Gary Herbert Lyman | |
---|---|
Born | United States |
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Hematologist, medical oncologist, academic and author |
Academic background | |
Education | Bachelor of Arts Doctor of Medicine Master of Public Health |
Alma mater | State University of New York at Buffalo Harvard University School of Public Health |
Academic work | |
Institutions | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Duke University |
Gary Herbert Lyman is an American academic hematologist,medical oncologist,and cancer researcher. [1]
Lyman is most known for his efforts in managing the adverse effects of cancer treatment including neutropenia and thrombosis among other toxicities along with establishing the clinical application of colony-stimulating factors and oral anticoagulants. He has also led efforts to address rising health care costs through national policy initiatives,clinical practice guidelines and the clinical integration of biosimilars and other approaches to reducing the financial burden of cancer on patients. His contributions extend to the development and validation of risk prediction models and the application of biomarkers for molecularly targeted therapies. Among his authored works are his publications in academic journals [2] as well as books such as Comprehensive geriatric oncology, [3] Breast cancer :Translational Therapeutic Strategies, [4] Cancer Supportive Care:Advances in Therapeutic Strategies, [5] and Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Oncology. [6] He is a Distinguished Emeritus member of the American Society of Hematology as well as the recipient of the Statesman Award from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. [7]
Lyman earned his B.A. in 1968 from the State University of New York at Buffalo,followed by a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1972 from the same institution. In 1974 he completed an internal medicine residency at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill and in 1977 completed his Medical Oncology and Hematology Fellowship at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. In 1982,he obtained a Master of Public Health degree in biostatistics from the Harvard University School of Public Health while completing a Postdoctoral Fellowship under Marvin Zelen. [1]
Lyman began his academic journey in 1974,assuming the role of research instructor in medicine at the State University of New York,Buffalo School of Medicine,serving until 1977. He then became an assistant professor of medicine at the University of South Florida,College of Medicine's Department of Internal Medicine in 1977,becoming an associate professor in 1981. At the University of South Florida,College of Medicine,he served as the director of the Division of Medical Oncology in the Department of Internal Medicine from 1979 to 1993. During this time period,he worked with HL Moffitt and others to help establish the Moffitt Cancer Center opening in 1985 and served as the Chief of Medicine. He was subsequently appointed as a professor of medicine from 1986 to 2000. In 1987,he testified before the US Congress on the value of screening mammography supporting the eventual coverage of screening mammograms by Medicare. [8]
Transitioning to Albany Medical College in 2000,Lyman held the Thomas Ordway Endowed Professorship of Medicine within the Department of Medicine,where he also served as the Cancer Center director and head of the Division of Hematology/Oncology until 2002. Subsequently,he joined the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in 2002 as a professor of medicine,serving until 2007. In 2007,he joined the Duke University School of Medicine,where he served as a professor of medicine until 2014 .Subsequently,he has contributed to cancer outcomes research at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington (UW) School of Medicine. From 2014 to 2020,he served as a professor in the Public health Sciences Division and served as co-director of the Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research. He is a member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center as well as adjunct professor of medicine at Duke University School of Medicine. [1]
Lyman served on the Oncology Drug Advisory Committee (ODAC) to the US Food and Drug Administration from 2007 to 2013. Between 2000 and 2020,he led a multi-institutional academic-industry research collaboration focused on identifying risk factors and risk reduction strategies for treatment-related hematologic and thromboembolic complications in patients with cancer. [9]
With over 15 authored and edited books,Lyman has made contributions to the field of oncology,with his published research cited more than 93,000 times in the medical literature. In 2004,he co-edited a book titled Comprehensive Geriatric Oncology with Balducci and others. The book provided a review of the effects of age on tolerance of cancer treatments,prevention,treatment strategies,while also analyzing major clinical trials and addressing emerging issues in geriatric oncology,pain control,supportive care,and rehabilitation for elderly cancer patients. [10] His 2007 book Breast Cancer:Translational Therapeutic Strategies serves as a guide covering translational breakthroughs in breast cancer research,including strategies and agents impacting early detection,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment,with a focus on improved patient selection for evolving therapies. [4] His 2008 book Cancer Supportive Care:Advances in Therapeutic Strategies [5] highlighted advances in the prevention and treatment of cancer and cancer treatment related complications. In 2009,his edited work Oxford American Handbook of Oncology was published. The book provides an overview of cancer care,including information on various types of cancer,treatment choices,algorithms,guidelines,and references. [11] Moreover,his 2011 book Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Oncology focused on advancements in supportive care for cancer patients,particularly in managing hematologic toxicities resulting from myelosuppressive chemotherapy,covering topics such as hematopoietic growth factors and their clinical use based on evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. [6]
In his early research Lyman investigated how aprotic solvents and divalent cations affect the stability of phospholipid membranes and their correlation with the differentiation of Friend leukemia cells in vitro. [12] In 1980,his RCT investigated the potential of lithium carbonate supplementation to reduce infectious complications and improve outcomes in patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy for small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. The study demonstrated favorable effects on neutropenia,febrile episodes,infection-related hospitalizations,and blood cell parameters. [13] While lithium proved too toxic,it was associated with increased production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) found to be effective clinically in collaboration with J Crawford and others. [14]
In a 1985 study,Lyman and his team reported an association between radium groundwater contamination and the incidence of leukemia in Florida. [15] In 1987 he testified before the US Congress on the risk of indoor radon and the importance of radon testing in homes. [16]
In a 1996 study,along with DS Reintgen,C Cox and others,Lyman demonstrated through a prospective trial that lymphatic mapping in invasive breast cancer accurately identifies sentinel lymph nodes,offering potential benefits for staging accuracy and focused histologic examination. [17] His 2001 collaborative study with C M Balch and others presented AJCC's proposed revisions to melanoma staging based on extensive analysis of data from multiple cancer centers. The study identified key prognostic factors such as tumor thickness,ulceration,nodal involvement,and metastasis type to improve the accuracy of staging and prognosis in cutaneous melanoma. [18] His 2005 research in collaboration with AE Giuliano and others advocated for sentinel node biopsy (SNB) as the preferred option over routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for early-stage breast cancer patients with negative axillary nodes,stressing its safety,accuracy,and the necessity of ALND if metastases are found. [19]
In 2008,with colleagues including AA Khorana,NM Kuderer,and others,Lyman and his team developed and presented a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated venous thromboembolism in cancer outpatients based on five clinical and laboratory variables. [20] Furthermore,his 2020 joint study led by NM Kuderer,he provided important insights into the outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with cancer and identified factors associated with mortality,providing valuable information for clinical management and future research. [21] In his later work with NM Kuderer and others,he provided a review of chemotherapy-associated adverse events,discussing their biological mechanisms,available treatment strategies,evidence-based guidelines,risk factors,validated assessment tools,and emerging supportive-care opportunities for cancer patients and survivors. [22] [23]
Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes. The name typically refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes,fever,drenching sweats,unintended weight loss,itching,and constantly feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. The sweats are most common at night.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. A small amount of HTLV-1 individuals progress to develop ATL with a long latency period between infection and ATL development. ATL is categorized into 4 subtypes:acute,smoldering,lymphoma-type,chronic. Acute and Lymphoma-type are known to particularly be aggressive with poorer prognosis.
Bevacizumab,sold under the brand name Avastin among others,is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. For cancer,it is given by slow injection into a vein (intravenous) and used for colon cancer,lung cancer,ovarian cancer,glioblastoma,hepatocellular carcinoma,and renal-cell carcinoma. In many of these diseases it is used as a first-line therapy. For age-related macular degeneration it is given by injection into the eye (intravitreal).
Anthracyclines are a class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy that are extracted from Streptomyces bacterium. These compounds are used to treat many cancers,including leukemias,lymphomas,breast,stomach,uterine,ovarian,bladder cancer,and lung cancers. The first anthracycline discovered was daunorubicin,which is produced naturally by Streptomyces peucetius,a species of Actinomycetota. Clinically the most important anthracyclines are doxorubicin,daunorubicin,epirubicin and idarubicin.
Targeted therapy or molecularly targeted therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment (pharmacotherapy) for cancer,others being hormonal therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. As a form of molecular medicine,targeted therapy blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth,rather than by simply interfering with all rapidly dividing cells. Because most agents for targeted therapy are biopharmaceuticals,the term biologic therapy is sometimes synonymous with targeted therapy when used in the context of cancer therapy. However,the modalities can be combined;antibody-drug conjugates combine biologic and cytotoxic mechanisms into one targeted therapy.
Adjuvant therapy,also known as adjunct therapy,adjuvant care,or augmentation therapy,is a therapy that is given in addition to the primary or initial therapy to maximize its effectiveness. The surgeries and complex treatment regimens used in cancer therapy have led the term to be used mainly to describe adjuvant cancer treatments. An example of such adjuvant therapy is the additional treatment usually given after surgery where all detectable disease has been removed,but where there remains a statistical risk of relapse due to the presence of undetected disease. If known disease is left behind following surgery,then further treatment is not technically adjuvant.
MammaPrint is a prognostic and predictive diagnostic test for early stage breast cancer patients that assess the risk that a tumor will metastasize to other parts of the body. It gives a binary result,high-risk or low-risk classification,and helps physicians determine whether or not a patient will benefit from chemotherapy. Women with a low risk result can safely forego chemotherapy without decreasing likelihood of disease free survival. MammaPrint is part of the personalized medicine portfolio marketed by Agendia.
Breast cancer chemotherapy refers to the use of cytotoxic drugs (chemotherapy) in the treatment of breast cancer.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is any breast cancer that either lacks or shows low levels of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and/or gene amplification. Triple-negative is sometimes used as a surrogate term for basal-like.
Febrile neutropenia is the development of fever,often with other signs of infection,in a patient with neutropenia,an abnormally low number of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood. It is an oncologic emergency,and is the most common serious complication in patients with hematopoietic cancers or receiving chemotherapy for cancer. The term neutropenic sepsis is also applied,although it tends to be reserved for patients who are less well. In 50% of cases,an infection is detectable;bacteremia is present in approximately 20% of all patients with this condition.
Ramucirumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) developed for the treatment of solid tumors. This drug was developed by ImClone Systems Inc. It was isolated from a native phage display library from Dyax.
Geriatric oncology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the elderly,usually defined as aged 65 and older. This fairly young but increasingly important subspecialty incorporates the special needs of the elderly into the treatment of cancer.
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study,treatment,diagnosis,and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος(ónkos),meaning "tumor","volume" or "mass". Oncology is concerned with:
Lenvatinib,sold under the brand name Lenvima among others,is an anti-cancer medication for the treatment of certain kinds of thyroid cancer and for other cancers as well. It was developed by Eisai Co. and acts as a multiple kinase inhibitor against the VEGFR1,VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 kinases.
Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer,with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. Treatments can include surgery,chemotherapy,radiation therapy,hormonal therapy,targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies,and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. Other therapies include hyperthermia,immunotherapy,photodynamic therapy,and stem-cell therapy. Most commonly cancer treatment involves a series of separate therapies such as chemotherapy before surgery. Angiogenesis inhibitors are sometimes used to enhance the effects of immunotherapies.
High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant (HDC/BMT),also high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant,was an ineffective treatment regimen for metastatic breast cancer,and later high-risk breast cancer,that was considered promising during the 1980s and 1990s. With an overall idea that more is better,this process involved taking cells from the person's bone marrow to store in a lab,then to give such high doses of chemotherapy drugs that the remaining bone marrow was destroyed,and then to inject the cells taken earlier back into the body as replacement. It was ultimately determined to be no more effective than normal treatment,and to have significantly higher side effects,including treatment-related death.
Kathleen I. Pritchard,is the head of oncology at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto,Canada,specializing in breast cancer therapies,and leading the clinical trials division of the centre. She has authored numerous studies on women's health,breast cancer,hormone replacement therapy,public health,and research methodology. According to Thomson Reuters,Pritchard was one of the most cited researchers in the world in 2014 and 2015.
Maryam Beheshti Lustberg is an American breast oncologist. She is the Director of The Breast Center at Smilow Cancer Hospital and Chief of Breast Medical Oncology at Yale Cancer Center. Lustberg previously served as the Medical Director of Supportive Care at Ohio State's Comprehensive Cancer Center and President-Elect of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. She is also an associate editor for the peer-reviewed medical journal covering oncology nursing with respect to cancer survivors called Journal of Cancer Survivorship. Lustberg was also recognized as one of the 100 Influential Women in Oncology by OncoDaily.
The European School of Oncology (ESO) is a provider of continuing medical education to oncology professionals,with a particular focus on areas of Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans region.
High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) is referring to chemotherapy medicines which are given at larger dosages than that are usually used in normal chemotherapy regimens. This therapeutic strategy is used to treat some cancers,especially those that are aggressive or have a high chance of coming back. With increased doses of chemotherapy chemicals administered to the body,HDC seeks to optimize the death of cancer cells.