HDMS Prinds Christian Frederik is in the middle. (Motif from the Battle of Zealand Point) | |
History | |
---|---|
Denmark-Norway | |
Name | HMS Prinds Christian Frederik |
Namesake | Prince Christian Frederick |
Builder | Hohlenberg, Orlogsværftet, Nyholm, Copenhagen |
Launched | 6 October 1804 |
In service | 1806 |
Out of service | 21 March 1808 |
Fate | Captured by Royal Navy |
History | |
United Kingdom | |
Acquired | 21 March 1808 |
Fate | Sunk in Action 23 March 1808 in the Battle of Zealand Point |
General characteristics [1] | |
Class and type | 74-gun third-rate ship of the line |
Tons burthen | 2.345 (bm) |
Length | 53.6 m (176 ft) |
Beam | 13.9 m (46 ft) |
Depth of hold | 6.35 m (20.8 ft) |
Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
Crew | until 628 |
Armament |
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HDMS Prinds Christian Frederik was a ship of the line in the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy.
The ship was built at Orlogsværftet on the islet of Nyholm off Copenhagen. It was designed by Frantz Hohlenberg. 1,600 oak trees were used in the construction of the ship. [2] It was launched on 6 October 1804. [1] [3] [4] [Note 1] The construction cost was approximately 12,000 rigsdaler. [5]
In 1806 and parts of the following year, the ship operated as a training vessel in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.
In the second half of 1807 the HDMS Prinds Christian Frederik was patrolling in Danish-Norwegian waters alongside the ship of the line HDMS Lovise Augusta. On September 18, a British naval force attacked the Eastern Port of Kristiansand where one of the intentions was to embark and capture the HDMS Prinds Christian Fredrik that was anchored there. After massive firefighting from the Christiansholm Fortress, the attack was reversed. [6]
At the beginning of 1808, HDMS Prinds Christian Frederik was in Norway to carry supplies to the Royal Dano-Norwegian Army. Despite illness aboard, and with a large part of the crew newly replaced, the ship was ordered in March to protect the transfer of troops over the Great Belt (Storebælt). [7]
On March 21, the ship was captured by a major British naval force during the Battle of Zealand Point, where she suffered 64 killed and 126 wounded in action; during the battle, she ran aground.
On March 23, the captured HMS Prinds Christian Frederik remained firmly aground despite British efforts to refloat it. After they had removed all the dead and wounded aboard the ship, the British decided to set fire to the immobile hulk instead upon realizing they were unable to move it. It blew up when the fire reached the ship's powder magazine, destroying the last Danish-Norwegian ship of the line in the Napoleonic Wars. [1] [3]
The anchor was for many years placed outside Stenstrup Museum. It was in 2002 moved to a new location in front of Annebjerggård. In 2021, it was moved to a barn where it will be restored. The anchor, a canon and a number of other artefacts from the ship will later be part of a new display about the Battle of Zealand in Odsherred Museum. [2]
A model of this ship hangs in Odden Church, near the scene of the Battle of Zealand Point.
On 10 February 2023, Odsherred Museum will open a special exhibition about Willemoes and the Wreck. [8] [9]
The Gunboat War was a naval conflict between Denmark–Norway and the British during the Napoleonic Wars. The war's name is derived from the Danish tactic of employing small gunboats against the materially superior Royal Navy. In Scandinavia it is seen as the later stage of the English Wars, whose commencement is accounted as the First Battle of Copenhagen in 1801.
The naval Battle of Dynekilen took place on 8 July 1716 during the Great Northern War between a Dano-Norwegian fleet under Peter Tordenskjold and a Swedish fleet under Olof Strömstierna. The battle resulted in a Dano-Norwegian victory.
The Battle of Zealand Point was a naval battle of the English Wars and the Gunboat War. Ships of the Danish and British navies fought off Zealand Point on 22 March 1808; the battle was a British victory. Peter Willemoes was among the Danish casualties,
Niels Juel was a Danish admiral and a naval hero. He served as supreme command of the Dano-Norwegian Navy during the late 17th century and oversaw development of the Danish-Norwegian Navy.
Holsteen was a 60-gun ship of the line in the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy. She was commissioned in 1775 and the British Royal Navy captured her in the Battle at Copenhagen Roads on 2 April 1801. The British renamed the ship HMS Holstein, and later HMS Nassau. She participated in one major battle during the Gunboat War and was sold in 1814.
The history of the Danish navy began with the founding of a joint Dano-Norwegian navy on 10 August 1510, when King John appointed his vassal Henrik Krummedige to become "chief captain and head of all our captains, men and servants whom we now have appointed and ordered to be at sea".
Peter Willemoes was a Danish naval officer. He fell in the Battle of Zealand Point. He is commemorated by a statue on the harbourfront in his native town of Assens.
Christiansholm Fortress was a Norwegian fortress built to defend the city of Kristiansand.
Sjællands Odde is a 15-kilometre-long (9.3 mi) peninsula on the northwest coast of Zealand between the Kattegat and Sejerø Bay. From the outermost point of the peninsula, Gniben, a reef juts some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) out into the Kattegat.
Carl Wilhelm Jessen was a Danish naval officer and Governor of St Thomas in the Danish West Indies.
Christian Ferdinand Andreas Mølsted was a Danish artist who specialized in marine painting. He is best known for his painting of the frigate Niels Juel during the Battle of Heligoland on 9 May 1864.
Events from the year 1804 in Denmark.
Hans Peter Holm was a Danish naval officer who commanded vessels of the Dano-Norwegian Navy in several actions. He commanded several naval vessels during the Gunboat War. His most important action occurred in 1812 at the Battle of Lyngør when a British squadron, led by the British ship-of-the-line HMS Dictator, destroyed his vessel, HDMS Najaden. Holm sustained wounds in the battle but survived, only to drown in an accident shortly afterwards.
Evert Andersen was a Norwegian sea captain who fought in the Gunboat War against Great Britain and Sweden 1807–09.
HDMS Elephanten was a ship of the line of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy that served from 1703 to 1728. There were three other Danish ships-of-the line of the same name, dating from 1684, 1741 and 1773. The ship was sometimes referred to as Nye Elefant to differentiate from others of similar name. For much of her service career, which coincided with the Great Northern War, Elephanten was the flagship of the Danish fleet active in the Baltic Sea.
Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy order of battle in Norway in 1808
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HDMS Printz Friderich was a ship-of-the-line launched in 1764, to a design by Frederik Michael Krabbe, a naval officer and leading ship designer of that period. Two other ships — Norske Løve and Øresund — were constructed to the same design. Little is known of her service history beyond that she received a new keel in 1775. She was lost in 1780. Her wreck was rediscovered in 2018 by Kim Schmidt/Undervandsgruppen
HDMS Grønland (Greenland) was a ship of the line of the Dano-Norwegian Navy, built in 1756 and decommissioned in 1791. Grønland spent considerable time in the Mediterranean Sea, where she protected Danish merchant convoys. Grønland took part in the bombardment of Algiers in 1770 but otherwise did not see any action in battle. It is noted in the Danish Admiralty's papers that she was an unusually seaworthy ship.
Frantz Christopher Henrik Hohlenberg was a Danish naval officer who specialised in ship design and had little seagoing experience. He succeeded [[Ernst Wilhelm Stibolt}} as Master Shipbuilder (fabriksmester) at the Royal Danish Dockyards in 1796. His ships included five ships of the line and 18 frigates. Three of the ships of the line and nine of the frigates were captured at the 1807 Battle of Copenhagen and subsequently added to the Royal Navy. He resigned after a controversy in 1803.
Orlogsskibet Prinds Christian Frederik, Dr. med. Helge Andersen, Nyboder Boghandel, 1993