The Russia–Ukraine gas disputes refer to a number of disputes between Ukrainian oil and gas company Naftogaz Ukrayiny and Russian gas supplier Gazprom over natural gas supplies, prices, and debts. These disputes have grown beyond simple business disputes into transnational political issues—involving political leaders from several countries—that threaten natural gas supplies in numerous European countries dependent on natural gas imports from Russian suppliers, which are transported through Ukraine. Russia provides approximately a quarter of the natural gas consumed in the European Union; approximately 80% of those exports travel through pipelines across Ukrainian soil prior to arriving in the EU.
RosUkrEnergo is a Swiss-registered venture company that transports natural gas from Turkmenistan to East European countries. 50% of the company is owned by Gazprom, through its subsidiary Swiss-registered Rosgas Holding A.G., and another 50% by Swiss-registered private company Centragas Holding A.G., acting on behalf of a consortium of GDF Group owned by Dmytro Firtash and Ivan Fursin.
Tata Chemicals Limited is an Indian multinational corporation with interests in chemicals, crop protection and specialty chemistry products. The company is headquartered in Mumbai and has operations across India, Europe, North America and Africa. Tata Chemicals is a part of the Tata Group and its shares are traded on the NSE and BSE. Tata Chemicals has a publicly listed subsidiary called Rallis India.
The Ukrainian News Agency is a Kyiv-based Ukrainian news agency. It produces and provides political, business and financial information, as well as a popular photo reporting service. Since February 2008 the company is part of the Inter Media Group Ltd., formerly U.A. Inter Media Group, which itself is a subsidiary of the Russian-based company GDF Media Ltd. Inter Media Group Limited also owns 61% of the Ukrainian TV channel Inter.
SIBUR is a Russian petrochemicals company founded in 1995 and headquartered in Moscow.
Dmytro Vasylovych Firtash is a Ukrainian businessman who heads the board of directors of Group DF. He was highly influential during the Yushchenko administration and the Yanukovych administration. As a middleman for the Russian natural gas giant Gazprom and with connections to the Kremlin, Firtash funneled money into the campaigns of pro-Russian politicians in Ukraine. Firtash obtained his position with the agreement of Russian president Vladimir Putin and, according to Firtash, Russian organized crime boss Semion Mogilevich.
Azot, also known as Cherkaskyi Azot after Cherkasy, the location of its chemical plant, is one of the biggest manufacturers of nitrogen fertilizers in Ukraine. Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash's chemical-industry holding corporation, Ostchem Holding, manages the company as well as several other fertilizer manufacturers in Ukraine and other post-Soviet states.
Activ Solar GmbH, headquartered in Vienna, Austria, was a developer of solar energy. It was engaged in the production of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) for the solar PV industry and the development of large-scale photovoltaic power stations in Ukraine. In February 2016, it filed for insolvency.
Alexander Rovt is an American billionaire businessman and real estate investor who made his fortune in the trade and manufacture of fertilizer in the former Soviet Union. He identifies as Carpathian.
An industrial chemical accident occurred on 6 August 2013 at the private limited company Concern Stirol JSC, part of Ostchem Holding AG, in the city of Horlivka, Ukraine. Ammonia was released in the air and five people were killed and 23 people were injured from exposure to the gas. Of these, 22 people were hospitalized burns and poisoning.
Chornomornaftogaz is an oil and gas company located along Krymgazseti in Simferopol, Crimea. The company was established with the order of the Ministry of Gas Industry of the USSR on 20 October 1978 №209-org to develop oil and gas resources in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia, comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula, but excluding Sevastopol. Its territory corresponds to the pre-2023 territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a de jure subdivision of Ukraine. Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized.
Dmitry Arkadievich Mazepin is a Belarusian-Russian oligarch businessman. He is the former owner and former CEO of Uralchem. As of March 2022, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Dmitry Mazepin has been sanctioned by the European Union and the United Kingdom.
Mykola Andriyovych Yankovsky is a former Ukrainian businessman who has influenced Ukraine’s chemical production landscape and made it environmentally friendly. Candidate of Economic Sciences (1998), Professor, Head of the Department of Advanced Technologies in Management of Donetsk State Academy of Management ; Academician of AINU (1992), AENU (1995). Member of the Academy of Russian Entrepreneurs (1997). Professor Emeritus of the Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology. Hero of Ukraine.
Ostchem Holding is a holding company that unites a group of chemical factories and supporting companies. In its turn Ostchem is a part of bigger Group DF that unites several separate enterprises and other holding companies and is owned by Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash.
Crimea TITAN is the largest manufacturer of titanium dioxide pigment in Eastern Europe. It is located in Armyansk, Crimea.
Oleg Bakhmatyuk is a Ukrainian entrepreneur, former billionaire, and politician. He is the owner of the agricultural vertical integrated company UkrLandFarming, and one of the largest egg producers in both Europe and Asia.
Nitrofert AS is a manufacturer of fertilizers based in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. It is a subsidiary of Ostchem Holding, owned by Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash.
Belneftekhim is an association of petrochemical companies in Belarus, subordinated to the Council of Ministers. It manages these companies and regulates several aspects of the petrochemical sector, including setting retail prices for gasoline.
Sievierodonetsk Association "Azot" is a chemical producer based in Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It is the third largest producer of ammonia in the country and one of the largest in Europe; producing nitrogen fertilizers, methanol, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, and their derivatives; acetylene, formalin, catalysts, household chemicals, and other chemical products. The successor of the Lysychansk Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant built in 1934, "Azot" produced its first output of ammonium nitrate on 1 January 1951. Sometime after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the chemical plant was acquired by Ostchem Holding, part of Group DF run by Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtash.
