States.svg  Cliff Bayer  (USA)15
Flag of Poland.svg  Ryszard Sobczak  (POL)9

Section 3

Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals
Flag of France.svg  Jean-Noël Ferrari  (FRA)15
Flag of France.svg  Lionel Plumenail  (FRA)15Flag of France.svg  Lionel Plumenail  (FRA)8
Flag of Egypt.svg  Tamer Mohamed Tahoun  (EGY)9 Flag of France.svg  Jean-Noël Ferrari  (FRA)15
Flag of Cuba.svg  Rolando Tucker  (CUB)13
Flag of Cuba.svg  Rolando Tucker  (CUB)15
Flag of Austria.svg  Joachim Wendt  (AUT)5
Flag of France.svg  Jean-Noël Ferrari  (FRA)15
Flag of Germany.svg  Richard Breutner  (GER)9
Flag of Cuba.svg  Oscar García  (CUB)9
Flag of Poland.svg  Sławomir Mocek  (POL)15Flag of Poland.svg  Sławomir Mocek  (POL)15
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Maher Ben Aziza  (TUN)2 Flag of Poland.svg  Sławomir Mocek  (POL)8
Flag of Germany.svg  Richard Breutner  (GER)15
Flag of Russia.svg  Andrey Deyev  (RUS)10
Flag of Germany.svg  Richard Breutner  (GER)15

Section 4

Round of 64 Round of 32 Round of 16 Quarterfinals
Flag of Germany.svg  Wolfgang Wienand  (GER)8
Flag of Hungary.svg  Márk Marsi  (HUN)15Flag of Hungary.svg  Márk Marsi  (HUN)15
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Andrey Kolganov  (KAZ)13 Flag of Hungary.svg  Márk Marsi  (HUN)15
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  Ye Chong  (CHN)8
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  Ye Chong  (CHN)15
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  Dong Zhaozhi  (CHN)6
Flag of Hungary.svg  Márk Marsi  (HUN)13
Flag of Germany.svg  Ralf Bißdorf  (GER)15
Flag of Portugal.svg  João Gomes  (POR)15
Flag of Austria.svg  Michael Ludwig  (AUT)12
Flag of Portugal.svg  João Gomes  (POR)11
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Oleksiy Kruhliak  (UKR)15Flag of Germany.svg  Ralf Bißdorf  (GER)15
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Oleksiy Bryzhalov  (UKR)9 Flag of Ukraine.svg  Oleksiy Kruhliak  (UKR)7
Flag of Germany.svg  Ralf Bißdorf  (GER)15

Finals

 
SemifinalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
Flag of Russia.svg  Dmitry Shevchenko  (RUS) 14
 
 
 
Flag of South Korea (1984-1997).svg  Kim Yeong-Ho  (KOR)15
 
Flag of South Korea (1984-1997).svg  Kim Yeong-Ho  (KOR)15
 
 
 
Flag of Germany.svg  Ralf Bißdorf  (GER) 14
 
Flag of France.svg  Jean-Noël Ferrari  (FRA) 13
 
 
Flag of Germany.svg  Ralf Bißdorf  (GER)15
 
Bronze medal match
 
 
 
 
 
Flag of Russia.svg  Dmitry Shevchenko  (RUS)15
 
 
Flag of France.svg  Jean-Noël Ferrari  (FRA) 14

Final classification

RankFencerNation
Gold medal icon.svg Kim Yeong-Ho Flag of South Korea (1997-2011).svg  South Korea
Silver medal icon.svg Ralf Bißdorf Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Bronze medal icon.svg Dmitry Shevchenko Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
4 Jean-Noël Ferrari Flag of France.svg  France
5 Salvatore Sanzo Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
6 Serhiy Holubytskiy Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
7 Richard Breutner Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
8 Márk Marsi Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
9 Elvis Gregory Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
10 Cliff Bayer Flag of the United States.svg  United States
11 Matteo Zennaro Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
12 João Gomes Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal
13 Carlos Rodríguez Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).png  Venezuela
14 Rolando Tucker Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
15 Ye Chong Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
16 Sławomir Mocek Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
17 Oscar García Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
18 Wolfgang Wienand Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
19 Dong Zhaozhi Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
20 Joachim Wendt Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
21 Ilgar Mamedov Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
22 Michael Ludwig Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
23 Daniele Crosta Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
24 Ryszard Sobczak Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
25 Andrey Deyev Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
26 Adam Krzesiński Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
27 Brice Guyart Flag of France.svg  France
28 James Beevers Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
29 Lionel Plumenail Flag of France.svg  France
30 Wang Haibin Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
31 Oleksiy Kruhliak Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
32 Abdul Muhsen Ali Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait
33 Naoto Okazaki Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
34 Oleksiy Bryzhalov Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
35 Gerald McMahon Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
36 Tamer Mohamed Tahoun Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
37 Marco Martins Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
38 Leandro Marchetti Flag of Argentina (1861-2010).svg  Argentina
39 Maher Ben Aziza Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia
40 Andrey Kolganov Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's épée</span> Olympic fencing event

The men's épée was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1900. The competition was held from 11 to 13 July at the Östermalm Athletic Grounds. There were 93 competitors from 15 nations. Each nation could enter up to 12 fencers. The event was won by Paul Anspach of Belgium. His countryman Philippe le Hardy took bronze. Silver went to Denmark's Ivan Joseph Martin Osiier, the only medal won by the perennial Olympian who competed in seven Games over 40 years. The medals were the first in the men's épée for both nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's épée</span> Olympic fencing event

The men's épée was a competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. A total of 37 men from 21 nations competed in this event. Each nation was limited to 3 fencers. Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 17. The event was won by Marcel Fischer of Switzerland, the nation's first victory in the event and first medal of any color since 1952. Wang Lei's silver was China's first medal in the men's individual épée. Defending champion Pavel Kolobkov earned bronze, finishing a set of three different-colored Olympic medals in the event. Kolobkov was the fourth man to earn three medals in the event and had the best record of any of the four; only Ramón Fonst had more individual Olympic success in the men's épée. It was the fifth consecutive Games in which a Russian fencer reached the podium, including medals for Russian fencers competing for the Soviet Union (1988) and Unified Team (1992).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span>

The men's foil was a competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. A total of 36 men from 20 nations competed in this event. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 16. The event was won by Brice Guyart of France, the nation's ninth victory in the men's foil. Italy took the other two medals, with Salvatore Sanzo earning silver and Andrea Cassarà winning the bronze medal match.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre</span>

The men's sabre was a competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. A total of 39 men from 21 nations competed in this event. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 14. The event was won by Aldo Montano of Italy, the nation's first victory in the men's sabre since 1920. Montano accomplished what his grandfather and father, both world champions in the individual event and Olympic medalists in the team competition, had not been able to: Olympic gold in the individual event. Zsolt Nemcsik of Hungary took silver while Vladislav Tretiak earned Ukraine's first medal in the event with his bronze. France's five-Games medal streak ended.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span>

The men's foil was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event. A total of 56 fencers from 10 nations competed in the event, which was held on August 17 and August 18, 1920. Nations were limited to eight fencers each, with Belgium and Italy entering the maximum. Nedo Nadi of Italy repeated as Olympic champion, retaining the title he initially won at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Philippe Cattiau and Roger Ducret of France earned silver and bronze, respectively, returning France to the podium for the first time since 1900.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span>

The men's foil fencing competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing took place on August 13 at the Olympic Green Convention Centre. There were 26 competitors from 21 nations. The event was won by Benjamin Kleibrink of Germany, the nation's first victory in the men's foil. Yuki Ota's silver was Japan's first medal in the event. Salvatore Sanzo of Italy took bronze, becoming the 10th man to win multiple medals in the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's foil was one of seven fencing events on the fencing at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the eighth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 2 to 4 August 1932. 26 fencers from 12 nations competed, with one other entered but not starting. Each nation was limited to three fencers. The event was won by Gustavo Marzi of Italy, the nation's third victory in the men's foil. His countryman Giulio Gaudini took bronze for the second consecutive Games, becoming the fourth man to win multiple medals in the event. Joe Levis gave the United States its first men's foil medal with his silver.

The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1968 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 15 to 16 October 1968. 64 fencers from 25 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Ion Drîmbă of Romania, the nation's first medal in the men's foil. Silver went to Jenő Kamuti, the first medal for Hungary in the event since 1948. Daniel Revenu of France repeated as the bronze medalist, the sixth man to win multiple medals in the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1980 Summer Olympics programme. It was the eighteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 22 to 23 July 1980. 37 fencers from 16 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Vladimir Smirnov of the Soviet Union, the nation's first victory in the men's foil since 1960 and second overall. His countryman Alexandr Romankov took bronze, becoming the eighth man to win multiple medals in the event. It was the first time in five Games that France did not receive the bronze medal—though Pascal Jolyot earned silver instead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's sabre was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1980 Summer Olympics programme. It was the nineteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 24 to 25 July 1980. 30 fencers from 12 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by defending champion Viktor Krovopuskov of the Soviet Union, the nation's third consecutive victory in the event. Krovopuskov was the third man to successfully defend a sabre title and the 10th man to win two medals of any color in the event. His teammate Mikhail Burtsev took silver. Imre Gedővári's bronze medal returned Hungary to the podium after a one-Games absence broke an eleven-Games streak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1984 Summer Olympics programme. It was the nineteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 1 to 2 August 1984. 58 fencers from 26 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Mauro Numa of Italy, the nation's sixth victory in the men's foil. His countryman Stefano Cerioni took bronze. The silver medal went to Matthias Behr, West Germany's first medal in the event and the first medal for any German athlete since 1928. France's five-Games podium streak ended.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's épée</span> Olympic fencing event

The men's épée was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-third appearance of the event. The competition was held on 16 September 2000. 42 fencers from 22 nations competed. Each nation was limited to three fencers. The event was won by Pavel Kolobkov of Russia, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's individual épée. Russia joined a five-way tie for third-most gold medals in the event at two. Kolobkov, who had a silver medal in 1992 representing the Unified Team, was the 11th man to win multiple medals in the event. France's Hugues Obry took silver in Sydney, returning France to the podium after a one-Games absence snapped a four-Games medal streak. Lee Sang-ki earned South Korea's first medal in the event with his bronze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1988 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twentieth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 20 to 21 September 1988. 68 fencers from 29 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Stefano Cerioni of Italy, the nation's second consecutive and seventh overall victory in the men's foil. Cerioni was the ninth man to win multiple medals in the event. Udo Wagner earned East Germany's first medal in the event with his silver, while Aleksandr Romankov's bronze put the Soviet Union back on the podium after a one-Games absence caused by the boycott. Romankov also became the third man to win three medals in the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1992 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-first appearance of the event. The competition was held on 31 July 1992. 59 fencers from 25 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Philippe Omnès of France, the nation's first victory in the men's foil since 1956 and eighth overall. Serhiy Holubytskiy of the Unified Team took silver. Elvis Gregory earned Cuba's first medal in the event in 88 years with his bronze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's épée</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's épée was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 1996 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-second appearance of the event. The competition was held on 20 July 1996. 45 fencers from 21 nations competed, a sharply reduced number from prior Games which generally had 60 to 80 fencers. Each nation remained limited to 3 fencers in the event. The event was won by Aleksandr Beketov of Russia, the nation's first victory and first medal in the event in its debut. Iván Trevejo's silver was Cuba's first medal in the event since Ramón Fonst won the first two gold medals in 1900 and 1904. The bronze went to Géza Imre of Hungary, that nation's first medal in the men's individual épée since 1980. France's four-Games podium streak ended.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's foil was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 1996 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-second appearance of the event. The competition was held on 22 July 1996. 45 fencers from 19 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Alessandro Puccini of Italy, the nation's eighth victory in the men's foil. France took the other two medals, with Lionel Plumenail earning silver and Franck Boidin winning the bronze medal match.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's sabre was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 21 September 2000. 39 fencers from 20 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Mihai Covaliu of Romania, the nation's first medal in the men's sabre. Mathieu Gourdain's silver extended France's podium streak in the event to five Games. Germany also earned its first medal in the men's sabre, with Wiradech Kothny's bronze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's foil</span>

The men's foil competition in fencing at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held on 31 July at the ExCeL London Exhibition Centre. There were 38 competitors from 20 nations. Lei Sheng of China won the gold medal, beating Alaaeldin Abouelkassem from Egypt in the final. It was the first medal in the individual men's foil for each of those nations. Choi Byung-chul of South Korea took bronze. The 2012 podium was the first time since 1904 that no European fencer won a medal in the event.

The men's foil competition in fencing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 7 August at the Carioca Arena 3. The medals were presented by Paul Tergat, IOC member, Kenya and Donald Anthony Jr., Executive Board Member of FIE. There were 35 competitors from 19 nations. The event was won by Daniele Garozzo of Italy, the nation's ninth victory in the men's foil and first since 1996. The silver medalist was American Alexander Massialas, earning the United States' first medal in the event since 1960. Timur Safin of Russia took bronze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fencing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre</span> Fencing at the Olympics

The men's sabre competition in fencing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 10 August at the Carioca Arena 3. There were 32 competitors from 25 nations. The event was won by Áron Szilágyi of Hungary, the fourth man to successfully defend an Olympic title in the sabre and 14th to win multiple medals of any color. It was Hungary's 14th gold medal in the event, half of all possible. Daryl Homer earned the United States' first medal in the event since 1984 with his silver, while Kim Jung-hwan took South Korea's first individual men's sabre medal ever with his bronze.

References

  1. "Fencing: 2000 Olympic Results - Men's foil". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  2. 1 2 "Foil, Individual, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 November 2020.