The history of Guatemala begins with the Maya civilization,which was among those that flourished in their country. The country's modern history began with the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in 1524. Most of the great Classic-era (250–900 AD) Maya cities of the Petén Basin region,in the northern lowlands,had been abandoned by the year 1000 AD. The states in the Belize central highlands flourished until the 1525 arrival of Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado. Called "The Invader" by the Mayan people,he immediately began subjugating the Indian states.
Politics of Guatemala takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic,where by the President of Guatemala is both head of state,head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Congress of the Republic. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Guatemala is a Constitutional Republic.
The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University,a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights,Manhattan,New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields,as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.
The Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala is the largest and oldest university of Guatemala;it is also the fourth founded in the Americas. Established in the Kingdom of Guatemala during the Spanish colony,it was the only university in Guatemala until 1954,although it continues to hold distinction as the only public university in the entire country.
Alberto Fuentes Mohr was a Guatemalan economist and politician,one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party. He also served as Minister of Finance and foreign minister during the 1960s.
Carlos Salazar Castro was a Central American military officer and Liberal politician. Briefly in 1834 he was provisional president of El Salvador,and in 1839 he was provisional president of Guatemala.
Otto Fernando Pérez Molina is a Guatemalan politician and retired general who served as the 48th president of Guatemala from 2012 to 2015. Standing as the Patriotic Party candidate,he lost the 2007 presidential election but prevailed in the 2011 presidential election. During the 1990s,before entering politics,he served as Director of Military Intelligence,Presidential Chief of Staff under President Ramiro de León Carpio,and as the chief representative of the military for the Guatemalan Peace Accords. On being elected President,he called for the legalization of drugs.
Guatemala,officially the Republic of Guatemala,is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico,to the northeast by Belize,to the east by Honduras,and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically bordered to the south by the Pacific Ocean and to the northeast by the Gulf of Honduras.
Epsy Alejandra Campbell Barr is a Costa Rican politician and economist who served as the Vice-president of Costa Rica from 8 May 2018 to 8 May 2022. She is the first woman of African descent to be vice president in Costa Rica and in Latin America.
The International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala was an international body charged with investigating and prosecuting serious crime in Guatemala. On January 7,2019,the agreement between the United Nations and Guatemala was terminated by Guatemalan president Jimmy Morales,evoking CICIG's alleged participation in illegal acts,abuse of authority and acts against the constitution. The UN rejected this unilateral termination,and the country's highest law court ruled against the president's decision. CICIG's term was scheduled to end in September 2019. Morales' decision,approved by the country's business elite,triggered an institutional crisis in Guatemala,as the Constitutional court sided with CICIG. Morales is being investigated concerning his campaign financing.
Fernando Felipe Sánchez Campos was born on January 13,1974,in Costa Rica. He is a Costa Rican politician.
RenéCastro Salazar,was FAO's Climate,Biodiversity,Land and Water Department Assistant-Director General and a former Costa Rican politician.
Guatemala and Mexico are neighboring nations who established diplomatic relations in 1848. In January 1959 both nations broke diplomatic relations as a result of the Mexico–Guatemala conflict,however,diplomatic relations were re-established 8 months later in September of that same year. Since then diplomatic relations have continued unabated since. Diplomatic relations between both nations are based on close proximity,trade,cultural similarities and a shared history.
Costa Rica became a member of the United Nations on November 2,1945.
Carlos Raúl Morales Moscoso is a Guatemalan diplomat and former government official. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Guatemala from September 2014 to August 2017.
Manuel Francisco Pavón Aycinena was a conservative Guatemalan politician during the regime of General Rafael Carrera. He was influential in the founding of the government's executive branch and held several Cabinet offices during his career.
Alejandro Baltazar Maldonado Aguirre is a Guatemalan statesman who served as the acting president of Guatemala following the Congress' acceptance of the resignation of President Otto Pérez Molina on September 3,2015.
General elections were held in Costa Rica in 2018 to elect both the President and Legislative Assembly. The first round of the presidential election was held on 4 February 2018,with the two highest-ranked candidates being Christian singer and Congressman Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz from the conservative National Restoration Party and writer and former Minister Carlos Alvarado Quesada from the progressive Citizens' Action Party,gaining 24% and 21% of the votes respectively. As no candidate received more than 40% of the first round vote,a second round run-off election was held on 1 April 2018 and was won by Carlos Alvarado Quesada,with a landslide victory of 60.6% of the vote.
Juan Alberto Fuentes Knight is a Guatemalan economist,politician,and non-profit official. Among other roles,he has served as Minister of Finance in Guatemala and as chairman of Oxfam International.
Guatemalan–Kosovar relations are foreign relations between Guatemala and Kosovo. Formal diplomatic relations between two states are non-existent as Guatemala does not recognize Kosovo as a sovereign state.
