Greenpeace USA

Last updated
Greenpeace USA
Formation1979
Type Non-governmental organization
95-3313195 [1]
Focus Environmentalism, peace, clean energy
Location
Area served
United States of America
Method Campaigning, lobbying, research, direct action
Key people
 Annie Leonard (co-executive director) Ebony Twilley Martin (co-executive director)
Website www.greenpeace.org/usa/

Greenpeace USA is the United States affiliate of Greenpeace International, an environmental nonprofit organization that spawned a social movement inspired by direct actions on the high seas to stop whaling and nuclear testing. [2] Headquartered in Washington D.C., Greenpeace U.S.A. operates with an annual budget of approximately $40 million, employing over 500 people in 2020. [3] The organization relies on donations from members, refuses corporate contributions and refrains from endorsing political candidates, though in 2020 Greenpeace USA issued climate scorecards for presidential candidates and ranked them from best to worst on climate [4] [5]

Contents

In a 2022 move to unite the labor and environmental movements, Greenpeace U.S.A.'s Co-director Annie Leonard, producer of web videos on throw-away consumer culture, recruited Tefere Gebre, the executive vice-president of the AFL-CIO, to become chief program officer overseeing campaigns and communications with an emphasis on climate justice. [6] [7] Since its inception in the 1970s, Greenpeace U.S.A. has waged a series of corporate campaigns, street protests and sting operations focused on de-escalating the arms race, drawing connections between the climate crisis and militarism, stopping deforestation, ending fossil fuels, preventing plastic pollution and other issues. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Organizational structure

Greenpeace USA is a nonprofit 501(c) (4) lobby group that seeks “to change current environmental policies and practices” through “grassroots lobbying for various legislative initiatives.” The Greenpeace Fund is a 501 (c) (3) tax deductible charitable organization that promotes Greenpeace USA's mission to protect the environment. [12] The Greenpeace Fund makes grants, conducts education campaigns and funds research, including a report on social media companies' lack of transparency in addressing climate change disinformation. [13] [14]

In 2020 Greenpeace USA's budget was approximately $40 million with hundreds of people on payroll. [15]

The organization also relies on volunteer activists to work in the following capacities: small group regional "action pods" [16] to promote green campaigns on the local level; ambassadors to lead volunteer programs; letter writers to influence voters or target corporations; [17] text bankers to mobilize Greenpeace supporters and voters during elections. [18]

Greenpeace USA is one of 26 national and regional organizations (NRO's) that are members of the Amsterdam-based Greenpeace International. As a member, Greenpeace USA is expected to implement and support Greenpeace International's long term overarching program campaigns. Each NRO has its own legal unit and governing board. [19]

History

San Francisco, 1989. Greenpeace shop at Larkin Street. San Francisco, California, U.S.A. San Francisco 1989 17.jpg
San Francisco, 1989. Greenpeace shop at Larkin Street. San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

Greenpeace was first organized in the United States as independent corporations in 1975, when Greenpeace San Francisco opened, followed by groups in Hawaii, Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver, and the Great Lakes region. In 1979, these offices agreed to be represented on the board of a new corporatiion to be named "Greenpeace USA". [20] The Vancouver, British Columbia based Greenpeace Foundation, the original Quaker-influenced Greenpeace organization, then filed a lawsuit against the San Francisco office for using the name Greenpeace, which the Canadian office said was trademarked. [21] The conflict was resolved and a trial averted when an international Greenpeace council was formed with representation from each country to pay off the $250-thousand dollars of debt owed by the Vancouver office. [22] In the late 1980s, Greenpeace USA underwent a budget-driven restructuring to effectively make the USA a fundraising base for European campaigns, closing down all of the original Greenpeace corporations throughout the country except the U.S. organization incorporated in Hawaii, which has continued a national and international campaign presence as an unaffiliated organization since 1985. [23]

Jon Hinck, co-founder

In November 1978, when Jon Hinck was 24 and unemployed in Seattle, he answered a Greenpeace magazine Help Wanted ad, "Selling advertising for a good cause." Though hesitant to join a radical group then based in Vancouver, B.C., he took the sales job in Seattle and later began reporting for the magazine, covering the dumping of nuclear waste and use of toxic herbicides. After demonstrating his creativity as an activist, " posting official-looking pollution warning signs at local lakes" — Hinck was hired as the campaign director for Greenpeace Seattle... [24] [25] [26] In late 1979, he represented that office at a meeting of the U.S.-based branches of Greenpeace and joined in the creation of the new national affiliate, Greenpeace USA. [24] Under Hinck's leadership as national campaign director, Greenpeace Seattle, together with Greenpeace Vancouver, worked to prevent oil pollution on the Northwest Coast [27] with a successful ban on oil supertankers in Puget Sound and rejection of the Northern Tier Pipeline. [28] The work of Hinck's team at Greenpeace USA, along with that of other activists, resulted in the U.S. government's end to nuclear waste disposal at sea. [29] [30] Greenpeace subsequently achieved a total ban on nuclear dumping through the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. [31]

Phil Radford, executive director (2009-2014)

In 2009, 33-year-old Phil Radford, a Greenpeace canvasser, was hired as executive director of Greenpeace U.S.A. Radford, the youngest executive director in the organization's US history, was formerly the executive director of Power Shift, a grassroots Internet-based online community for youth in the climate movement. In a 2014 exit interview with Greenbiz, Radford said Greenpeace U.S.A. played an integral role in pressuring Asia Pulp & Paper to stop deforestation to preserve biodiversity and carbon storage in Indonesia. In launching a corporate campaign, Radford said the organization first conducts extensive research, then approaches a company or industry with a request to negotiate an agreement. If an agreement fails to materialize, Greenpeace will launch a public campaign to pressure the worst corporate abuser, and then recruit the targeted company to support new industry regulations. Radford added another approach when pushing for industry-wide transformation is to launch local and state ballot initiatives. [32]

Current leadership

Once jokingly known as an organization of "boys and their boats," Greenpeace U.S.A. is currently headed by two women: [33]

Annie Leonard, co-executive director (2014-2023)

In 2014, following the departure of Phil Radford, Greenpeace USA hired Annie Leonard, a single mother, as co-executive director. An author, activist and filmmaker, Leonard produced the popular 2007 web video, "The Story of Stuff," which traces the extraction, manufacture, production and distribution of disposable consumer items. Leonard's activism with Greenpeace U.S. A. dates back to 1998, when in her 20s she worked on a campaign to halt the exportation of hazardous waste to poor countries. She travelled the world tracking waste disposal and investigating companies, work that led to the Basel Convention, an international agreement that reduces the exportation of waste from wealthier countries to poorer nations. [34] One of Leonard's top priorities is exposing the influence of oil money in politics, with a focus on billionaires funding climate change denial. [33]

Ebony Twilley Martin, executive director (2021-present)

In 2021, Greenpeace selected Ebony Twilley Martin as co-executive director, making her the first Black woman executive director of a national environmental organization in the United States. Prior to the appointment, Twilley had worked at Greenpeace U.S.A. as chief officer of people and culture, senior talent acquisition manager and director of human resources. Twilley Martin became an environmental activist in 2008 after her son developed asthma living near a busy Maryland highway. Twilley's goals include a climate emergency declaration and an end to fossil fuel subsidies. In addition, she hopes to act as a bridge between the climate movement and communities of color. [35] In accepting the position, Twilley wrote, "“The environmental challenges we face are enormous–a point that Hurricane Ida has underscored when it slammed into Louisiana’s coast, a site of longstanding environmental health and justice struggles and now on the frontlines of the climate crisis. To address these intersecting crises, we have to build a strong and diverse organization ..." [36]

Tefere Gebre, chief program officer (2022-present)

Tefere Gebre, former Executive Vice President of the AFL-CIO, was recruited to serve as Greenpeace USA's Chief Program Officer overseeing campaigns, direct action and organizing. “I’m not leaving the workers’ movement — I'm bringing workers to the environmental movement,” Gebre told the New York Times. Originally from Ethiopia, Gebre said he wants to focus the organization on the impacts of pollution on people of color, build a climate justice movement and unite trade unionists and environmentalists to resist a xenophobic response to the climate refugee crisis. During his tenure with the AFL-CIO, Gebre grew frustrated with the reluctance of some labor leaders to support the environmental movement. [37]

August 3, 2013. Two activists hanging a banner across the street from the Department of State in protest of government inaction on climate change during a Major Emitters Forum meeting. Credit: Tim Aubry, Director of Visual Communication Greenpeace USA Too big to fail Greenpeace banner Phil Radford.jpg
August 3, 2013. Two activists hanging a banner across the street from the Department of State in protest of government inaction on climate change during a Major Emitters Forum meeting. Credit: Tim Aubry, Director of Visual Communication Greenpeace USA

Campaigns, protests and politics

February 2, 2017. Resist Trump Rally at Chuck Schumer's NYC Office. -ResistTrump (32634485496).jpg
February 2, 2017. Resist Trump Rally at Chuck Schumer's NYC Office.

2020 Presidential campaign

Although Greenpeace USA, a tax exempt organization, does not endorse political candidates, it does issue candidate and lawmaker scorecards. In the 2020 Presidential race, Greenpeace USA ranked Senator Bernie Sanders (D-VT) as the best climate candidate with an A+ (94 out of 100) and incumbent President Donald Trump as the worst (0 out of 100). Joe Biden, who went on to win the Presidential contest, received a D score for not releasing a plan to tackle the climate crisis. Greenpeace USA based its rankings on the candidates' support for a Green New Deal and an end to fossil fuels. [38] [39]

Climate and militarism

Ukraine and Russian oil

In March, 2022, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Greenpeace activists set out in boats to intercept a 50,000 ton Greek vessel delivering Russian oil to the port of New York. Activists unfurled a banner "Oil fuels war" to draw attention to the continuous deliveries of Russian oil despite President Biden's call for sanctions. The protest occurred during a 45-day grace period leading up to the White House's imposition of sanctions against Russian oil and gas imports.

Anusha Narayanan, climate campaign director at Greenpeace USA and a protest participant, told the press,“The oil and gas companies that are responsible for our skyrocketing gas prices are the same companies that are fueling conflicts and death around the globe. A more peaceful, livable, and equal future depends on breaking our addiction to volatile and conflict-driven fossil fuels.” [8]

Pipeline protests

Keystone pipeline

2011. Phil Radford, former executive director of Greenpeace USA, arrested in Keystone protest outside the White House. Credit: Joshua Lopez Phil Radford, Executive Director of Greenpeace USA, is Arrested in front of White House.jpg
2011. Phil Radford, former executive director of Greenpeace USA, arrested in Keystone protest outside the White House. Credit: Joshua Lopez

From 2011 to 2013, Phil Radford, executive director of Greenpeace USA, participated in multiple White House protests demanding President Obama order a halt to construction of the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline. [9] Using flexi-ties to attach themselves to the White House, protesters in business suits conducted a 2011 sit-in on Pennsylvania Avenue, urging Obama to issue executive orders to not only halt Keystone but also implement stricter rules to regulate power plant emissions, block coal and natural gas exports and maximize energy efficiency in buildings. [9] Radford was arrested, along with actress Daryl Hannah, in the 2011 sit-in to protest President Obama's energy policies. [40] [9]

In 2021, Greenpeace U.S.A. applauded President's Biden executive order revoking the permit for the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline, [41] while urging the President to eliminate all fossil fuel subsidies. [42]

Dakota Access Oil Pipeline, North Dakota. 2016. Bakken - Dakota Access Oil Pipeline, North Dakota (29357938502).jpg
Dakota Access Oil Pipeline, North Dakota. 2016.

Dakota Access pipeline

In 2019 a federal court in North Dakota dismissed as unfounded a racketeering and defamation lawsuit filed by Energy Transfer Partners LP, the builder of the 1,000-mile Dakota Access Pipeline, against Greenpeace USA, EarthFirst and BankTrack for their pipeline protests. [43] Greenpeace USA activists had joined with indigenous tribes and thousands of environmentalists from around the country to block construction of the pipeline. The protests drew national and international attention over Native American tribes' treaty rights, access to clean drinking water and the dangers of burning fossil fuels. The lawsuit alleged Greenpeace USA misled the public with false claims about the Standing Rock Sioux tribes' sacred sites and the likelihood the pipeline would contaminate the Missouri River in North Dakota. [44] In contrast, a 2018 Greenpeace report said Energy Transfer pipelines and those owned by the company's subsidiaries "spilled over 500 times in the last decade." [45]

In response to the court's ruling of insufficient evidence, Tom Wetterer, general counsel to Greenpeace USA, said the ruling "sends a clear message to companies trying to muzzle civil society that corporate overreach will not be tolerated. It is also a check on corporate efforts to silence dissent.” [46]

The Intercept online newspaper earlier reported Energy Transfer Partners hired the private security firm of TigerSwan to gather information for the lawsuit via fake social media accounts and infiltration of protest camps. [47]

The Arctic

Following Greenpeace USA's high-profile direct action, Shell Oil announced in 2015 it would abandon oil exploration in the Arctic. The oil company blamed declining oil prices for the decision, though Greenpeace USA attributed Shell's turn-around to pressure from environmentalists. Earlier, a group of Greenpeace USA activists had rappelled off a bridge in Portland, Oregon, in an effort to block a Shell oil drilling ship from leaving the city's port. . [48] [49]

Congress

Flotilla confronts Manchin

In 2021, Greenpeace USA joined a flotilla of kayaks and small boats outside of West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin's yacht in Washington D.C. to draw attention to Manchin's refusal to support Congress' climate-friendly reconciliation package. In reference to President Biden's Build Back Better Plan, a critical part of the proposed $3.5 trillion reconciliation package, protesters in the Potomac waved signs that said "Don’t sink West Virginia,” “Manchin pass the bill,” “BBB brings jobs to WV” and “No climate no deal.” [50] [51]

Hot Seat

In 2008, Greenpeace's Project Hot Seat campaign aimed to pressure members of the United States Congress to implement policies to curb and cut greenhouse gas emissions, and what Phil Radford, then Greenpeace Executive Director, said was "going to be key to making the environmental movement into a viable political force in Congress and around the country." [52]

Sting operations and investigations

Exxon Mobil executive on video

In 2021 Greenpeace's "Project Unearthed" released video clips of an Exxon Mobil executive revealing the oil company's lobbying tactics to weaken President Biden's infrastructure plan. Keith McCoy, Exxon Mobil's senior director for federal relations, told the press he was tricked by Greenpeace activists posing as job recruiters. On video, McCoy spoke about working with "shadow groups" to back a carbon tax he never thought would be imposed, as well as influencing senators to weaken climate provisions in Biden's plans. McCoy was taped calling Joe Manchin, the Democratic Senator from West Virginia, a "kingmaker" who McCoy talked to every week. [53] [54]

Academic sting operation

In 2015, the New York Times reported professors at Princeton and Pennsylvania State University got caught in a sting operation when Greenpeace employees, posing as energy company representatives, persuaded the professors to accept money to tout the benefits of coal and carbon emissions. Lawrence Carter, a Greenpeace employee involved in the sting, said the purpose of the charade was to“unravel the story” of industry's role in climate change denial. [55]

Arms race

Star Wars protest at Vandenberg

In 2002, A federal judge sentenced Greenpeace protesters to one year probation for disrupting a "Star Wars" missile program at Vandenberg Air Force Base in Southern California. After reaching a deal with federal prosecutors, Greenpeace agreed to pay a $150,000 civil fine and refrain from further acts of civil disobedience at U.S. military bases involved in the missile program. [56] Initially, the protesters had been charged with felonies for entering a restricted area at Vandenberg Air Force base, forcing a delay in the missile launch. Greenpeace U.S.A. opposes a space-based missile shield, arguing the Star Wars program escalates the arms race and increases the likelihood of nuclear war. [57]

Plastics

Case against Walmart dismissed

In 2021, a U.S. District Court Judge dismissed Greenpeace's lawsuit against Walmart, ruling the organization lacked legal standing. Greenpeace USA had charged that Walmart employs "unlawful, unfair, and deceptive business practices" in falsely labeling and promoting private-label plastic products as recyclable. Judge Maxine Chesney said Greenpeace U.S.A. lacked standing because the organization never believed Walmart's claims to begin with, and so therefore could not persuade the court that Greenpeace had been misled. [58]

In response to the ruling, Greenpeace USA Oceans Campaign Director John Hocevar said, "“Walmart failed to take action when we pointed out that they were labeling packaging as recyclable when it was headed for landfills and incinerators. When we finally took them to court, Walmart used a legal technicality to challenge our right to file rather than addressing the substance of the case.” [59]

Research on single-use plastics

In 2021, Greenpeace released best to worst rankings on 20 grocery chains' elimination of single-use plastics that pollute the ocean. Stores with the best rankings were Giant Eagle, ALDI and Sprouts Farmers Market; the worst scorers were Wakefern, WinCo Foods and H-E-B. [60] [61] In general, Greenpeace was pessimistic, saying "U.S. retailers are moving at a snail’s pace" to dispense with single-use plastics that are hard to recycle." Two years after Greenpeace issued an initial dismal scorecard, stores began selling reusable grocery bags and offering biodegradable containers. [60]

Coke and Pepsi leave plastics lobby

In 2019, in response to pressure from Greenpeace USA, both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo withdrew their membership in the Plastics Industry Association. The industry association had lobbied states to outlaw bans on plastic bottles. [62]

Mattel

In 2011, less than a week after Greenpeace USA activists unfurled a banner outside of Mattel's El Segundo offices, the toymaker famous for its plastic Barbie and Ken dolls announced the company would investigate claims they use materials that contribute to rainforest destruction. In the meantime, the company said they instructed their packaging supplier to stop buying from a questionable supplier. During the protest, several participants hung themselves off the building to unfurl the banner that featured Barbie's boyfriend Ken breaking up with Barbie, saying, “Barbie: it’s over. I don’t date girls that are into deforestation.” Several of the protesters were arrested. [63] [64]

Deforestation

Boreal Forest, Canada. 2005-09-16 BOP 65 (01) DDumais.jpg
Boreal Forest, Canada.

Kimberly-Clark agrees to sustainable sourcing

After activists from Greenpeace USA and counterparts in Canada protested Kimberly-Clark's sourcing practices, the multi-million dollar paper products company (Kleenex, Scott, Cottonelle, Huggies) vowed in 2009 to preserve forests by obtaining wood fiber from "environmentally responsible sources, including recycled wood fiber. " The company's announcement came on the heels of a five-year Greenpeace USA campaign objecting to the company's clear-cutting in Canada's Boreal Forest, the largest forest in the world, more vast than the Brazilian rainforest and critical for carbon storage. Protest actions had included sitting in at Kimberly Clark's headquarters in Massachusetts, blocking the company's production facility in Connecticut and publishing a New York Times ad suggesting that every time readers blew their nose with a Kleenex tissue they were destroying the Boreal Forest. [65] [66]

IRS audit

In 2006, after receiving complaints from Public Interest Watch Group, an organization funded, in part, by Exxon Mobil, the Internal Revenue Service conducted an audit of Greenpeace U.S.A. Following the months-long audit, the IRS informed the environmental organization that it could continue to operate as a non-profit entity exempt from federal income taxes. John Passacantando, executive director of Greenpeace USA, said, "I believe organizations should be scrutinized and audited, but I just don't believe you should get targeted because ... you're a critic of Exxon Mobil." An oil company spokesman said Exxon Mobil had contributed to PIW, but that was not responsible for initiating the audit." [67]

Personnel

Executive directors

co-Executive directors

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenpeace</span> Non-governmental environmental organization

Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning network, founded in Canada in 1971 by a group of environmental activists. Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity" and focuses its campaigning on worldwide issues such as climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic engineering, anti-war and anti-nuclear issues. It uses direct action, advocacy, research, and ecotage to achieve its goals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stop Esso campaign</span>

The Stop Esso campaign was a campaign by Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and People and Planet aimed at boycotting the oil company ExxonMobil, on the grounds that it is damaging the environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenwashing</span> Use of the aesthetic of conservationism to promote organisations

Greenwashing, also called green sheen, is a form of advertising or marketing spin in which green PR and green marketing are deceptively used to persuade the public that an organization's products, aims, and policies are environmentally friendly. Companies that intentionally take up greenwashing communication strategies often do so to distance themselves from their environmental lapses or those of their suppliers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Power Shift (conference)</span>

Power Shift is an annual youth summit which has been held in New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Other Power Shift Conferences are also being organised by members of the International Youth Climate Movement including Africa, Japan and India. The focus of the events is on climate change policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Business action on climate change</span> Range of activities by businesses relating to climate change

Business action on climate change includes a range of activities relating to climate change, and to influencing political decisions on climate change-related regulation, such as the Kyoto Protocol. Major multinationals have played and to some extent continue to play a significant role in the politics of climate change, especially in the United States, through lobbying of government and funding of climate change deniers. Business also plays a key role in the mitigation of climate change, through decisions to invest in researching and implementing new energy technologies and energy efficiency measures.

Energy Transfer LP is an American company engaged in the pipeline transportation, storage and terminalling for natural gas, crude oil, NGLs, refined products and liquid natural gas. It is organized under Delaware state laws and headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It was founded in 1996 by Ray Davis and Kelcy Warren, who remains Executive Chairman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fossil fuels lobby</span> Lobbying supporting the fossil fuels industry

The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry, as well as related industries like chemicals, plastics, aviation and other transportation. Because of their wealth and the importance of energy, transport and chemical industries to local, national and international economies, these lobbies have the capacity and money to attempt to have outsized influence on governmental policy. In particular, the lobbies have been known to obstruct policy related to environmental protection, environmental health and climate action.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phil Radford</span> American environmentalist

Philip David Radford is an American activist who served as the executive director of Greenpeace USA. He was the founder and President of Progressive Power Lab, an organization that incubates companies and non-profits that build capacity for progressive organizations, including a donor advisory organization Champion.us, the Progressive Multiplier Fund and Membership Drive. Radford is a co-founder of the Democracy Initiative, was founder and executive director of Power Shift, and is a board member of the Mertz Gilmore Foundation. He has a background in grassroots organizing, corporate social responsibility, climate change, and clean energy. He currently serves as the Chief Strategy officer at the Sierra Club.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Save the Arctic</span> Environmental campaign to protect the Arctic

Save the Arctic is a Greenpeace campaign to protect the Arctic, principally by preventing oil drilling and unsustainable industrial fishing in the area completely, surrounded by an Arctic-Environmental economics-Zone. The campaign, begun in 2012, calls for a sanctuary in the uninhabited high seas area around the North Pole, similar to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. The campaign aims to begin this process by prompting a United Nations resolution on protection for the Arctic. Due to Russian invasion in Ukraine, world's 13% oil reserves could be a melting point in the Arctic.

The Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) is a coalition of indigenous, grassroots environmental justice activists, primarily based in the United States. Group members have represented Native American concerns at international events such as the United Nations Climate Change conferences in Copenhagen (2009) and Paris (2016). IEN organizes an annual conference to discuss proposed goals and projects for the coming year; each year the conference is held in a different indigenous nation. The network emphasizes environmental protection as a form of spiritual activism. IEN received attention in the news as a major organizer of the fight against the Keystone Pipeline and the Dakota Access Pipeline in the Dakota Access Pipeline protests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tzeporah Berman</span>

Tzeporah Berman is a Canadian environmental activist, campaigner and writer. She is known for her role as one of the organizers of the logging blockades in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia in 1992–93.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Criticism of ExxonMobil</span> Overview of controversies and criticisms of ExxonMobil

As the world's largest majority investor-owned oil and gas corporation, ExxonMobil has received significant amounts of controversy and criticism, mostly due to its activities which increase the speed of climate change and its denial of global warming.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate movement</span> Nongovernmental organizations engaged in climate activism

The climate movement is a global social movement focused on pressuring governments and industry to take action addressing the causes and impacts of climate change. Environmental non-profit organizations have engaged in significant climate activism since the late 1980s and early 1990s, as they sought to influence the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Climate activism has become increasingly prominent over time, gaining significant momentum during the 2009 Copenhagen Summit and particularly following the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ExxonMobil climate change denial</span> Overview of climate-related ExxonMobil controversies

From the 1980s to mid 2000s, ExxonMobil was a leader in climate change denial, opposing regulations to curtail global warming. For example, ExxonMobil was a significant influence in preventing ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the United States. ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol and seeking to undermine public opinion about the scientific consensus that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Of the major oil corporations, ExxonMobil has been the most active in the debate surrounding climate change. According to a 2007 analysis by the Union of Concerned Scientists, the company used many of the same strategies, tactics, organizations, and personnel the tobacco industry used in its denials of the link between lung cancer and smoking.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate change litigation</span> Use of legal practice to further climate change mitigation

Climate change litigation, also known as climate litigation, is an emerging body of environmental law using legal practice to set case law precedent to further climate change mitigation efforts from public institutions, such as governments and companies. In the face of slow politics of climate change delaying climate change mitigation, activists and lawyers have increased efforts to use national and international judiciary systems to advance the effort. Climate litigation typically engages in one of five types of legal claims: Constitutional law, administrative law, private law (challenging corporations or other organizations for negligence, nuisance, etc., fraud or consumer protection, or human rights.

Melina Laboucan-Massimo is a climate justice and Indigenous rights advocate from the Lubicon Cree community of Little Buffalo in northern Alberta, Canada. Growing up with firsthand experience of the effects of oil and gas drilling on local communities, she began advocating for an end to resource extraction in Indigenous territories but shifted focus to supporting a renewable energy transition after a ruptured pipeline spilled approximately 4.5 million litres of oil near Little Buffalo in 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Executive Order 13990</span> Executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden

Executive Order 13990, officially titled Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis is an executive order signed by President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021, which implements various environmental policies of his administration including revoking the permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline and temporarily prohibiting drilling in the arctic refuge.

Engine No. 1 is an American activist and impact-focused investment firm. It attracted attention with its campaign to replace four members of ExxonMobil's board of directors despite owning only 0.02% of the company's shares. The firm describes its investment approach as "active ownership", as it prefers to work with management instead of launching activist campaigns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tara Houska</span> Tribal attorney and activist

Tara Houska Zhaabowekwe is a tribal attorney, land defender and climate justice activist.

Eriel Tchekwie Deranger is a Dënesųłiné indigenous rights activist and climate activist. She is executive director of Indigenous Climate Action.

References

  1. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2014-12-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ↑ "The origins of Greenpeace". Environmental history. 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  3. ↑ "Annual Reports & Financial Statements". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  4. ↑ "About". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  5. ↑ "Bloomberg Debuts With 'D+' in Greenpeace 2020 Climate Scorecard". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  6. ↑ "Greenpeace USA's new leader: 'You don't have to chain yourself to something'". The Guardian. 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
  7. ↑ Scheiber, Noam (2022-02-24). "A Top Labor Official Joins Greenpeace USA". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-04-25.
  8. 1 2 "Activists protest tanker as Russian oil imports flow into US ahead of ban". The Guardian. 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Environmental Leaders Stage Civil Disobedience Protest at White House". Earth Island Journal. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  10. ↑ "Greenpeace Sails No War Banner Past United Nations". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  11. ↑ Cummins, Chip (2003-02-25). "In War Protest, Greenpeace Raids Exxon Gas Stations". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  12. ↑ "Charity Navigator - Rating for Greenpeace Fund". www.charitynavigator.org. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  13. ↑ "Is Greenpeace Tax Deductible in 2022? Why They Can't Give You a Tax Receipt". 8 Billion Trees: Carbon Offset Projects & Ecological Footprint Calculators. 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  14. ↑ Klar, Rebecca (2022-04-21). "Climate groups say social media companies leave 'public in the dark' on misinformation policies". The Hill. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  15. ↑ "Annual Reports & Financial Statements". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  16. ↑ "Greenpeace Savannah to host event in support of Build Back Better Act". Savannah Business Journal. 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  17. ↑ Alaimo, Dan (18 February 2002). "Chain Letters Spell Out Campaign". Supermarket News. New York. p. 36. ProQuest   230720517.
  18. ↑ "Greenpeace Volunteer Platform". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  19. ↑ "How is Greenpeace structured?". Greenpeace International. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  20. ↑ Rex Weyler. "Greenpeace History, Chronology, the Founding of Greenpeace". rexweyler.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
  21. ↑ "Eugene Register-Guard - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  22. ↑ "$(TEXT OMITTED FROM SOURCE$) The list goes on: A..." UPI. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  23. ↑ "(8/28/97) It's Not Easy Being Green(Peace)". www.albionmonitor.com. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  24. 1 2 "Eugene Register-Guard - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  25. ↑ Tom Bell (2012-06-01). "Hinck's Greenpeace experience started his path to US Senate campaign". Press Herald. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  26. ↑ "Greenpeace USA co-founder will speak Friday". Portsmouth Herald. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  27. ↑ "The Spokesman-Review - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  28. ↑ "Ellensburg Daily Record - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  29. ↑ "Ellensburg Daily Record - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  30. ↑ "The Leader-Post - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  31. ↑ "Stop Ocean Dumping - radioactive - reports". 2011-09-01. Archived from the original on 2011-09-01. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  32. ↑ "Exit Interview: Phil Radford, Greenpeace | Greenbiz". www.greenbiz.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  33. 1 2 "Greenpeace USA's new leader: 'You don't have to chain yourself to something'". The Guardian. 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  34. ↑ Schwartz, Ariel (2014-05-06). "The Story Of Stuff's Annie Leonard Talks About Her New Role As Greenpeace's Executive Director". Fast Company. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  35. ↑ "Greenpeace USA's First Black Executive Director: Get 'Folks Like Me' Engaged on Climate". Global Citizen. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  36. ↑ "Ebony Twilley Martin Makes History As Greenpeace's First Black Executive Director". Black Enterprise. 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  37. ↑ Scheiber, Noam (2022-02-24). "A Top Labor Official Joins Greenpeace USA". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  38. ↑ Frazin, Rachel (2020-01-27). "Sanders scores highest on green group's voter guide". The Hill. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  39. ↑ "Sanders Leads Top 2020 Contenders on Greenpeace Climate Scorecard While Biden Places Dead Last". Common Dreams. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  40. ↑ "Shining light on Obamas tar sands pipeline decision". Greenpeace USA. 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  41. ↑ "Greenpeace Applauds Biden's Biggest Climate Move Yet — Reclaiming Public Lands and Waters for the People". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  42. ↑ "Greenpeace's Progress Report for Biden After First 100 Days: More Work to Do". Common Dreams. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  43. ↑ "U.S. court dismisses Energy Transfer Partners lawsuit against Greenpeace". Reuters. 2019-02-15. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  44. ↑ Dwyer, Colin (2017-08-22). "Dakota Access Pipeline Owner Sues Greenpeace For 'Criminal Activity'". NPR. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  45. ↑ "'They're billin' us for killin' us': activists fight Dakota pipeline's final stretch". The Guardian. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  46. ↑ Cama, Timothy (2019-02-15). "Court dismisses Dakota Access company's lawsuit against greens". The Hill. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  47. ↑ Brown, Alleen; Parrish, Will; Speri, Alice (November 15, 2017). "Dakota Access Pipeline Company Paid Mercenaries to Build Conspiracy Lawsuit Against Environmentalists". The Intercept. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  48. ↑ "Activists hang from bridge in Portland to block Shell's Arctic vessel". The Guardian. 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  49. ↑ Adams, Christopher (2015-09-28). "Shell abandons contentious Arctic exploration after poor results". Financial Times. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  50. ↑ Schnell, Mychael (2021-09-28). "Protesters demonstrate outside Manchin's houseboat over opposition to reconciliation package". The Hill. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  51. ↑ Young, Angi Kerns and Loretta (2021-10-13). "We kayaked to Joe Manchin's yacht, and we'd do it again | Angi Kerns and Loretta Young". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  52. ↑ Kate Sheppard (2009-04-15). "Greenpeace's new leader talks up need for a green grassroots". Grist.org.
  53. ↑ "An Exxon lobbyist thought he was in a job interview. Instead, it was a secretly recorded Zoom call". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  54. ↑ Brady, Jeff (2021-07-01). "Exxon Lobbyist Caught On Video Talking About Undermining Biden's Climate Push". NPR. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  55. ↑ Schwartz, John (2015-12-09). "Greenpeace Subterfuge Tests Climate Research". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  56. ↑ "Activists Get Probation for 'Star Wars' Protest". Los Angeles Times. 2002-01-19. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  57. ↑ "15 Face Felonies In Missile Protest". The Washington Post. 2001-08-19. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  58. ↑ Malo, Sebastien (2021-09-22). "Judge tosses Greenpeace suit over Walmart recyclable labeling". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  59. ↑ "Court dismisses Greenpeace lawsuit against Walmart". Recycling Today. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  60. 1 2 lizzyr (2021-03-02). "Which Grocery Stores Use the Most Plastic, According to Greenpeace". Green Matters. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  61. ↑ "Costco, Whole Foods rise in Greenpeace rankings of grocery chains' plastic use". The Seattle Times. 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  62. ↑ Wiener-Bronner, Danielle; Business, C. N. N. (2019-07-30). "Coke and Pepsi abandon the plastics lobby". KABC-AM. Retrieved 2022-04-29.{{cite web}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  63. ↑ "Mattel Bows to Greenpeace Protest Pressure About Packaging, Sort Of". LAist. 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  64. ↑ "Greenpeace stages protest at Mattel office over Barbie packaging". Los Angeles Times. 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
  65. ↑ "Kimberly-Clark and Greenpeace – Sorting the good from the trees | Reuters Events | Sustainable Business". www.reutersevents.com. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  66. ↑ "Kimberly-Clark joins Greenpeace to protect forests". Reuters. 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  67. ↑ Stecklow, Steve (2006-03-21). "Did a Group Financed by Exxon Prompt IRS to Audit Greenpeace?". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  68. ↑ "Americans Who Tell The Truth, Models of Courageous Citizenship" . Retrieved 2013-11-09.
  69. ↑ "About". Peter Bahouth. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  70. ↑ "Kristen Engberg, Principal". Grassroots Solutions. Archived from the original on 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  71. ↑ "John Passacantando". Greenpeace USA. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  72. ↑ "Meet Philip Radford, Executive Director of Greenpeace". How Stuff Works. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  73. 1 2 "Greenpeace USA Announces New Leader: Annie Leonard, Creator of "Story of Stuff" Video and Project". www.greenpeace.org. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  74. ↑ "Meet Ebony Twilley Martin, Greenpeace's New Co-Executive Director". Greenpeace USA. 9 September 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.