General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada

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Logo of the 2007 General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada GS logo.png
Logo of the 2007 General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada

The General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada is the chief governing and legislative body of the Anglican Church of Canada (ACC), the sole Canadian representative of the Anglican Communion. The first General Synod session was held in Toronto in 1893, with the proviso that the parameters of its authority would not undermine the local independence of dioceses. [1]

Contents

Composition and responsibilities

General Synod debate, Halifax 2010 General Synod 2010 - In debate (4690840801).jpg
General Synod debate, Halifax 2010

Except in special instances when it may be called into session by the Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada or the Council of General Synod, the General Synod meets triennially at locations across Canada.

The General Synod is composed of three Orders: Bishops, Clergy, and Laity. All bishops and archbishops of the ACC are members of General Synod; clergy and lay delegates are elected from each of the church's thirty dioceses, as well as the Canadian Forces and the religious orders. Unlike the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, the Orders are not divided into Houses which meet separately according to different rules of order. Nonetheless, voting may be done by Orders with respect to certain issues, or on demand according to the rules of order, under which conditions a given Resolution would need to be approved in all three.

The General Synod is responsible for articulating the doctrine, discipline, and worship of the Anglican Church of Canada. [2] During its regular meetings, which generally span a week to nine days, members exchange information, set policy for the church, pass resolutions, and enact and amend canon law. Presently, there are twenty-two numbered canons, dealing with issues as prosaic as the name of the church, to ones touching on doctrine, such as matrimony, to judicial disciplinary proceedings.

Previous Sessions of General Synod

SessionYearLocation [3]
44th2025 London, Ontario
43rd2023 Calgary, Alberta (Meeting in Assembly together with the National Convention of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada)
42nd2019 Vancouver, British Columbia
41st2016 Richmond Hill, Ontario
40th2013 Ottawa, Ontario (Meeting in Joint Assembly with the National Convention of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada)
39th2010 Halifax, Nova Scotia
38th2007 Winnipeg, Manitoba
37th2004 St. Catharines, Ontario
36th2001 Waterloo, Ontario
35th1998 Montreal, Quebec
34th1995Ottawa, Ontario
33rd1992 Toronto, Ontario
32nd1989 St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
31st1986Winnipeg, Manitoba
30th1983 Fredericton, New Brunswick
29th1980 Peterborough, Ontario
28th1977Calgary, Alberta
27th1975 Quebec City, Quebec
26th1973 Regina, Saskatchewan
25th1971 Niagara Falls, Ontario
24th1969 Sudbury, Ontario
23rd1967Calgary, Alberta
22nd1965Vancouver, British Columbia
21st1962 Kingston, Ontario
20th1959 St. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec (First General Synod as the Anglican Church of Canada)
19th1955Edmonton, Alberta (Last General Synod as the Church of England in Canada)
18th1952London, Ontario
17th1949Halifax, Nova Scotia
16th1946Winnipeg, Manitoba
15th1943Toronto, Ontario
14th1937Halifax, Nova Scotia
13th1934Montreal, Quebec
12th1931Toronto, Ontario
11th1927Kingston, Ontario
10th1924London, Ontario
9th1921 Hamilton, Ontario
8th1918Toronto, Ontario
7th1915Toronto, Ontario
6th1911London, Ontario
5th1908Ottawa, Ontario
4th1905Quebec City, Quebec
3rd1902Montreal, Quebec
2nd1896Winnipeg, Manitoba
1st1893Toronto, Ontario

Officers of General Synod and the Council of General Synod

General Synod elects three of the nine officers who maintain certain executive responsibilities at and between Synods. Of those, one - the Primate - holds office until he or she resigns, is removed, retires, or dies. The other officers, elected at each General Synod, are the Prolocutor and the Deputy Prolocutor.

The Prolocutor acts as the chief deputy to the Primate, and the second executive officer of General Synod. As such, he or she chairs sessions of General Synod and meetings of the Council of General Synod in the absence of the Primate. The current Prolocutor is Ian Alexander; the Deputy Prolocutor is Tanya Phibbs.

Council of General Synod

Between sessions of General Synod, the Council of General Synod (CoGS) administers the affairs of the ACC. [4] CoGS is composed of the Primate, the Prolocutor, the Deputy Prolocutor, the Chancellor, and representatives from the three Orders from each of the four ecclesiastical provinces, chosen by the respective delegates at General Synod, the numbers of which vary according to a complicated electoral formula. CoGS appoints four of the nine officers of General Synod:

It also elects two Officers-at-large (one Clergy, one Laity).

Committees of General Synod

General Synod has six standing committees, consisting of members both elected at General Synod and appointed by the Primate:

Important acts of recent General Synods

References

  1. Elliott, P. G. (2024). (publication). The Evolution of General Synod. The Primate’s Commission: Re-imagining the Church. https://www.anglican.ca/wp-content/uploads/Evolution-of-General-Synod.pdf.
  2. "Declaration of Principles" (PDF). The Anglican Church of Canada.
  3. "List of all General Synod meetings". The Anglican Church of Canada.
  4. "Council of General Synod". The Anglican Church of Canada.
  5. "Synod approves St. Michael report". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  6. "Blessing of same-sex unions defeated". Archived from the original on 2007-09-06. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  7. "General Synod commits to pastoral care of same-sex couples". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  8. Forget, André (2016-07-13). "Voting error reveals Anglican same-sex marriage motion passed after all". Anglican Journal.
  9. Davies, Madeleine (July 15, 2016). "Canada gay-marriage motion carried in second count". Church Times.
  10. Puddister, Matthew (2019-07-13). "Marriage canon amendment fails to pass at General Synod". Anglican Journal.
  11. "Election of a new Primate - Results". General Synod 2019.
  12. Frankling, Matthew Puddister and Sean (2023-08-31). "Synod votes no to extending primate's term". Anglican Journal. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  13. Frankling, Sean (2025-06-27). "Bishop of Ottawa Shane Parker elected primate". Anglican Journal. Retrieved 2025-06-27.