Goodwill's Girls' School, Bangalore

Last updated

Goodwill's Girls School, Bangalore
Address
Goodwill's Girls' School, Bangalore
Promenade Road, Fraser Town

Bangalore
,
Karnataka

India
Coordinates 12°59′45″N77°36′33″E / 12.995885°N 77.609129°E / 12.995885; 77.609129
Information
Former nameWesleyan Tamil School
TypeGovernment Aided, Private School
Motto(Eḻuka Kaṟka Paṇiceya niṟka)
(Arise Learn Serve)
Established2 September 1855
FounderMrs. Little, Wesleyan Tamil Mission
PrincipalMrs. Gnanamoni Franklin
Campus size14 acres (57,000 m2)
Color(s) Green and White   
AffiliationKarnataka State Secondary Education Examination Board
Former NameWesleyan Tamil Girls School
Renamed AfterRev. Fred Goodwill
Management Church of South India
Diocese Karnataka Central Diocese
Website http://goodwillchristiancollege.com/

Goodwill's Girls School is located at Promenade Road, Fraser Town, Bangalore Cantonment. Formerly known as the Wesleyan Tamil School, the school was renamed after Rev. Fred Goodwill, a British Missionary and Tamil scholar, who served as the manager of the school, in his capacity as superintendent of the Wesleyan Tamil Mission, Bangalore and Kolar Gold Fields. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

History

The Wesleyan Tamil Mission was established in Bangalore by Rev. Elijah Hoole and James Mowatt in April 1821, [4] [5] with the land for the present school premises acquired in November 1821 (p. 82-83). In November 18231, Elijah Hoole of the Wesleyan Mission applied to the Government of Madras for granting permission for starting a school and preaching place for the native population in the Bangalore Cantonment. The land selected had been previously obtained for the same purpose by a member of the Wesleyan Society who had lived temporarily in the Bangalore Cantonment, and had built a mud building with a thatched roof, which was in ruins in 1821. The permission was granted and a small building measuring 30 ft. length and 13 ft. width was constructed under the supervision of Mr. Mowat. [6] The present premises of the school in the Bangalore Cantonment has been owned by the Wesleyan Mission since then. In the same campus, Wesleyan Mission Press was established in 1840.

In 1854, Sir. Charles Wood, president of the Board of Control, East India Company, sent out his famous Wood's Despatch to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India, which called for major revamp in the educational system in British India, encouraging mass education for all castes (for the first time in the history of India), establishing government schools in each district, government aid to private schools, appointment of teachers and school inspectors, establishing universities at the major cities of Delhi, Bombay, Madras and Calcutta, amongst many other reforms. [7] [8] [9] The Wesleyan Mission School was established in 1855, using a generous grant from the Government of Madras. [1]

Elijah Hoole in his book Personal Narrative of a Mission to the South of India, from 1820 to 1828 acknowledges the help rendered by the British Resident in Mysore, Arthur Henry Cole, in getting the support of the Maharaja of Mysore (p. 73, 74, 84, 85, 86, 207). [4] It could be possible that the park adjacent to the Wesleyan Tamil Mission could have been named after Cole, to acknowledge this support to the Mission as Coles Park. If that's the case, then Cole's Park has been known by that name for nearly 200 years.

The Wesleyan Mission School was established in 1855, with the main objective of educating children of native Tamil sepoys of the Madras Presidency Army, who were stationed at the Bangalore Civil and Military Station. The school was initially established on East Parade (present Manipal Centre on Dickenson Road), next to the Wesleyan Church (now CSI East Parade Church), with Ms. Little as the head mistress, with only a handful of students. The school was providing education in the native languages, along with skills such as knitting and sewing. The Wesleyan Tamil Girls School was moved to present site on Promenade Road, at the Wesley Tamil Mission compound, in 1888. By the beginning of World War I, the Wesleyan Tamil Girls School was the first all girls school in the Bangalore Civil and Military Station. [10]

Mrs. Little's Native Girls' School

The school began on 2 September 1855, with 42 students of whom 11 were Christian, 16 non-Christian and the rest Roman Catholics. The school was started by Mrs. Little, a missionary's wife. Mrs. Little arrived in the Bangalore Civil and Military Station in 1854. Seeing the social status of women in Indian society, Mrs. Little was moved and wanted to start a school to educate Indian girl children. Her fiends in Islington, England, helped her in this cause, by sending gifts, which were sold in Bangalore, helping to raise funds to run the school for nearly 8 months. Many girl children were very happy to get an education, with Mrs. Little noting that many hardly missed classes even for a day.

The school started at 9:00 am with an assembly. At 9:30 am, children joined the servants in saying Tamil prayers led by a catechist. Proper classes began at 10:00 am. The schedule of units taught were Tamil, followed by Scripture and History (in Tamil), then Conference Catechism and Geography (in Tamil). Finally, it was the English department with easy lessons, hymns and catechism. By 12:15, the children marched into the verandah, where the attendance was taken. Then the children sang the hymn 'There Is a Happy Land'. In conclusion, the students knelt down and said the Lord's Prayer in Tamil. After which, they were dismissed to go home for Lunch. The children came back at 2:00 pm for sewing and crochet classes. Some students who lived far away were unable to come back for the afternoon session. [11]

Mrs. Little records holding of the half yearly exams of the Native Girls' School in Bangalore on 2 July 1856. The examination in Scriptures were from Mathew Chapter 3 and 25. The other subjects examined were Tamil Geography, Tamil spellings and translation from English to Tamil. The children sang many Tamil hymns, and a few English hymns such as 'Here we suffer in grief and pain', 'There Is a Happy Land' and 'Lift up the Gospel Banner' in the tune of 'Away to School' from the 'Training School Song Book'. The exams were a private exam, and Mrs. Little hoped to have a Public Exam for the finals. [12] In 1857, EKG, writes about a native widow, Elizabeth being sent to Bangalore from Madras to work as a teacher in Mrs. Little's School. [13]

Mrs. Symone's Wesleyan Mission School, Ulsoor

Native Girls' School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore (p.184, 1865) Native Girls' School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore (p.184, December 1865, XXII).jpg
Native Girls' School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore (p.184, 1865)
A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore (January 1869, p.7) A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore (January 1869, p.7, New III) - Copy.jpg
A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore (January 1869, p.7)
Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road (2016) Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road, Bangalore.jpg
Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road (2016)

Anne M Symone provides a description of the Wesleyan Mission Girls School in Ulsoor (Qyazi Alasoor, near the Someshwara Temple). The school was a native house with a little passage, leading to an open sky courtyard, and the house supported by pillars. A chart of the World Map in Tamil and letters of the Tamil alphabet were hung on the wall. The girls were first taught to master the letters of Tamil, which were 234 with different combinations. Sand was used to trace the letters of the alphabet. The girls were all brown, some being fairer than others, with black eyes and hair. They wore a small petticoat, and a ravaky (short body, just reaching short of the waist), with no hats or footwear. Jewelry worn were nose-studs, earrings, anklets, silver belts, gold necklaces. All instructions were given in Tamil. The teacher rode a pony from Shoolay to reach the school in Ulsoor. The schools were funded by donations from England. [16]

The Wesleyan Mission Girls School in Ulsoor had 50–60 native girls, from families in the Ulsoor neighbourhood. The school building cost GBP 60, paid for by sale of articles sent to Mrs. Catherine Male (wife of Matthew Trevan Male) from supporters in Stockport, Richmond, Manchester, Acton, etc. [14] (Catherine wife of Matthew Trevan Male of the Wesleyan Missionary Society who died on 29 August 1865 aged 49 and Fanny Lees child of Catherine and Matthew Male born 29 January 1861 and died 24 April 1861, are buried at the Agram Protestant Cemetery, Bangalore [17] )

The school in Ulsoor was for the higher caste girls, who refused to study with the lower caste. Mrs. Symon further writes about the annual examination which was held on 22 December 1865, were the students were examined for basic maths, Tamil Poetry, Tamil grammar and Geography. The school had 71 students now, and they had learned sewing and produced 86 garments. At this instance, a letter written by one of the students (P Marneekummal) to Mrs. Symon was read out. Dolls, bags, boxes were distributed as prizes and children were given cakes and fruit. [18]

The Ulsoor Wesleyan Mission School was closed in around 1954, and the school and staff were transferred to the Goodwills School at Promenade Road.

Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road

William Sproston Caine in his book 'Picturesque India: a Handbook for European Travellers', published in 1890, describes the Wesleyan Tamil School on Promenade Road, Cleveland Town, St. John's Hill as being headed by a missionary. The missionary's house is recorded to being just next to the boarding school. The missionary was being assisted by a native preacher, zenana visitors, catechists, and bible women. The principal chapel of the mission is described as being at Haines Road, and another Wesleyan chapel being constructed at Shoolay (Wesley Tamil Church, Commisionarant Road). The other Wesleyan Tamil schools in the Bangalore Civil and Military Station were English boys middle school in the Cantonment bazaar (Methodist Mission High School, Dharmaraja Kovil St.), Anglo-Vernacular schools in Shoolay and Mootocherry, five Tamil schools, and five day-schools for girls (pp. 522–523). [19]

Fred Goodwill

Fred Goodwill (1874-1969)) Fred Goodwill, 1900, by Felix S Wecksler.jpg
Fred Goodwill (1874-1969))

Documentation of the life of Rev. Fred Goodwill was done after extensive research by his grand daughter Jane Smith. Fred was born on 20 February 1874, to Elizabeth and Thomas Goodwill, Yorkshire, UK. Fred arrived in India in 1899, posted as the superintendent of the Wesleyan Tamil Mission, Bangalore and Kolar Gold Fields. Fred was a scholar of the Tamil Language, [3] [20] and was also fluent in Canarese (Kannada) and Telagu (Telugu). [20] Fred is acknowledged as an authority on Tamil Shaiva Literature, with authors quoting from his research. [21] [22] [23] [24] As one of the founding members of the Mythic Society, [25] his published papers on the history of the Mysore State form the basis of history of the State, as we know it now. [26] [27] [28] Fred was a keen photographer, who documented life in the British Bangalore Cantonment, in the early 1900s. His photos published as Tuck's Postcards, provide a valuable documentation of the history of the Bangalore Civil and Military Station. [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] His 26 years service to the Wesleyan Mission saw his campaign strongly for the cause of women's education beyond class and caste. [1]

In his 26 years in India, Rev. Fred Goodwill contributed immensely to the education and progress of Tamil literature in Bangalore Cantonment. His name is associated with books on Tamil Literature published around that period in British India, and Fred Goodwill authored many academic articles on Tamil Literature, which were published in Journals. [21] [22] Fred's articles on Tamil literature are mainly on the Shaivism philosophy, [23] [24] [35] [36] [37] Tiruvacakam, the poetry of the Shavite Saints Tirunavukkarasar, Manikkavacakar, Sundarar and Sambandar. [21] [22] [23] [24] Research done by Fred Goodwill is quoted by works of later authors of Dravidian culture, Shaiva Siddhanta and Ancient Tamil literature, along with that of George Uglow Pope. [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] About the Tamil poetry and literature on Saiva Siddhanta he remarked "'Those who have studied the system unanimously agree that this eulogy is not a whit too enthusiastic or free worded. That the system is eclectic is at once apparent". [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]

Fred and the Wesleyan Mission School

In British India, education of the girl child was considered a taboo by Hindus as well as Indian Christians. The Wesleyan Tamil Girls School, Bangalore was established in 1851. Around fifty years later, Fred Goodwill built on its foundations and improved the school to a great extent. In 1906, Fred Goodwill began to assist the principal of the school Ms. Sisterson, eventually becoming its manager. His wife, Alice also got actively involved in educating the children and took time to teach needlework and crafts. [50] Fred Goodwill was keen to stress to importance of education of girls irrespective of any caste barriers in the Bangalore Cantonment. [50] [51] He once wrote in "preparing girls for future work we remember that we are preparing workers to hasten the time when foreign missionaries will be a thing of the past". In respect for his work at the Wesleyan Girls Tamil School was renamed as Goodwills Girls School. [50] [52] [53]

Present Status

The school is trying to stay relevant to the cause of providing education to girls. It has now been upgraded to junior college and degree college in its compound. There are nearly 1200 girl children studying in the school. The school's original stone structure (built in 1888) still stands and is a prominent landmark of the Cantonment. An auditorium and a chapel has been added to the school, and also a library named after Ms. Little. The school once imparted education in Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. However, it now offers only English Medium Education. [10]

Goodwill Stalwarts

Rose Sisterson

Rose Sisterson Memorial, Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road, Bangalore Rose Sisterson, Wesley Tamil, Bangalore.jpg
Rose Sisterson Memorial, Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road, Bangalore

There exists a memorial plaque at the Wesley Tamil Church, Haines Road, Bangalore

TO THE GLORY OF GOD AND IN LOVING MEMORY OF
MISS ROSE SISTERSON
A GREAT PIONEER MISSIONARY OF THIS CHURCH AND
FORMER PRINCIPAL OF GOODWILL GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL 1905-1938
WHO SLEPT IN CHRIST ON 8TH DEC. 1967. IN ENGLAND.
AGED 92
FIGHT THE GOOD FIGHT OF FAITH. LAY HOLD ON
ETERNAL LIFE WHERE THOU ART ALSO CALLED
1. TIM. 6-12
ERECTED BY WELLWISHERS 13TH OCT. 1968

[54]

Notable alumni

Photos

There are hundreds of photos of the Goodwill's Girls School, dating to the early 20th century, in the Fred Goodwill collection. [56]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arumuka Navalar</span> Sri Lankan Shaivism and Tamil language scholar, reformer, revivalist

Arumuka Navalar was a Sri Lankan Shaivite Tamil language scholar and a religious reformer who was central in reviving native Hindu Tamil traditions in Sri Lanka and India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ulsoor</span> Neighbourhood in Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Halasuru, known as Ulsoor during the British Rule, is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city of Bangalore. It is in central Bangalore, and begins near the eastern terminus of Mahatma Gandhi Raste. It is renowned for its numerous temples and market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C. W. Thamotharampillai</span> Indian advocate and high court judge

Cirupitty Wyravanathar Thamotharampillai (Pillai) ), sometimes referred to by the initials as C. Y., devoted his energies to the work of editing and publishing some of the oldest works of classical Tamil poetry and grammar. According to Kamil Zvelebil, he was the first person to be "engaged in the rediscovery of the earliest classical literature" of Tamil, and that his "greatness and merits have never been acknowledged".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T. N. Sivagnanam Pillai</span> Indian politician

Diwan Bahadur Sir Tinnevely Nelliappa Sivagnanam Pillai was an Indian lawyer, civil servant and politician from the Madras Presidency. He belonged to the Justice Party. He served as the Minister of Development in the government of the Raja of Panagal from 1923 to 1926.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bengaluru Pete</span> Neighbourhood in Bangalore Urban, Karnataka, India

Bengaluru Pete is the area of Bangalore city which was established by Kempegowda I in 1537 with roads laid out in the cardinal directions, and entrance gates at the end of each road. Kempegowda also termed the Pete he built as his "gandu bhoomi" or "Land of Heroes". Pete forms a well–defined body of markets which were associated with various trades and professions of the populace in the locality markets and given the names of trades pursued in such markets. The well known markets are the Tharagupete–market for grains, the Balepete – for Bangles and musical instruments, the Chikkapete and the Nagarthpete for textile trade, the Ballapurpete and the Ganigarapete market where oil is extracted by people of the Ganiga community, the Tigalarapete–flower market of gardeners, the Cubbonpete – textile manufacture by people of the Devanga community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fred Goodwill</span> British missionary (1874–1969)

Fred Goodwill (1874–1969) was a British missionary stationed in Bangalore, British India, between 1899 and 1924, serving as the superintendent of the Wesleyan Tamil Mission, Bangalore, and Kolar Gold Fields. He is acknowledged for working for the cause of education of native women in the Bangalore Cantonment. The Goodwills Girls School located in Fraser Town, Bangalore Cantonment is named after him. He was a scholar of the Tamil Language, and was also fluent in Canarese (Kannada) and Telagu (Telugu). Fred is acknowledged as an authority on Tamil Shaiva Literature, with authors quoting from his research. As one of the founding members of the Mythic Society, his published papers on the history of the Mysore State form the basis of history of the State, as we know it now.

The Karnataka Central Diocese is one of the twenty-two dioceses of the Church of South India covering the central part of Karnataka.

Elijah Hoole (1798–1872) was an English orientalist and Wesleyan Methodist missionary.

Murphy Town or Knoxpete, is a suburb located near Bangalore Cantonment, India. It is one of the oldest planned suburbs of the Cantonment, and was earlier known as Knoxpete, and was later changed to Hoysala Nagar. It is located North of Halasuru, with Murphy Road running along its periphery, and is also bounded by Old Madras Road and Kensington Road, with part of Kensington Road overlooking Halasuru Lake Madras Sappers.

Fraser Town, Bengaluru or Mootocherry, is a locality of Bangalore Cantonment, located in the central part of the city spread over 4 km2. It was established in 1906 and is named after Stuart Mitford Fraser (1864–1963), who was the tutor and guardian of Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Maharaja of Mysore. Fraser Town was established to de-congest the growing Bangalore Civil and Military Station. The foundation of Fraser Town was laid in August 1910 by Mrs. F J Richards, with a commemorative plaque on the corner of Coles Road and Mosque Road.

Cox Town, Bengaluru is a neighborhood of the Bangalore Cantonment, located in the central part of the city and named after the last Collector and District Magistrate of the Bangalore Civil and Military Station, Alexander Ranken Cox, Indian Civil Services. It is one of the suburbs which came out of the plan to de-congest thickly populated areas of the Bangalore Cantonment after the bubonic plague. Agricultural fields were converted for this purpose, and town was planned according to modern hygienic standards, with drainage and conservancy conveniences. Sarvagnanagara is bound by the Bangalore-Madras Railway line on the North and East, Wheeler Road in the East and the Ulsoor Polo Ground in the South. It consists of posh localities like Heerachand Layout and other localities like Sindhi Colony, Jeevanahalli, Doddigunta, and roads such as Assaye Road, Charles Campbell Road, Wheeler Road, etc. and is adjoining the suburbs of Pulakeshi Nagara, Sri Krishnaraja Wadiyar Nagara and Cooke Town, with easy access to the Bengaluru East Railway Station, Halasuru, Lingarajapura, Shivajinagara. Sarvagnanagara is a well planned, posh and preferred locality in the Bangalore Cantonment, created during the British Raj. The residents of Sarvagnanagara follow a liberal 'live a let live' attitude, with suburb still retaining much of its green cover, without excessive commercialisation. In 1988, the BBMP renamed Cox Town as Sarvagnanagara, after a 16th-century saint poet.

Austin Town, Bengaluru is a locality of the Bangalore Cantonment, named after a British Collector and Municipal President of the Civil and Military Station, Sir. James Austin. Located in the central part of Bangalore, the suburb is known for having produced some of India's best football players, with the game being very popular. In the age of IPL, the dream of the children of Ferdinand Kittel Nagara is to be playing for the best football clubs one day. In 1998, the BBMP renamed Austin Town as Ferdinand Kittel Nagar, after an 18th-century linguist and Protestant German missionary of the Basel Mission, Rev. Ferdinand Kittel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. John's Church, Bangalore</span> Church in Bangalore, India

St. John's Church is located in St. John's Hill, Cleveland Town, Bangalore Cantonment, India, in between Promenade Road and St. John's Church Road. The church is the fourth oldest Protestant church in the city, with a distinct red edifice and towering steeple, rising out of the leafy surroundings. The church is dedicated to St. John the Evangelist.

The Rice Memorial Church is located in the busy Avenue Road, Bangalore Pete. It is named after Rev. Benjamin Holt Rice, a missionary of the London Missionary Society (LMS), a Canarese scholar and a pioneer of education in the Bangalore Pete region. The Rice Memorial Church stands on a busy street in the midst of temple, dargahs, book shops and heavy traffic, with its colonial British structure appearing to be out of place in the traditional Bangalore market district. The church stands on the site of the London Mission Canarese Chapel built by Rev. Rice, which itself was built on the site of the first Canarese chapel built by William Campbell in 1834. The church is a stone building in the European Classical style, with Tuscan columns, pediments and keystone arch windows. The church building has been demolished and raised at least 3 times, with the current structure consecrated in 1917.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson Memorial Church, Bangalore</span> Church in Bangalore, India

The Hudson Memorial Church is located in the Bangalore Pete, Hudson Circle, surrounded by the Office of the Bangalore Corporation, Ulsoor Gate Police Station, Cubbon Park and Kanteerava Stadium. The church was established in 1904, and is a Kannada CSI church of the Bangalore Diocese. The church has around 4000 registered members and is named after Rev. Josiah Hudson, a missionary, Canarese scholar and educationist who started many Canarese schools in the Bangalore Petah region. The church was earlier known as the Wesleyan Mission Canarese Chapel, and was located in Ganikara Street, Nagarathpet, and moved the current location at Hudson Circle and renamed as Hudson Memorial Church in 1904. The church attracts people of all faiths, who visit the church to seek blessing, especially in Thursdays and Sundays.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Hodson</span>

Thomas Hodson was a Wesleyan Missionary, who served in India, in the Wesleyan Canarese Mission, at the Bangalore Petah and Gubbi. He helped in running the first Wesleyan Mission Canarese school in the erstwhile Mysore State. Hodson was a linguist and a Kannada scholar, and was also fluent in Tamil and Bengali. He helped in establishing the Wesleyan Canarese Chapel at Nagarthpete in the Bangalore Petah. In 1864, Hodson wrote An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language, a treatise on the grammar of the Kannada language.

The East Parade Church, consecrated in 1865, is located on Mahatma Gandhi Road, in the Bangalore Cantonment. The church comes under the Karnataka Central Diocese of the Church of South India. Started in the early 19th century as the Wesleyan Mission Chapel by Wesleyan believers of the Madras Army with Tamil and English services, the Church now has services in Tamil and Malayalam. The name East Parade comes from its location on the East of the Parade Grounds of the Madras Engineer Group (MEG) regiment. The present church building was raised in 1865, on the site of the old Wesleyan Mission Chapel, with an inscription dated 6 October 1863 marking the laying of the foundation stone.

The United Mission School is located on Mission Road, Bangalore and is managed by the Church of South India. The school offers English medium education and is affiliated to the Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board. The school has classes from Year 1 to Year 10. In 1993, the United Mission Degree College was established on the same campus, offering Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Business Management courses, affiliated to the Bangalore University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Arthur Memorial Church, Gubbi</span> Church in Gubbi, India

The William Arthur Memorial Church is located on the Bangalore-Honavar Road at Gubbi Town, about 80 km from Bangalore. The church is painted brick red and built in the Gothic style, being completed in 1904. The church is named after William Arthur, an Irish Wesleyan missionary and Canarese scholar, who served in Gubbi. The present structure replacing the old Gobbee Chapel, built by Thomas Hodson. The church is managed by the Church of South India and comes under the Karnataka Central Diocese

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meykandar</span> 13th-century Tamil Hindu philosopher

Meykandar, also known as Meykanda Devar, was a 13th-century philosopher and theologian who contributed to the Shaiva Siddhanta school of Shaivism. His literary work known as Śiva Jñāna Bodham on Shaiva Siddhanta has enjoyed great vogue and prestige among Tamils comparable to other works of Hindu philosophy from the Advaita of Adi Shankara and Vishishtadvaita of Ramanuja.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Rizvi, Aliyeh (15 February 2015). "Resident Rendezvoyeur: Goodwill Hunting". No. Bangalore. Bangalore Mirror. Bangalore Mirror Bureau. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  2. ↑ S, Kushala (27 October 2014). "Journey through the spirit of Bangalore". No. Bangalore. Bangalore Mirror. Bangalore Mirror Bureau. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  3. 1 2 Rajangam, Krupa (27 June 2013). "Mootoocherry and St Marks: These are districts, the English built". No. Bangalore. Citizen Matters. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  4. 1 2 Hoole, Elijah (1829). Personal Narrative of a Mission to the South of India, from 1820 to 1828. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. pp.  332 . Retrieved 5 May 2015. Elijah Hoole bangalore.
  5. ↑ Missionary Register. London: Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday. 1822. p.  77 . Retrieved 5 May 2015. bangalore.
  6. ↑ Hoole, Elijah (1844). Madras, Mysore, and the South of India: or, A personal narrative of a mission to those countries, from 1820 to 1828 (PDF) (Second ed.). London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 166–167. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  7. ↑ Marx, Karl (22 June 1853). "Sir Charles Woods' East India Reforms". The New-York Tribune. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  8. ↑ "Wood's Despatch of 1854". General Knowledge Today. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  9. ↑ Educational Papers: A Supplement to the South India Missionary Conference Report. Madras, British India: Addison and Co., Mount Road. 1880. pp.  1–29. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 Roye, Janardhan (21 June 2004). "Earning goodwill since 1855!". No. Bangalore. Deccan Herald. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  11. ↑ "Something About Mrs. Little's School in Bangalore, India". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XIII. London: Wesleyan Mission House: 63–65. 1856. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  12. ↑ Little (February 1857). "Half Yearly Examination of the Native Girls' School in Bangalore". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XIV. London: Wesleayan Mission-House: 20–23. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  13. ↑ G, EK (September 1857). "The Unpromising Girl in the Madras School". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XIV. London: Wesleyan Mission-House: 100–104. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  14. 1 2 "Native Girls School and Preaching-Room, Alasoor, Bangalore - Bangalore Cantonment, 8 July 1865". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XXII. London: Wesleyan Mission House: 43–46. December 1865. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  15. ↑ "A Street Scene in India, Outside the Wesleyan Girls School, Bangalore". The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons. New III. Wesleyan Missionary Society: 7. January 1869. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  16. ↑ Symone, Anne M (1865). "Letter from Bangalore - Shoolay, Bangalore, 8 September 1864". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XXII. London: Wesleyan Mission House: 43–46. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  17. ↑ Johnson, Ronnie. "The Old Protestant Cemetery or Agram Cemetery". Bangalore Walla. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  18. ↑ "Short Notices of Schools and School Children in Foreign Lands: Mrs. Symon's Account - 22 December 1865, Bangalore". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. XXIII. London: Wesleyan Mission House: 62–64. April 1866. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  19. ↑ Caine, William Sproston (1890). Picturesque India: A Handbook for European Travellers. London: London and G. Routledge & Sons, Limited. pp.  522–523. ISBN   9781274043993 . Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  20. 1 2 Jane, Smith. "Fred Goodwill". Share History. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  21. 1 2 3 Goodwill, Fred (1903). "The Saiva Siddhanta". The Siddhanta Deepika or the Light of Truth. 6: 144–153. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  22. 1 2 3 Kingsbury, Frank (1921). Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints (1921) (PDF). Oxford University Press. p. Author's Note. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  23. 1 2 3 Civācāriyar, Aruṇanti (1913). Šivajñāna Siddhiyār of Arunandi Šivāchārya. Meykandan Press. p. iii, xiii. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  24. 1 2 3 Bergunder, Michael; Frese, Heiko; Schröder, Ulrike (2011). Ritual, Caste, and Religion in Colonial South India. Germany: Franckesche Stiftungen zu Halle. p. 50. ISBN   9789380607214 . Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  25. ↑ Aruni, S K (15 February 2012). "A song of captivity". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  26. ↑ ICHR (2011). Annual Report (2009–2010). New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR). p. 76.
  27. ↑ Parsons, Constance E; Milford, H (1930). Mysore City. Mysore (India): Oxford University Press. p. 140. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  28. ↑ University of London, Institute for Historical Research (1969). Writings on British History. 4: 119.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ The New Indian Express (4 November 2013). "Rediscover old Bangalore at Rangoli Metro Art Centre". No. Bangalore. The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013.
  30. ↑ Kumar, G. S. (5 November 2013). "From the frames: Snapshots of Bangalore from early 1900s". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
  31. ↑ The Hindu (7 November 2013). "Remembrance of things past". The Hindu.
  32. ↑ Madhukar, Jayanthi (4 November 2013). "Memories of Bangalore". Bangalore Mirror.
  33. ↑ Vakkalanka, Harshini (12 November 2013). "History in black and white". The Hindu.
  34. ↑ Kumar, Chethan (2012). "Tale of two cities". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  35. ↑ Ramachandran, T N (1984). Saiva Siddhantam. Dharmapuram, Mayiladuthurai, TN, India: Dharmapura Adhinam. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  36. ↑ Pillai, J M Nallaswami (1913). Sivajnana Siddhiyar of Arunandi Sivacharya. Madras, British India: Meykandan Press. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  37. ↑ Pillai, G Subrahmanya (1948). Tree-worship and Ophiolatry. Annamalai University Publication. p. 100. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  38. ↑ Arulsamy, S (2000). Religion for a New Society. Delhi: ISPCK. p. 62. ISBN   9788172145941 . Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  39. ↑ Arulsamy, S (1986). Journal of Dharma, Volume 11. Bangalore: Centre for the Study of World Religions, Dharmaram College. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  40. ↑ Arulsamy, S (1987). Saivism, a perspective of grace. Sterling Publishers Private Limited. p. 1. ISBN   9788120707573 . Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  41. ↑ Raman, V V (1994). The Siddhānta Dipikā and Āgamic Review or The Light of Truth: Volume 10. Asian Educational Services. p. 37.
  42. ↑ Mutaliyār, T Celvakkēcavarāya (1912). சைவ சபை, பாளையங்கோட்டை, 25-வது ஆண்டு நிறைவுமகாசங்கப் பிரசங்கங்கள். ராமநிலைய விவேகானந்த முத்திராக்ஷரசாலை. p. 102. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  43. ↑ Balasubramaniam, K M (1965). The life of J. M. Nallaswami Pillai: the centenary memorial to a champion of Saiva siddhanta. J. M. Somasundaram Pillai. p. i, 141. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  44. ↑ Thekkedath, Joseph (1990). History of Christianity in India: pt. 2. Tamilnadu in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Church History Association of India. p. 144. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  45. ↑ Pillai, J M Nallaswami (1909). "The Saiva Religion and Saiva Advaita Siddhanta Philosophy". Convention of Religions, Calcutta. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  46. ↑ Thiruvengadam, Mu (n.d.). "The World Hails Tamil Religion" . Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  47. ↑ Pillai, J M Nallaswami (1910). "The Saiva Religion". Convention of Religions in India: Proceedings: 439–440. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  48. ↑ Pillai, J M Nallaswami (1911). Studies in Saiva Siddhanta. Madras, British India: The Meykandan Press. p.  314 . Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  49. ↑ Baskaran, V (2012). Contribution of religion to the development of temples with special reference to Saivism: a study (PDF). Shodh Ganga. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  50. 1 2 3 Smith, Jane. "Fred Goodwill" (PDF). Amzon Web Services.
  51. ↑ British and Foreign Bible Society (1915). 111th Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Bible House. p. 236. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  52. ↑ Asher, Catherine B (1995). India 2001: Reference Encyclopedia, Volume 1. South Asia Publications. p. 26. ISBN   9780945921424 . Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  53. ↑ Deccan Herald (2 July 2013). "Supporting the community". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  54. 1 2 George, Moses (21 January 2015). "Stone Plaque In Remembrance Of Miss Rose Sisterson". Share History. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  55. ↑ "The Stalwarts of Goodwill Institutions". Goodwill Christian College for Women. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  56. ↑ Smith, Jane. "Goodwill School". Share History. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.