Golden Summer, Eaglemont

Last updated

Golden Summer, Eaglemont
Arthur Streeton - Golden summer, Eaglemont - Google Art Project.jpg
Artist Arthur Streeton
Year1889
Medium Oil on canvas
Dimensions81.3 cm× 152.6 cm(32.01 in× 60.08 in)
Location National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Golden Summer, Eaglemont is an 1889 landscape painting by Australian artist Arthur Streeton. Painted en plein air at the height of a summer drought, it is an idyllic depiction of sunlit, undulating plains that stretch from Streeton's Eaglemont "artists' camp" to the distant blue Dandenong Ranges, outside Melbourne. Naturalistic yet poetic, and a conscious effort by the 21-year-old Streeton to create his grandest work yet, it is a prime example of the artist's distinctive, high-keyed blue and gold palette, what he considered "nature's scheme of colour in Australia".

Contents

The National Gallery of Australia acquired the painting in 1995 for $3.5 million, then a record price for an Australian painting. It remains one of Streeton's most famous works and is considered a masterpiece of Australian Impressionism.

Background

Louis Buvelot's 1866 painting Summer Afternoon, Templestowe (National Gallery of Victoria) inspired Streeton to visit Eaglemont Louis Buvelot - Summer afternoon, Templestowe - Google Art Project.jpg
Louis Buvelot's 1866 painting Summer Afternoon, Templestowe (National Gallery of Victoria) inspired Streeton to visit Eaglemont
Streeton's Impression for Golden Summer (1888, Benalla Art Gallery) formed part of the 9 by 5 Impression Exhibition of 1889 Arthur Streeton Impression Golden Summer.jpg
Streeton's Impression for Golden Summer (1888, Benalla Art Gallery) formed part of the 9 by 5 Impression Exhibition of 1889
Conder's 9 by 5 work Impressionists' Camp (1889, National Gallery of Australia) shows Streeton and Roberts inside the Eaglemont homestead. Streeton's Impression for Golden Summer hangs on the wall. Charles Conder - Impressionists' Camp, 1889.jpg
Conder's 9 by 5 work Impressionists' Camp (1889, National Gallery of Australia) shows Streeton and Roberts inside the Eaglemont homestead. Streeton's Impression for Golden Summer hangs on the wall.

Streeton painted the work en plein air in January 1889 at his Eaglemont "artists' camp", located in the then-rural suburb of Heidelberg on Melbourne's outskirts. He passed through the area in late 1888 in search of the site depicted in one of his favourite paintings, Louis Buvelot's Summer Afternoon, Templestowe (1866). On his return journey, he met Charles Davis—brother-in-law of painter and friend David Davies—who granted him "artistic possession" of an old weatherboard homestead atop Mount Eagle. Streeton occupied the homestead over the next eighteen months; fellow plein airists Charles Conder and Tom Roberts joined him for extended periods, and less frequently other artists, notably Walter Withers.

Streeton described the location in a letter to Roberts, calling it "our hill of gold": [1]

I sit here in the upper circle surrounded by copper and gold, and smile with joy under my fly net as all the light, glory and quivering brightness passes slowly and freely before my eyes. Nothing happier than this. I shout and laugh at my immense wealth, all free and without responsibility. Who could steal this from me? No one.

The title may have been inspired by young plein airist Leon Pole, one of the earliest members of the camp. In a letter to Roberts, Conder wrote affectionately of Pole, but said that he "sometimes drinks a little too much 'Golden Summer', as he calls wine". [2] Years later, Streeton recalled painting Golden Summer as he, Conder, and plein airist John Ford Paterson shared cheese and a bottle of claret. [3] John Sandes, a journalist who often visited the Eaglemont camp, wrote in 1927: [4]

[Streeton] would go off by himself with his easel and canvas and would lie on the grass for hours, wearing only shirt and trousers, and staring at the sky and at the river in the valley, and at the Dandenong Ranges. ... Then he would get up and paint with strong, sure strokes, and the thing would grow into beauty as you stole up and watched over his shoulder. That is how he painted Golden Summer while I looked over his shoulder—40 years ago.

The painting is noted for its thick application of paint, and one evening in the Eaglemont homestead, Streeton approached the canvas with a knife in order to scrape away some of the layers. Roberts convinced him to "leave it alone", for which Streeton was later thankful. [5]

Exhibition and reception

The so-called "impressionist school" at Heidelberg has done some good after all.

The Colac Herald , 1891, after London's Royal Academy hung Golden Summer, Eaglemont on the line [6]

Table Talk reported in May 1889 that Golden Summer, Eaglemont "abundantly testifies to [Streeton's] perfect sense of colour ... He paints summer effects as if he loved the country." [7] When the painting appeared at the Victorian Artists Society's 1889 winter show, leading critic James Smith, while opposed to what he called "the impressionist fad", said Golden Summer "is the best example of this class of work in the exhibition." [8]

In April 1890, Arthur and Emma Minnie Boyd of the Boyd artistic dynasty took Golden Summer, Eaglemont to London, where, the following year as Golden Summer, Australia, it hung on the line at the Royal Academy, and in so doing became the first painting by an Australian-born artist to be exhibited there. In 1892, it appeared at the Paris Salon, initially receiving an honorable mention, and then a gold medal during a second appearance. [5] One critic noted the popularity of Golden Summer with "the crowds that throng the Salon", saying that it was "simply impossible" to pass by the painting "as it is utterly different from any other picture in the vast collection". [9] Likewise, Australian artist John Longstaff, then based in Paris, said the painting "created quite a sensation and stood out in oneness and quality all through everything else on the walls." [7]

In 1898, Golden Summer appeared at the Exhibition of Australian Art in London, where an English critic opined that it was "produced by a painter who sees with his own eyes", and that "its composition of light and shade ... [is] perhaps its strongest quality." [10]

Provenance

Soon after completing Golden Summer, Streeton offered it to Melbourne's National Gallery of Victoria for 100 guineas, but received no reply from the museum's trustees. Streeton sent them a second letter, writing sarcastically, "I should be obliged if you would convey to the Trustees my hearty thanks for the interest they have taken in the matter". [5] Scottish shipbuilder Charles Mitchell purchased Golden Summer, Eaglemont on the opening day of the 1892 Paris Salon. It remained part of Mitchell's estate until Streeton re-acquired the painting from the shipbuilder's widow in 1919.

Ahead of its public auction in Australia in 1924, Lionel Lindsay extolled the work in the hope that it would enter a public gallery: [11]

This tranquil landscape, so simply yet so exquisitely fashioned, possesses for Australians a sentiment no other people may equally enjoy. It is the first great Australian landscape, untrammeled by picture making formula, to come from the hand of the native born. It is, therefore, historically the most important landscape in Australia.

A private collector acquired it for 1,000 guineas, then a record for a painting by an Australian artist. Streeton used the money to commission an architect to design and build 'Longacres', a new house and studio in Olinda, outside Melbourne. [12] Golden Summer broke the same sales record in 1995 when the National Gallery of Australia purchased it for $3.5 million. [13] The record has been broken several times since, most recently in 2020 when Henri's Armchair (1974) by Brett Whiteley sold for over $6.1 million. [14]

Related Research Articles

Victorian Artists Society Artists collective in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

The Victorian Artists Society, which can trace its establishment to 1856 in Melbourne, promotes artistic education, art classes and gallery hire exhibition in Australia. It was formed in March 1888 when the Victorian Academy of Arts and the Australian Artists' Association amalgamated.

Heidelberg School 19th-century Australian art movement

The Heidelberg School was an Australian art movement of the late 19th century. It has latterly been described as Australian impressionism.

Frederick McCubbin Australian artist (1855-1917)

Frederick McCubbin was an Australian artist, art teacher and prominent member of the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.

Tom Roberts Australian artist (1856-1931)

Thomas William Roberts was an English-born Australian artist and a key member of the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.

Louis Buvelot

Louis Buvelot, born Abram-Louis Buvelot, was a Swiss landscape painter who lived 17 years in Brazil and following 5 years back in Switzerland stayed 23 years in Australia, where he influenced the Heidelberg School of painters.

Arthur Streeton Australian painter

Sir Arthur Ernest Streeton was an Australian landscape painter and a leading member of the Heidelberg School, also known as Australian Impressionism.

E. Phillips Fox Australian painter

Emanuel Phillips Fox was an Australian impressionist painter. After studying at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School in Melbourne, Fox travelled to Paris to study in 1886. He remained in Europe until 1892, when he returned to Melbourne and led what is considered the second phase of the Heidelberg School, an impressionist art movement which had grown in the city during his absence. He spent over a decade in Europe in the early 20th century before finally settling in Melbourne, where he died.

Box Hill artists camp

The Box Hill artists' camp was a site in Box Hill, Victoria, Australia favoured by a group of plein air painters in the mid to late 1880s who later became associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.

Girolamo Pieri Pecci Ballati Nerli, was an Italian painter who worked and travelled in Australia and New Zealand in the late 19th century influencing Charles Conder and Frances Hodgkins and helping to move Australian and New Zealand art in new directions. His portrait of Robert Louis Stevenson in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery Edinburgh, is usually considered the most searching portrayal of the writer.

Walter Withers

Walter Herbert Withers was an English-born Australian landscape artist and a member of the Heidelberg School of Australian impressionists.

Sydney artists camps

Artists' camps flourished around Sydney Harbour in the 1880s and 1890s, mainly in the Mosman area making it "Australia's most painted suburb", but died out after the first decade of the twentieth century. They developed as a result of the enthusiasm for painting en plein air fostered by the Barbizon and Impressionist movements in France in the second half of the 19th century, and were modelled on the artists' colonies which grew up in France and parts of the British Isles. In them, free-spirited young men gathered to live cheaply together in the open air, trying to capture the beauty of their surroundings in paintings and drawings. Financial stringency during the depression of the 1890s made life in the camps even more attractive for Australian artists trying to establish themselves in a difficult market.

9 by 5 Impression Exhibition Art exhibition in Melbourne, Australia

The 9 by 5 Impression Exhibition was an art exhibition in Melbourne, Australia. It opened on 17 August 1889 at Buxton's Rooms on Swanston Street and featured 183 works, the majority of which were painted by Charles Conder, Tom Roberts and Arthur Streeton of the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism. The exhibition's name references the dimensions of most of the paintings—9 by 5 inches, the size of the cigar box lids upon which many of the works were painted—as well as the impressionist techniques employed by the artists.

David Davies (artist) Australian artist

David Davies was an Australian artist who was associated with the Heidelberg School, the first significant Western art movement in Australia.

<i>A holiday at Mentone</i>

A holiday at Mentone is an 1888 painting by the Australian artist Charles Conder. The painting depicts a beach in the Melbourne suburb of Mentone on a bright and sunny day. Conder's depiction of people engaged in seaside activities and the brilliant noonday sunshine mark the painting as distinctively Australian in character.

Heidelberg Artists Trail

The Heidelberg Artists Trail is a self-drive, cycling and walking trail that includes a series of 57 explanatory signs and boards situated in locations frequented by artists of the Heidelberg School. The signs display reproductions and descriptions of some of the most famous paintings, and are popular with school groups who have an interest in the arts and the natural environment. The trail winds for approximately 40 km through much of Jagajaga, including the municipalities of Banyule, Nillumbik and Manningham, through to the Yarra Valley and the Dandenong Ranges.

Leon Pole Australian artist

Leon Pole was an Australian artist who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian Impressionism.

Louis Abrahams (art patron) British-born Australian tobacconist, art patron, painter and etcher

Louis Abrahams was a British-born Australian tobacconist, art patron, painter and etcher associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian Impressionism.

Exhibition of Australian Art in London

The Exhibition of Australian Art in London was a show organised by the trustees of the Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), notably Julian Ashton, and financially supported by the philanthropist Eadith Walker. Held at London's Grafton Galleries between April and September 1898, it featured 371 artworks made in Australia by 114 artists, and was the first major exhibition of Australian art to occur internationally.

John Llewellyn Jones

John Llewellyn Jones was an Australian artist and photographer who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.

Tom Humphrey (artist)

Thomas Humphrey was a Scottish-born Australian artist and photographer who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian impressionism.

References

  1. Lane, Terrace (2007). "Chapter 8: Painting on the Hill of Gold: Heidelberg 1888–90". In Lane, Terrace (ed.). Australian Impressionism. National Gallery of Victoria. pp. 123–127. ISBN   978-0724102815.
  2. Astbury, Leigh (1989). Sunlight and Shadow: Australian Impressionist Painters 1880-1900. Bay Books. ISBN   1862562954.
  3. "Australian Art: Mr Streeton's Return: Memories of Heidelberg" (3 February 1922), The Argus. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  4. Sandes, John (2 April 1927). "An Artist's Golden Summer". Smith's Weekly . Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 Bruce, Sarah; Splatt, William (1978). 100 Masterpieces of Australian Landscape Painting. Rigby. ISBN   9780727005274, pp. 84–85.
  6. "Melbourne". The Colac Herald. 29 May 1891. p. 3. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  7. 1 2 Clark, Jane (1985). "Heidelberg Summers". In Ryan, Judith. Golden Summers: Heidelberg and Beyond. International Cultural Corporation of Australia. pp. 104–105. ISBN   0-642-09855-7.
  8. "The Winter Exhibition of the Victorian Artists' Society". The Argus. 4 May 1889. p. 12. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  9. "The Australian Artists in Paris" (17 August 1892), The Argus. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  10. Abazi, Petrit (2014). The Exhibition and Reception of Australian Art in London in the Nineteenth Century (Masters Degree). Melbourne, Vic., University of Melbourne, p. 47.
  11. Lindsay, Lionel (28 November 1923). "Golden Summer: Streeton's Masterpiece", Evening News. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  12. James, Rodney (2 November 2017). "Arthur Streeton", Menzies Art Brands. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  13. Maher, Louise (4 July 2017). "Arthur Streeton's impressionist masterpiece Golden Summer, Eaglemont back on show at NGA". ABC News. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  14. Morris, Linda (26 November 2020). "Brett Whiteley painting smashes Australian art auction record", The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 18 December 2020.