  Location within Leicestershire | |
| Monastery information | |
|---|---|
| Order | Cistercian |
| Established | 1133 |
| Disestablished | 1536 |
| People | |
| Founder(s) | Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester |
| Site | |
| Location | Between Shepshed and Loughborough, in Leicestershire, England |
| Coordinates | 52°46′27″N1°15′31″W / 52.7743°N 1.2585°W |
| Visible remains | Foundations of Chapter house visible but on private land. |
Garendon Abbey was a Cistercian abbey located between Shepshed and Loughborough, in Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
Garendon was founded by Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, in 1133, and was probably a daughter house of Waverley Abbey in Surrey. Garendon was one of a number of religious establishments founded or patronised by Robert. He endowed the abbey with 690 acres of land in Garendon, a Burgage tenement in Leicester and land at Dishley, Shepshed and Ringolthorpe. [1]
Within a century of foundation, the abbey gained lands at Burton on the Wolds, Eastwell, Ibstock, Stanton under Bardon and Welby, all in Leicestershire; land at Costock, Nottinghamshire; and at Heathcote, Derbyshire. Monastic granges were then developed near the abbey, and at Burton on the Wolds, Dishley, Goadby, Ibstock, Ringolthorpe, Stanton Under Bardon and Welby in Leicestershire; at Costock and Rempstone, Nottinghamshire; and in the Peak District, in Derbyshire. Through these granges the abbey conducted sheep farming "on a considerable scale". [1]
The abbey also gained two daughter houses, Biddlesden Abbey in Buckinghamshire, and Bordesley Abbey in Worcestershire. [1]
By the end of the 13th century, the abbey had fallen on hard times, acquiring debts of £120.In 1295 King Edward I had appointed a "special keeper" to administer the abbey's finance and deal with its debt problems. [1]
Despite the abbey's large endowments, its finances seem never to have recovered. In 1535 the abbey was recorded as having an annual income of £100. 18s. 10½d, and that "the large old monastery was partly ruinous". It was dissolved under Henry VIII, though not for charitable reasons, along with the smaller monasteries (those with annual incomes of under £200) in 1536, with the abbot being granted a pension of £30 a year. [1]
After the dissolution, the abbey church was completely demolished. The surrounding monastic buildings, already partially ruined, were then allowed to further disintegrate. [2]
The Crown sold the abbey to Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, for £2,356 5s 10d. The earl then constructed a house on the abbey site, known as Garendon House. The house was owned by the Earls of Rutland until 1632, when it became part of the dowry of Lady Katherine Manners (daughter of the 6th Earl of Rutland) at her marriage to George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. In 1640 the estate was valued at £5,648 and was reported to contain 13,350 trees. [3]
In 1684 the 2nd Duke of Buckingham sold the house to Sir Ambrose Phillipps (a successful lawyer) for £28,000. Sir Ambrose and his son William did little to the house; his grandson, another Ambrose Phillipps, an accomplished gentleman architect inspired by his Grand Tour of France and Italy, started to change the house and the former abbey estate. Beginning in 1734, Ambrose landscaped the surrounding parkland and built to his own designs, [4] several Palladian follies, which still exist. Ambrose later began to redesign, extend and rebuild Garendon House in the Palladian style, developing it into what would be known as Garendon Hall. However, the work remained unfinished in 1737 when Ambrose died childless; it was completed by the heir to the estate, his brother Samuel. [3]
Following Ambrose's death, the family was left with a difficult financial situation and needed to tighten its belt. [5] In 1885 they moved out of Garendon and into Grace Dieu Manor, though a return to fortune allowed them to return to Garendon once more in 1907. [3]
The house was used and heavily damaged by the army during the Second World War. The ever-increasing cost of running and maintaining the building, coupled with threats to the house's parkland from the urban sprawl of Loughborough and the construction of the M1 Motorway, which cut directly through the park, it was decided the house was to be demolished. This happened in June 1964, with the house being deliberately set fire to first in order to provide practice and training for the local fire brigade. The house was reduced to rubble which was then used in the construction of the nearby M1. [3]
In 1964 the family returned for a final time to Grace Dieu Manor, but sold that house within a decade. The building would become a Catholic school. In 1972 the family moved to Quenby Hall, but following the collapse of the family cheese-making business, the family has been forced to offer Quenby Hall for sale (it has been for sale since 2012). [3] [5]
The abbey is thought to have been quite large: with the complex occupying an area of around 70m x 80m. [6] St Bernard of Clairvaux, one of the founders of the Cistercian Order, disapproved of ornate church architecture and sculpture, which was subsequently banned by the order. Cistercian architecture and decoration was thus often very simple. [7]
Following the dissolution of the abbey, Garendon Hall (aligned north–south) was built straddling the location of the former abbey church (which was aligned east–west). The cellars of the hall incorporated 13th-century stonework which may have been original. The cellars also contained a pair of "stone lined wells". [7]
Following the demolition of Garendon Hall, the site of the former abbey was able to be excavated. Excavations undertaken in 1966-68 located the foundations of the former abbey's chapter house and dormitory. The excavation also located the remains of the chapels attached to the transepts of the abbey church.
It was also discovered that the abbey's drain was used as part of the sewage system of Garendon Hall. [6]
The remains of the chapter house and drains were left exposed, although are on private property. The ruins, together with surrounding area and associated monastic fishponds are Scheduled Ancient Monuments. [6]
Leicestershire is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, and Lincolnshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warwickshire to the south-west, and Staffordshire to the west. The city of Leicester is the largest settlement and the county town.
Shepshed is a market town and civil parish in the Charnwood Borough of Leicestershire, England with a population of 14,875 at the 2021 census. It is the second biggest settlement in the borough, after the town of Loughborough.
Waverley Abbey was the first Cistercian abbey in England, founded in 1128 by William Giffard, the Bishop of Winchester.
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The Diocese of Nottingham is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in England and a suffragan of the Metropolitan Diocese of Westminster.
Ellistown is a village about 2 miles (3 km) south of Coalville in North West Leicestershire, England. It is named after Colonel Joseph Joel Ellis who died in 1885. The population from the 2011 census was included in the civil parish of Ellistown and Battleflat.
Garendon Hall was a country home near Shepshed, Leicestershire, England. It was demolished in 1964.
The Charnwood Forest Railway was a branch line in Leicestershire constructed by the Charnwood Forest Company between 1881 and 1883. The branch line ran from Coalville to the town of Loughborough.
Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps de Lisle was a British Roman Catholic convert. He founded Mount St Bernard Abbey, a Trappist abbey in Leicestershire, and worked for the reconversion or reconciliation of Britain to Catholicism.
William Railton (1800–77) was an English architect, best known as the designer of Nelson's Column. He was based in London, with offices at 12 Regent Street for much of his career.
The Grace Dieu Priory was an independent Augustinian priory near Thringstone in Leicestershire, England. It was founded around 1235-1241 by Roesia de Verdun and dissolved in 1538. It was dedicated to the Holy Trinity and St Mary.
Grace Dieu Manor is a 19th-century country house near Thringstone in Leicestershire, England, occupied by Grace Dieu Manor School until 2020. It is a Grade II listed building.
Charles March-Phillipps was a British Radical politician from Garendon Park in Leicestershire. He sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1818 and 1837.
The Abbey of Saint Mary de Pratis, more commonly known as Leicester Abbey, was an Augustinian religious house in the city of Leicester, in the East Midlands of England. The abbey was founded in the 12th century by the Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, and grew to become the wealthiest religious establishment within Leicestershire. Through patronage and donations the abbey gained the advowsons of countless churches throughout England, and acquired a considerable amount of land, and several manorial lordships. Leicester Abbey also maintained a cell at Cockerham Priory, in Lancashire. The Abbey's prosperity was boosted through the passage of special privileges by both the English Kings and the Pope. These included an exemption from sending representatives to parliament and from paying tithe on certain land and livestock. Despite its privileges and sizeable landed estates, from the late 14th century the abbey began to suffer financially and was forced to lease out its estates. The worsening financial situation was exacerbated throughout the 15th century and early 16th century by a series of incompetent, corrupt and extravagant abbots. By 1535 the abbey's considerable income was exceeded by even more considerable debts.
Stonebow Village is a civil parish in Borough of Charnwood, Leicestershire, England. In 2021 the parish had a population of 9.
| Augustinian |   | |
|---|---|---|
| Benedictine | ||
| Brothers of Penitence | ||
| Cistercian | ||
| Cluniac | ||
| Dominican | ||
| Franciscan | ||
| Knights Hospitaller | ||
| Knights Templar | ||
| Premonstratensian | ||
| Unknown or Independent | ||