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PSR B1620−26 b is an exoplanet located approximately 12,400 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. It bears the unofficial nicknames "Methuselah" and "the Genesis planet" due to its extreme age. The planet is in a circumbinary orbit around the two stars of PSR B1620−26 and is the first circumbinary planet ever confirmed. It is also the first planet found in a globular cluster. The planet is one of the oldest known extrasolar planets, believed to be about 12.7 billion years old.
16 Cygni or 16 Cyg is the Flamsteed designation of a triple star system approximately 69 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. It consists of two Sun-like yellow dwarf stars, 16 Cygni A and 16 Cygni B, together with a red dwarf, 16 Cygni C. In 1996 an extrasolar planet was discovered in an eccentric orbit around 16 Cygni B.
54 Piscium is an orange dwarf star approximately 36 light-years away in the constellation of Pisces. In 2003, an extrasolar planet was confirmed to be orbiting the star, and in 2006, a brown dwarf was also discovered orbiting it.
16 Cygni Bb or HD 186427 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 69 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus. The planet was discovered orbiting the Sun-like star 16 Cygni B, one of two solar-mass (M☉) components of the triple star system 16 Cygni in 1996. It orbits its star once every 799 days and was the first eccentric Jupiter and planet in a double star system to be discovered. The planet is abundant in lithium.
54 Piscium b, occasionally catalogued as 54 Piscium Ab to differentiate from the brown dwarf in the system, is an extrasolar planet approximately 36 light-years away in the constellation of Pisces. It was discovered orbiting the orange dwarf star 54 Piscium. Its minimum mass is one-fifth that of Jupiter, and it orbits the star in a very eccentric orbit about every two months.
Gliese 777 b, also known as Gliese 777 Ab or HD 190360 b, is an extrasolar planet approximately 52 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus. The planet was discovered orbiting the primary star of the Gliese 777 system in June 2002 using the radial velocity method. The planet is at least one half more massive than Jupiter but roughly the same size as Jupiter. In 2021, the inclination of Gliese 777 Ab was measured via astrometry, allowing the true mass of 1.8 MJ to be determined.
HD 4113 is a dual star system in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.88. The distance to this star, as estimated by parallax measurements, is 137 light years. It is receding away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +5 km/s.
HD 156846 is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus, positioned a degree SSE of Messier 9. It has a yellow hue and is just barely bright enough to be visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.5. The system is located at a distance of 156 light years from the Sun based on parallax. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −68.5 km/s, and is predicted to come to within 85.0 light-years in about 476,000 years.
HD 92788 is a star in the equatorial constellation of Sextans. It has a yellow hue but is too dim to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.31. The star is located at a distance of 113 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −4.5 km/s. Two planets have been found in orbit around the star.
HD 162020 is a star in the southern constellation of Scorpius with a likely red dwarf companion. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 9.10, which is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. The distance to this system is 102 light-years based on stellar parallax. It is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −27 km/s, and is predicted to come to within ~18 light-years in 1.1 million years.
This page describes exoplanet orbital and physical parameters.
HD 4113 A b is a jovian planet located approximately 137 light-years away in the constellation of Sculptor, orbiting a star in the binary system HD 4113 A. This planet has a very eccentric orbit with a 527-day period at 1.28 AU from the parent star. At periastron, the distance is 0.124 AU and at apastron, the distance is 2.44 AU.
HD 23127 b is a jovian extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 23127 at the distance of 2.29 AU, taking 3.32 years to orbit. The orbit is very eccentric, a so-called "eccentric Jupiter". At periastron, the distance is 1.28 AU, and at apastron, the distance is 3.30 AU. The mass is at least 1.37 times Jupiter. Only the minimum mass is known because the inclination is not known.
HD 210277 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 210277. It was discovered in September 1998 by the California and Carnegie Planet Search team using the highly successful radial velocity method. The planet is at least 24% more massive than Jupiter. The mean distance of the planet from the star is slightly more than Earth's distance from the Sun. However, the orbit is very eccentric, so at periastron this distance is almost halved, and at apastron it is as distant as Mars is from the Sun.
HD 114729 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 114 light years away in the constellation of Centaurus. This planet is probably slightly less massive than Jupiter. It is an "eccentric Jupiter" meaning that it does not orbit very near the star like the famous 51 Pegasi b but further out and its orbit is very oval-shaped. The mean distance from the star is 2.11 AU, about twice the Earth's distance from the Sun. At periastron, the planet is only 1.43 AU from the star, and at apoastron, the orbital distance is 2.72 AU.
HD 154672 b is an extrasolar planet located approximately 210 light-years away in the constellation of Ara, orbiting the metal-rich and aged star HD 154672. This planet has a minimum mass five times that of Jupiter and orbits at about 60% the distance between the Earth to the Sun. Its orbit is very elliptical, which causes temperatures on the planet to vary significantly as it proceeds along its orbit. This planet was discovered in Las Campanas Observatory on September 5, 2008 using the radial velocity method. Along with HD 205739 b, the planets were the first to be discovered by the N2K Consortium using the Magellan Telescopes.
HD 139357 b is a very massive extrasolar planet or brown dwarf located approximately 390 light years away, orbiting the 6th magnitude K-type giant star HD 139357 in the constellation of Draco. The detection occurred on March 20, 2009, which was the first day of spring.
HD 28254 is a binary star system located 180 light-years away in the constellation Dorado. The primary component is an 8th magnitude G-type main-sequence star. This star is larger, cooler, brighter, and more massive than the Sun, and its metal content is 2.3 times as much as the Sun. In 2009, a gas giant exoplanet was found in orbit around the star.
HD 10180, also designated 2MASS J01375356-6030414, is a Sun-like star in the southern constellation Hydrus that is notable for its large planetary system. Since its discovery, at least six exoplanets have been observed orbiting it, and some studies have proposed up to nine potential planets, which would make it potentially the largest of all known planetary systems, including the Solar System.
An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 December 2023, there are 5,550 confirmed exoplanets in 4,089 planetary systems, with 887 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.
References
- ↑ Tamuz, O.; et al. (2008). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets XV. Discovery of two eccentric planets orbiting HD 4113 and HD 156846". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 480 (3): L33–L36. arXiv: 0710.5028 . Bibcode:2008A&A...480L..33T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078737. S2CID 11350536.
