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Halomonadaceae is a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.
Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993. Bacteria belonging to this genus have been detected in a variety of environments, such as: soil, water, rhizosphere, vegetable matter, forage and insect larvae, as well as clinical samples. The name reflects: Latin paene means almost, so the paenibacilli are literally "almost bacilli". The genus includes P. larvae, which causes American foulbrood in honeybees, P. polymyxa, which is capable of fixing nitrogen, so is used in agriculture and horticulture, the Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 which is a rich source of chemical agents for biotechnology applications, and pattern-forming strains such as P. vortex and P. dendritiformis discovered in the early 90s, which develop complex colonies with intricate architectures as shown in the pictures:
Erysipelothrix is a genus of bacteria containing four described species, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, Erysipelothrix inopinata and Erysipelothrix larvae. Additional species have been proposed based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies "The hallmark of Erysipelothrix is the presence of a type B cell wall, in which the peptide bridge is formed between amino acids at positions 2 and 4 of adjacent peptide side-chains and not, as in the vast majority of bacteria, between amino acids at positions 3 and 4."
Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature. It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism that she named Flavobacterium meningosepticum. In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus Chryseobacterium and renamed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(chryseos = "golden" in Greek, so Chryseobacterium means a golden/yellow rod similar to Flavobacterium). In 2005, a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacteria showed that C. meningosepticum along with C. miricola were close to each other but outside the tree of the rest of the Chryseobacteria and were then placed in a new genus Elizabethkingia named after the original discoverer of F. meningosepticum.
Alteromonas is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the coast. It is Gram-negative. Its cells are curved rods with a single polar flagellum.
Aryldialkylphosphatase is a metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes the triester linkage found in organophosphate insecticides.
Paenibacillus vulneris is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium. Strains of this species were originally isolated from a necrotic wound on a human.
Sulfurimonas is a bacterial genus within the class of Epsilonproteobacteria, known for reducing nitrate, oxidizing both sulfur and hydrogen, and containing Group IV hydrogenases. This genus consists of four species: Sulfurimonas autorophica, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, Sulfurimonas gotlandica, and Sulfurimonas paralvinellae. The genus' name is derived from "sulfur" in Latin and "monas" from Greek, together meaning a “sulfur-oxidizing rod”. The size of the bacteria varies between about 1.5-2.5 μm in length and 0.5-1.0 μm in width. Members of the genus Sulfurimonas are found in a variety of different environments which include deep sea-vents, marine sediments, and terrestrial habitats. Their ability to survive in extreme conditions is attributed to multiple copies of one enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that members of the genus Sulfurimonas have limited dispersal ability and its speciation was affected by geographical isolation rather than hydrothermal composition. Deep ocean currents affect the dispersal of Sulfurimonas spp., influencing its speciation. As shown in the MLSA report of deep-sea hydrothermal vents Epsilonproteobacteria, Sulfurimonas has a higher dispersal capability compared with deep sea hydrothermal vent thermophiles, indicating allopatric speciation.
Paenibacillus tylopili is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. Described as new to science in 2008, it was found in the mycorhizosphere of the bolete fungus Tylopilus felleus.
Dechloromonas denitrificans is a gram negative, N2O-producing motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Dechloromonas which was isolated from the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Colonies of Dechloromonas denitrificans are yellowish colored.
Sulfurimonas paralvinellae is a hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing ε-proteobacterium. It is a mesophilic chemolithoautotroph.
Pararhizobium capsulatum is a bacterium from the genus Pararhizobium which was isolated from eutrophic forest pond in Germany.
Chryseobacterium scophthalmum is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the gills of a turbot in Scotland. Chryseobacterium scophthalmum produces flexirubin.
Hymenobacter roseosalivarius is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil and sandstone from the Antarctica.
Dokdonia donghaensis is a strictly aerobic, gram-negative, phototrophic bacterium that thrives in marine environments. The organism can grow at a broad range of temperatures on seawater media. It has the ability to form biofilms, which increases the organism’s resistance to antimicrobial agents, such as tetracycline.
Anaerococcus is a genus of bacteria. Its type species is Anaerococcus prevotii. These bacteria are Gram-positive and strictly anaerobic. The genus Anaerococcus was proposed in 2001. Its genome was sequenced in August 2009. The genus Anaerococcus is one of six genera classified within the group GPAC. These six genera are found in the human body as part of the commensal human microbiota.
Flavobacterium algicola is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from a marine algae from the Sea of Okhotsk near Japan.
Flavobacterium degerlachei is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and psychrophilic bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from microbial mat from the Lake Ace in the Antarctica.
Halospina is an extremely halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Hahellaceae with one known species. Halospina denitrificans has been isolated from sediments from a hypersaline lake.
References
- ↑ Horn, M. A. (2005). "Dechloromonas denitrificans sp. nov., Flavobacterium denitrificans sp. nov., Paenibacillus anaericanus sp. nov. and Paenibacillus terrae strain MH72, N2O-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55 (3): 1255–1265. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.63484-0 . ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 15879265.