| Galianemys | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Skull | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira |
| Family: | † Bothremydidae |
| Subfamily: | † Bothremydinae |
| Tribe: | † Cearachelyini |
| Genus: | † Galianemys Gaffney, Tong & Meylan, 2002 [1] |
| Species | |
Galianemys is an extinct genus of turtle in the family Bothremydidae, discovered in the Kem Kem Beds. [1]
The Cryptodira are a suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles. Cryptodira differ from Pleurodira in that they lower their necks and pull the heads straight back into the shells, instead of folding their necks sideways along the body under the shells' marginals. They include among their species freshwater turtles, snapping turtles, tortoises, softshell turtles, and sea turtles.
The Pleurodira are one of the two living suborders of turtles, the other being the Cryptodira. The division between these two suborders represents a very deep evolutionary divide between two very different types of turtles. The physical differences between them, although anatomical and largely internal, are nonetheless significant, and the zoogeographic implications of them are substantial. The Pleurodira are known more commonly as the side-necked turtles and the name Pleurodira quite literally translates to side neck, whereas the Cryptodira are known as hidden-necked turtles. The Pleurodira turtles are currently restricted to freshwater habitats in the Southern Hemisphere, largely to Australia, South America, and Africa. Within the Pleurodira, three living families are represented: Chelidae, also known as the Austro-South American side-necked turtles, the Pelomedusidae, also known as the African mud terrapins, and the Podocnemididae, also known as the American side-neck river turtles. However, they are a cosmopolitan clade across the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, and even occurred in marine environments across the world.
Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles. They belong to suborder Pleurodira and the order Testudines. Like their modern relatives, bothremydidids often inhabited freshwater habitats, but several species were instead marine; they are unrelated to modern sea turtles. They were actively mobile omnivores. They became extinct in the Oligocene or Miocene.
Cearachelys is an extinct genus of pleurodiran turtle which existed some 80 million years ago. The genus is monotypic, with only type species Cearachelys placidoi known.
Kinkonychelys is an extinct genus of side-necked turtle which existed in Madagascar during the Late Cretaceous period. It contains the single species Kinkonychelys rogersi, named in honor of its discoverer, Raymond R. Rogers. The genus and species are based on UA 9748, a nearly complete skull, which represents the first turtle skull described from the pre-Holocene era in Madagascar. A number of isolated skull and jaw bones have also been assigned to K. rogersi. These specimens were found in rocks of the Maastrichtian-age Maevarano Formation in the Mahajanga Basin of northwestern Madagascar. Another specimen, FMNH PR 2446, is speculated to represent another species, currently known as Kinkonychelys sp., but consensus on its distinction from K. rogersi remains unclear.
Sankuchemys is an extinct genus of side-necked turtle whose fossils had been found in the Intertrappean Formation of India during the late Cretaceous period. It was first named by Eugene S. Gaffney, Ashok Sahni, Herman Schleich, Swarn Deep Singh, and Rahul Srivastava in 2003, and contains the species Sankuchemys sethnai.
Kurmademys is an extinct genus of side-necked turtle which existed in India during the late Cretaceous period. It was first named in 2001, by Eugene S. Gaffney, Sankar Chatterjee, and Dhiraj K. Rudra, and contains the species Kurmademys kallamedensis. The species name is derived from the Kallamedu Formation of southern India, where the type specimen of the genus was discovered. It was assigned to the family Bothremydidae.
Chupacabrachelys is an extinct genus of bothremydid turtle which existed in western Texas, United States during the late Cretaceous epoch. Its fossils were discovered in Aguja Formation in the Big Bend region, and its type example is one of the most complete bothremydid specimens known. It was first named by Thomas M. Lehman and Steven L. Wick in 2010 and the type species is Chupacabrachelys complexus. Chupacabrachelys was named after the cryptid of the same name from Mexican folklore.
Foxemys is an extinct genus of bothremydid turtle that was discovered at Fox Amphoux, France and also Hungary and Spain. Its skull and shell structure is similar to Polysternon. Two species are in the genus: F. mechinorum and F. trabanti.
Polysternon is a genus of turtles in the extinct family Bothremydidae. It was described by Portis in 1882, and contains the species P. provinciale, which existed during the Cretaceous of what is now France; P. atlanticum, which existed during the Cretaceous at Laño in what is now Spain, and a new species, P. isonae, from the Late Maastrichtian of Spain.
Araripemydidae is a family of turtles belonging to the order Testudines. There are no living representatives of the family but fossil records have been used to identify it as part of the Pleurodira suborder. There are five collections of single fossils, four that were found in Brazil and one that was found in Niger. The family contains two recognised genera, Araripemys and Laganemys, and two species, Araripemys barretoi and Laganemys tenerensis. Fossils indicate they lived from the Late Cretaceous period (100mya) to the Paleocene period (55mya).
Araiochelys is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco. The genus consists solely of type species B. hirayamai.
Inaechelys is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Maria Farinha Formation of Brazil. The genus consists solely of type species I. pernambucensis.
Ilatardia is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Farin Doutchi Formation of Niger. The genus consists solely of type species I. cetiotesta.
Arenila is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Western Desert of Egypt. The genus consists solely of type species A. krebsi.
Azabbaremys is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Teberemt Formation of Mali. The genus consists solely of type species A. moragjonesi.
Eotaphrosphys is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Mont Aime Formation, France. Originally assigned to the genus "Tretosternum", it consists exclusively of type species E. ambiguum.
Rhonthonemys is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in Morocco. The genus consists solely of type species R. brinkmani.
Ummulisani is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Mrah Iaresh locality of Morocco. The genus consists solely of type species U. rutgerensis.
Labrostochelys is an extinct genus of bothremydid pleurodiran turtle that was discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco. The genus consists solely of type species L. galkini.
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