Fowler Ice Rise ( 77°30′S78°0′W / 77.500°S 78.000°W Coordinates: 77°30′S78°0′W / 77.500°S 78.000°W ) is a very large Antarctic ice rise between Evans Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet, in the southwest part of the Ronne Ice Shelf. The feature appears to be completely ice-covered except for the Haag Nunataks, which protrude above the surface in the northwestern portion. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from Landsat imagery taken 1973–74, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Captain Alfred N. Fowler, U.S. Navy, Commander of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, 1972–74. [1]
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.
An ice rise is a clearly defined elevation of the otherwise totally flat ice shelf, typically dome-shaped and rising 100 to 200 metres above the surrounding ice shelf. An ice rise forms where the ice shelf touches the rocky seabed because of an elevation in the seabed that remains below sea level.. The ice shelf flows over the seabed elevation, completely covering it with ice, thereby forming an ice rise. The resulting tension forms crevasses around the ice rise.
The Ellen Glacier is a glacier in the central Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It drains the eastern slopes of Mount Anderson and Long Gables and flows generally southeast for 22 nautical miles to Barnes Ridge, where it leaves the range and enters the south flowing Rutford Ice Stream.
The Getz Ice Shelf is the largest Antarctic ice shelf along the SE Pacific-Antarctic coastline, over 300 miles (500 km) long and from 20 to 60 miles wide, bordering the Hobbs and Bakutis Coasts of Marie Byrd Land between the McDonald Heights and Martin Peninsula. Several large islands are partially or wholly embedded in the ice shelf, pinning the calving front.
Luitpold Coast is that portion of the coast of Coats Land extending from the vicinity of Hayes Glacier, at 27°54′W, to 36°W, which is regarded as the eastern limit of the Filchner Ice Shelf. It was discovered by Wilhelm Filchner, leader of the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12, and named for Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria.
The Ford Ranges is a grouping of mountain ranges standing east of Sulzberger Ice Shelf and Block Bay in the northwest part of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition on December 5, 1929, and named by Byrd for Edsel Ford of the Ford Motor Company, who helped finance the expedition.
Foundation Ice Stream is a major ice stream in Antarctica's Pensacola Mountains. The ice stream drains northward for 150 nautical miles along the west side of the Patuxent Range and the Neptune Range to enter the Ronne Ice Shelf westward of Dufek Massif. The United States Geological Survey mapped the stream from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66. The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names named the stream in recognition of the National Science Foundation, which provided major support to the U.S. Antarctic Research Program during this period.
Skytrain Ice Rise is a large, flattish, peninsula-like ice rise of about 50 miles extent, extending from the vicinity of Meyer Hills in the Heritage Range eastward into the Ronne Ice Shelf of Antarctica.
The Evans Ice Stream is a large ice stream draining from Ellsworth Land, between Cape Zumberge and Fowler Ice Rise, into the western part of the Ronne Ice Shelf. Mills Glacier flows adjacently into the ice stream from the southwest side. The feature was recorded on February 5, 1974 in Landsat imagery. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Stanley Evans, a British physicist who, starting in 1961, developed apparatus for radio echo sounding of icecaps and glaciers from aircraft; he carried out upper atmosphere research at Brunt Ice Shelf, 1956–57.
Carlson Inlet is an ice-filled inlet, 100 miles (160 km) long and 25 miles (40 km) wide, lying between Fletcher Ice Rise and Fowler Ice Rise in the southwest part of the Ronne Ice Shelf. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Ronald F. Carlson, U.S. Navy, pilot of R4D-8 and C-130 aircraft with Squadron VX-6, who made innumerable flights in support of International Geophysical Year and United States Antarctic Research Program field parties in the 1950s and 1960s. On December 14, 1961, he commanded a C-130 Hercules flight from McMurdo Station across the Ellsworth Mountains, during which he observed, photographed and roughly sketched this inlet.
Sulzberger Bay is a bay between Fisher Island and Vollmer Island, along the coast of King Edward VII Land. Discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition on December 5, 1929, and named by Byrd for Arthur H. Sulzberger, publisher of The New York Times, a supporter of the Byrd expeditions in 1928–1930 and 1933–1935.
Prestrud Inlet is a re-entrant in the south side of the Edward VII Peninsula, at the northeast corner of the Ross Ice Shelf. It was named by the U.S. Antarctic Service expedition (1939–41) in honor of Lt. Kristian Prestrud, leader of Amundsen's Eastern Sledge Party in 1911, who was first to traverse this region.
Jutulstraumen Glacier is a large glacier in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, about 120 nautical miles (220 km) long, draining northward to the Fimbul Ice Shelf between the Kirwan Escarpment, Borg Massif and Ahlmann Ridge on the west and the Sverdrup Mountains on the east. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Jutulstraumen. More specifically jutulen are troll-like figures from Norwegian folk tales. The ice stream reaches speeds of around 4 metres per day near the coast where it is heavily crevassed.
Fletcher Ice Rise, or Fletcher Promontory, is a large ice rise, 100 miles (160 km) long and 40 miles (64 km) wide, at the southwest side of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The feature is completely ice covered and rises between Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet. The ice rise was observed, photographed and roughly sketched by Lieutenant Ronald F. Carlson, U.S. Navy, in the course of a C-130 aircraft flight of December 14–15, 1961 from McMurdo Sound to this vicinity and returning. It was mapped in detail by the U.S. Geological Survey from Landsat imagery taken 1973–74, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Joseph O. Fletcher, director of the Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 1971–74.
Crosson Ice Shelf is an Antarctic ice shelf, about 35 miles (56 km) wide, north and northeast of Mount Murphy along the Walgreen Coast of Marie Byrd Land. The ice shelf is nurtured by Smith, Pope, Vane, and Haynes Glaciers. It was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Commander W.E. Crosson, U.S. Navy, Commanding Officer of the Antarctic Construction Group during Operation Deep Freeze 1973.
Kainan Bay is an iceport which indents the front of the Ross Ice Shelf about 37 nautical miles (70 km) northeast of the northwestern end of Roosevelt Island, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1902 by the British National Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott. It was named by the Japanese Antarctic Expedition under Lieutenant Shirase Nobu which, in January 1912, effected a landing on the ice shelf here from the ship Kainan Maru. Little America V, the main base of U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze, 1955–56, was established at this site in late December 1955.
Constellation Inlet is an ice-filled inlet, 30 nautical miles (60 km) long and 10 nautical miles (20 km) wide, between the Dott Ice Rise and the Skytrain Ice Rise at the southwest margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for the Lockheed Super Constellation aircraft, C-121J. Equipped only with wheeled tricycle landing gear, it was for many years the principal carrier of personnel from the U.S. to New Zealand and thence to the ice runway near McMurdo Station. In addition to its role of hauling men and supplies, the "Connie" flew many hours of aerial photography over Antarctica.
Davis Ice Rise is an ice rise, 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, near the terminus of Smith Glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km) southeast of Mayo Peak, Bear Peninsula, on the Walgreen Coast, Marie Byrd Land. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from U.S. Navy aerial photographs taken 1966 and from Landsat imagery taken 1972–73. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Commander Arthur R. Davis, U.S. Navy, Supply Officer, Operation Deep Freeze, 1975–76 and 1976–77.
McClinton Glacier is a glacier between the base of Martin Peninsula and the Jenkins Heights, flowing east-northeast into the Dotson Ice Shelf, on the Walgreen Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–67, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Racie A. McClinton, Jr., U.S. Navy, an LC-130 flight engineer of Squadron VXE-6, who served in nine Operation Deep Freeze deployments through to 1977.
Talutis Inlet is an ice-filled inlet in the western side of Fowler Ice Rise. The inlet opens onto Carlson Inlet just south of Kealey Ice Rise. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from imagery provided by NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1), 1973-74. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant William R. Talutis, U.S. Navy, Officer-in-Charge of the South Pole Station, 1972.
Kealey Ice Rise is an ice rise, 40 nautical miles (70 km) long and 15 nautical miles (30 km) wide, forming a western lobe of the larger Fowler Ice Rise. It is situated just north of the junction of Talutis Inlet and Carlson Inlet, at the southwest side of the Ronne Ice Shelf. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from imagery provided by the NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1), 1973–74, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Gerald P. Kealey, U.S. Navy, medical officer at South Pole Station in 1971.
The Kershaw Ice Rumples are a large area of disturbed ice between Fletcher Ice Rise and Korff Ice Rise, in the southwestern part of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The feature appears in U.S. Navy aerial photographs taken in the 1960s and in imagery obtained by the NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1), 1973–74. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for John E.G. Kershaw, a senior pilot with the British Antarctic Survey, 1974–75.
The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.
The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories. It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.
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