The Doppler effect is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. The Doppler effect is named after the physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842. A common example of Doppler shift is the change of pitch heard when a vehicle sounding a horn approaches and recedes from an observer. Compared to the emitted frequency, the received frequency is higher during the approach, identical at the instant of passing by, and lower during the recession.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electrical network</span> Assemblage of connected electrical elements](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ohm%27s_Law_with_Voltage_source_TeX.svg/320px-Ohm%27s_Law_with_Voltage_source_TeX.svg.png)
An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements. An electrical circuit is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. Thus all circuits are networks, but not all networks are circuits.
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language. A programmer writes the human readable source code to control the behavior of a computer.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">MOSFET</span> Type of field-effect transistor](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/D2PAK.JPG/320px-D2PAK.JPG)
In electronics, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated by the controlled oxidation of silicon. It has an insulated gate, the voltage of which determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The term metal–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) is almost synonymous with MOSFET. Another near-synonym is insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET).
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Water pollution</span> Contamination of water bodies](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG/320px-Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG)
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including stormwater. Water pollution may affect either surface water or groundwater. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Another is spreading water-borne diseases when people use polluted water for drinking or irrigation. Water pollution also reduces the ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by the water resource.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics</span>](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/Field_Hockey%2C_Athens_2004.png)
Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Olympic Hockey Centre located within the Helliniko Olympic Complex. The competitions for both men and women was split into two groups with the top two teams after the preliminary rounds progressing through to the semi-finals.
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules and their activities against biological assays. The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a component of the National Library of Medicine, which is part of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH). PubChem can be accessed for free through a web user interface. Millions of compound structures and descriptive datasets can be freely downloaded via FTP. PubChem contains multiple substance descriptions and small molecules with fewer than 100 atoms and 1,000 bonds. More than 80 database vendors contribute to the growing PubChem database.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">2000–01 UEFA Champions League</span> 46th season of the UEFA club football tournament](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/San_Siro_Stadium_%28Meazza%29_panorama_empty.jpg/320px-San_Siro_Stadium_%28Meazza%29_panorama_empty.jpg)
The 2000–01 UEFA Champions League was the 46th season of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA's premier European club football tournament, and the ninth since it was rebranded from the "European Champion Clubs' Cup" or "European Cup". The competition was won by Bayern Munich for their first title since 1976, defeating Valencia 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw after extra time. It was the German club's first UEFA Champions League title and their fourth European Cup overall; Valencia suffered their second consecutive final defeat, having lost to Real Madrid in the previous season. The knockout phase saw Bayern eliminate the preceding two Champions League winners, Manchester United and Real Madrid, winning all four games in the process. Valencia, meanwhile, defeated English sides Arsenal and Leeds United in the knockout phase en route to the final.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human penis</span> Human male external reproductive organ](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penis_with_Labels.jpg/320px-Penis_with_Labels.jpg)
In human anatomy, the penis is an external sex organ through which males urinate and ejaculate. Together with the testes and surrounding structures, the penis functions as part of the male reproductive system.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">GitHub</span> Hosting service for software projects](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GitHub_Invertocat_Logo.svg/320px-GitHub_Invertocat_Logo.svg.png)
GitHub is a developer platform that allows developers to create, store, manage, and share their code. It uses Git software, which provides distributed version control of access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous integration, and wikis for every project. Headquartered in California, it has been a subsidiary of Microsoft since 2018.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">DuckDuckGo</span> American software company and Web search engine](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/DuckDuckGo_logo.svg/320px-DuckDuckGo_logo.svg.png)
DuckDuckGo is an American software company focused on online privacy, whose flagship product is a search engine of the same name. Founded by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008, its later products include browser extensions and a custom DuckDuckGo web browser. Headquartered in Paoli, Pennsylvania, DuckDuckGo is a privately held company with about 200 employees. The company's name is a reference to the children's game duck, duck, goose.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canada at the Pan American Games</span> Sporting event delegation](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/320px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png)
Canada has competed at every edition of the Pan American Games since the second edition of the multi-sport event in 1955. As of the last Pan American Games in 2019, Canada is third on the all time medals list, only behind the United States and Cuba. Canada is also one of nine countries to have competed at the only Winter Pan American Games, and only of one two to win a medal at the games.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asian Para Games</span> Multi-sport event](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asian_Paralympic_Committee_Logo_2021Ver.svg/320px-Asian_Paralympic_Committee_Logo_2021Ver.svg.png)
The Asian Para Games, also known as Para Asiad, is a multi-sport event regulated by the Asian Paralympic Committee that's held every four years after every Asian Games for athletes with physical disabilities. Both events had adopted the strategy used by the Olympic and Paralympic Games of having both games in the same city. However, the exclusion of Asian Para Games from Asian Games host city contract meant that both events ran independently of each other. The Games are recognized by the International Paralympic Committee and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Paralympic Games.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Argentina at the Pan American Games</span> Sporting event delegation](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/320px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png)
Argentina has competed at every edition of the Pan American Games since the first edition of the multi-sport event in 1951, in which it hosted. Argentina competed in the first ever Pan American Winter Games in 1990; however, it failed to get medals.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">China at the 2010 Asian Games</span> Sporting event delegation](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/320px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)
China participated and hosted the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou on 12–27 November 2010. China achieved a historic milestone by surpassing the 400-medal threshold in a single edition, so becoming the first nation to do so in the history of the Asian Games.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thailand at the 2010 Asian Games</span> Sporting event delegation](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/320px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
Thailand participated in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China between 12–27 November 2010. The National Olympic Committee of Thailand sent 593 athletes to Guangzhou, and competed in 39 out of 42 sports. Thailand ended the games at 52 overall medals including 11 gold medals. These games witnessed first ever gold medals in Taekwondo.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open source</span> Source code made freely available](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Open_Source_Initiative.svg/320px-Open_Source_Initiative.svg.png)
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use and view the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public. The open source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code. The model is used for projects such as in open source appropriate technology, and open source drug discovery.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country</span>](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/320px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png)
This article contains the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths per population as of 9 December 2024, by country. It also has cumulative death totals by country. For these numbers over time see the tables, graphs, and maps at COVID-19 pandemic deaths and COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory.