Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyze and solve problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the free-stream flow of the fluid,and the interaction of the fluid with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers,better solutions can be achieved,and are often required to solve the largest and most complex problems. Ongoing research yields software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is typically performed using experimental apparatus such as wind tunnels. In addition,previously performed analytical or empirical analysis of a particular problem can be used for comparison. A final validation is often performed using full-scale testing,such as flight tests.
Osborne Reynolds was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately,his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the University of Manchester.
A vortex ring,also called a toroidal vortex,is a torus-shaped vortex in a fluid;that is,a region where the fluid mostly spins around an imaginary axis line that forms a closed loop. The dominant flow in a vortex ring is said to be toroidal,more precisely poloidal.
The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution,driven by human dependence on water,meteorological conditions and internal biological processes.
In fluid dynamics,vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) are motions induced on bodies interacting with an external fluid flow,produced by,or the motion producing,periodic irregularities on this flow.
Applied mechanics is the branch of science concerned with the motion of any substance that can be experienced or perceived by humans without the help of instruments. In short,when mechanics concepts surpass being theoretical and are applied and executed,general mechanics becomes applied mechanics. It is this stark difference that makes applied mechanics an essential understanding for practical everyday life. It has numerous applications in a wide variety of fields and disciplines,including but not limited to structural engineering,astronomy,oceanography,meteorology,hydraulics,mechanical engineering,aerospace engineering,nanotechnology,structural design,earthquake engineering,fluid dynamics,planetary sciences,and other life sciences. Connecting research between numerous disciplines,applied mechanics plays an important role in both science and engineering.
Roddam Narasimha FRS was an Indian aerospace scientist and fluid dynamicist. He was a professor of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science (1962–1999),director of the National Aerospace Laboratories (1984–1993) and the chairman of the Engineering Mechanics Unit at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. He was the DST Year-of-Science Chair Professor at JNCASR and concurrently held the Pratt &Whitney Chair in Science and Engineering at the University of Hyderabad. Narasimha was awarded the Padma Vibhushan,India's second-highest civilian award,in 2013 for his contributions to advance India's aerospace technology.
In computational fluid dynamics,the immersed boundary method originally referred to an approach developed by Charles Peskin in 1972 to simulate fluid-structure (fiber) interactions. Treating the coupling of the structure deformations and the fluid flow poses a number of challenging problems for numerical simulations. In the immersed boundary method the fluid is represented in an Eulerian coordinate system and the structure is represented in Lagrangian coordinates. For Newtonian fluids governed by the Navier–Stokes equations,the fluid equations are
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter,and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape.
The Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory,or SAFL,is a research laboratory situated on Hennepin Island in the Mississippi River in Minneapolis,Minnesota,United States. Its primary research is in "Engineering,Environmental,Biological,and Geophysical Fluid Mechanics". It is affiliated with the University of Minnesota's College of Science and Engineering. Research is conducted by graduate students and faculty alike using the 16,000 square feet of research space and 24 different specialized facilities.
Dudley Brian Spalding,FRS FREng was Professor of Heat Transfer and Head of the Computational Fluid Dynamics Unit at Imperial College,London. He was one of the founders of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an internationally recognized contributor to the fields of heat transfer,fluid mechanics and combustion. He created the practice of CFD –its application to problems of interest to engineers. Most of today’s commercially available CFD software tools trace their origin to the work done by Spalding's group in the decade spanning the mid-60s and mid-70s. Spalding became a Fellow of the Royal Society and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is a computational method for the simulation of incompressible free surface flows. It is a macroscopic,deterministic particle method developed by Koshizuka and Oka (1996).
John Oluseun Dabiri is a Nigerian-American aeronautics engineer and the Centennial Chair Professor at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech),with appointments in the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories (GALCIT) and Mechanical Engineering. His research focuses on unsteady fluid mechanics and flow physics,with particular emphasis on topics relevant to biology,energy,and the environment. He is known for his research on biological fluid dynamics in the ocean,of which examples are the hydrodynamics of jellyfish propulsion),and the design of a vertical-axis wind farm adapted from schooling fish.
Renzo Luigi Ricca is an Italian-born applied mathematician,professor of mathematical physics at the University of Milano-Bicocca. His principal research interests are in classical field theory,dynamical systems and structural complexity. He is known for his contributions to the field of geometric and topological fluid dynamics and,in particular,for his work on kinetic and magnetic helicity,physical knot theory and the emergent area of "knotted fields".
John Francis Brady is an American chemical engineer and the Chevron Professor of Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology. He is a fluid mechanician and creator of the Stokesian dynamics method for simulating suspensions of spheres and ellipsoids in low Reynolds number flows. He is an elected fellow of the American Physical Society,a fellow of the Society of Rheology,as well as a member of the National Academy of Sciences,the National Academy of Engineering,and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Ahsan Kareem is the Robert M. Moran Professor of Engineering in the Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences (CEEES) at the University of Notre Dame. He is Director of the Nathaz Modeling Laboratory and served as the past Chair at the Department of CEEES at the University of Notre Dame.
Charles Meneveau is a French-Chilean born American fluid dynamicist,known for his work on turbulence,including turbulence modeling and computational fluid dynamics.
Luciano Castillo is an engineer known for his work in theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics,turbulence and wind energy and for applying scaling analysis and asymptotic methods. He is currently the Kenninger Chair Professor of Renewable Energy and Power Systems in the School of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana,where he is also the Dean’s Faculty Fellow for Hispanic/Latino Engagement,Purdue University,(2019–present).
Jørgen Fredsøe (1947) is a Danish hydraulic engineer who is recognized for his contributions within bed form dynamics in rivers and the marine environment and coastal morphology including bars and beach undulations. Together with professor B. Mutlu Sumer he initiated the research on scour (erosion) in the seabed around coastal structures applying detailed hydrodynamic interpretations. He was born in Randers,Denmark.
Lian-Ping Wang is a mechanical engineer and academic,most known for his work on computational fluid dynamics,turbulence,particle-laden flow,and immiscible multiphase flow,and their applications to industrial and atmospheric processes. He is the Chair Professor of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering at the Southern University of Science and Technology in China,Professor of Mechanical Engineering,and Joint Professor of Physical Ocean Science and Engineering at University of Delaware.
