Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGN1 gene. [5] [6] [7]
Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGN1 gene. [5] [6] [7]
Chromosomal protein HMG14 and its close analog HMG17 (MIM 163910) bind to the inner side of the nucleosomal DNA, potentially altering the interaction between the DNA and the histone octamer. The 2 proteins may be involved in the process that maintains transcribable genes in a unique chromatin conformation. [8] Their ubiquitous distribution and relative abundance, as well as the high evolutionary conservation of the DNA-binding domain of the HMG14 family of proteins, suggest that they may be involved in an important cellular function. [7]
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division, preventing DNA damage, and regulating gene expression and DNA replication. During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin facilitates proper segregation of the chromosomes in anaphase; the characteristic shapes of chromosomes visible during this stage are the result of DNA being coiled into highly condensed chromatin.
HMGN proteins are members of the broader class of high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins that are involved in regulation of transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair.
Histone H1 is one of the five main histone protein families which are components of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Though highly conserved, it is nevertheless the most variable histone in sequence across species.
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, and kinases, and 2) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes. Besides actively regulating gene expression, dynamic remodeling of chromatin imparts an epigenetic regulatory role in several key biological processes, egg cells DNA replication and repair; apoptosis; chromosome segregation as well as development and pluripotency. Aberrations in chromatin remodeling proteins are found to be associated with human diseases, including cancer. Targeting chromatin remodeling pathways is currently evolving as a major therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several cancers.
High-mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGA1 gene.
Histone H3.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H3F3A and H3F3B genes. It plays an essential role in maintaining genome integrity during mammalian development.
Histone H3.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H3C2 gene.
FACT complex subunit SSRP1 also known as structure specific recognition protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSRP1 gene.
High-mobility group protein B2 also known as high-mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB2 gene.
Core histone macro-H2A.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFY gene.
Histone H2B type 3-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST3H2BB gene.
Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGN2 gene.
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KA4 gene.
High mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGN3 gene.
High mobility group protein HMG14 and HMG17 also known as nucleosomal binding domain is a family of evolutionarily related proteins.
High mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 4 is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the HMGN4 gene.
Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (HNF-3B), is a transcription factor that plays an important role during development, in mature tissues and, when dysregulated or mutated, also in cancer.
H2A histone family, member B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFB3 gene.
H2B histone family, member W, testis-specific is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2BFWT gene.
Histone cluster 1, H4j is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H4J gene.
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