HTC One M9

Last updated
HTC One M9
HTC One M9 Logo.png
HTC One M9.png
Manufacturer HTC
Type Smartphone
Series HTC One series
First releasedApril 10, 2015;9 years ago (2015-04-10)
Predecessor HTC One (M8)
Successor HTC 10
Related HTC One M9+
Form factor Slate
Dimensions144.6 mm (5.69 in) H
69.7 mm (2.74 in) W
9.61 mm (0.378 in) D [1]
Weight157 g (5.5 oz) [1]
Operating system Original: Android 5.0.2 Lollipop
Current: Android 7.0 Nougat
Unofficial: Android 11 via LineageOS
System-on-chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 810
CPU Quad-core ARM Cortex A57 and quad-core A53 (64-bit support)
GPU Adreno 430
Memory3 GB LPDDR4 RAM
Storage32 GB
Removable storage microSD up to 2 TB
Battery2,840 mAh Li-Po
Rear camera20-megapixel camera, Auto Focus, Toshiba T4AK7 BSI CMOS Sensor, Dual-LED dual tone flash, f/2.2 aperture, 27.8 mm lens [2]
Front camera 4-megapixel UltraPixel camera, f/2.0 aperture
Display5.0 in (130 mm) Super LCD 3 with RGB matrix
1920 x 1080 pixels (16:9 Aspect ratio) (441 ppi)
Corning Gorilla Glass 4.0
Glove mode option for high touch sensitivity [3]
Data inputs
List
ModelM9
CodenameHima
Website www.htc.com/us/smartphones/htc-one-m9/

The HTC One M9 was an Android smartphone manufactured and marketed by HTC. The M9 was officially unveiled in a press conference at Mobile World Congress on March 1, 2015, and it was released worldwide on April 10, 2015. It is the successor to HTC One (M8).

Contents

Specifications

Exterior

The design of the M9 is similar to its predecessor, except that it is slightly narrower and thicker. [4] The device has IPX3-level protection against spraying water. The HTC pro case, available separately, offers IP68-level water and dust protection, and a shockproof rating for up to a two-meter drop. [5]

Chipsets

The phone features an octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 810 system-on-chip with 3 GB of RAM, a 5-inch 1080p display, and 32 GB of internal storage (nearly 9 GB is reserved for the operating system). [6] Storage can be expanded with a Micro SD card up to 2 TB. [7]

Cameras

The UltraPixel image sensor (which had larger pixels in its sensor, but sacrificed megapixel size for enhanced low-light capabilities) [8] was moved to the front-facing camera, with the rear-facing camera now using a more traditional 20 megapixel sensor, supporting 4K (2160p) video recording. The M8's depth sensor was also dropped. [4] [6]

2160p videos are limited to six minutes per recording, after which the recording must be restarted. [9]

Speakers

Speakers have been a prominent feature of the HTC One M series since the M7.

M9's front-facing "BoomSound" stereo speakers use Dolby Audio tuning. [6]

Video

The phone can redirect the screen to a screen with an HDMI type A connector by using its micro-USB 2.0 (MHL 2 TV-out) to HDMI.

Miscellaneous

The built-in infrared (IR) sensor can make the device a remote control for other infrared-enabled gadgets. [5] [10]

Software

The M9 runs Android Lollipop with HTC's Sense 7 user interface and software suite. [6] HTC updated the M9 to Android Marshmallow following its release, [11] and subsequently updated the device to Android Nougat in December 2016. [12]

Reception

Pre-release

Vlad Savov from The Verge described the M9 as "the world’s most beautiful disappointment," noting that it was merely an evolution of the M8 with limited design changes, and that its rear/primary camera was of low quality, concluding that "remixing the past is not a sign of innovation, and neither is the addition of a fast new processor just because it’s fast and new, or multiplying the megapixels of a camera that’s still not good enough." [13]

Due to HTC releasing a last-minute software update, Joshue Ho of AnandTech reviewed the phone in two parts. In the first part, he tested battery life, stating "the M9 posts a result that is a concerning regression from the M8" and that "battery life regresses around 18% when the battery is now 9% bigger." [14] He also noted temperature concerns during web browsing, stating "the M9 start to get warm in the hands, with skin temperatures of around 30 to 40 degrees Celsius, which is a bit concerning as I don’t recall the same being true for the M8." [14] Additionally, the phone supports Qualcomm's Quick Charge 2.0, however, "the charger in the box is a rather conventional 5V, 1.5A adapter which doesn’t take advantage of Qualcomm’s QC 2.0 spec." [14] On battery life, he concluded that "the One M9 is simply less mobile than the One M8 in a significant way, which is disappointing to say the least." [14] On the display, he wrote that "the display has worse viewing angles than the M7 and M8." As far as color accuracy, he wrote that "on...grayscale calibration, we can see a dramatic reduction in accuracy when compared to the M7 and M8." [15] He concluded that "it would be difficult to use the M9 in any case where color accuracy is needed" [15] and that "the lack of improvement or regression in every other metric suggests that HTC has gone backwards in display quality." [16] He also observed heavy thermal throttling of the new Snapdragon 810 SOC, stating that "it’s basically impossible to get the A57 cluster beyond 1.5 to 1.6 GHz" and that "a single thread will eventually cause the A57 cluster to clock around 1 to 1.2 GHz." [17]

Post-release

For the second part of the AnandTech review, Ho further evaluates battery life and performance, stating that "simple logging shows that past the first 20 minutes the A57 cluster is either shut down or throttled to the minimum clock state" [18] and that "the level of throttling I’ve seen here is pretty much unprecedented, which doesn’t help with the issue. Overall, the performance of Snapdragon 810 here is bad enough that I would genuinely consider Snapdragon 805 to be an improvement." [18] He evaluated the speed of the camera, stating that "the camera preview has a relatively low frame rate and resolution" and that "the One M9 has a pretty stunning regression in autofocus speed and overall capture latency when compared to the One M8." [19] On daylight photo quality, he states that "HTC needs to strongly reduce the noise reduction that they're using here, as there's almost no detail in these photos" and on night photo quality he states that "the One M9 performs horribly. There's really not much else to be said because there's next to no detail in these photos." [20] As for video recording, he found that "the One M9 still has a noticeable lack of detail and there are a lot of problems with camera shake that aren't dampened out. It almost looks like HTC doesn't have any kind of stabilization for video here, which is rather disappointing." [20] He concluded his review, by stating that "the One M9 is effectively a side-grade of the One M8 at best" and that "given that the One M8 is at least 200 dollars cheaper than the One M9 on contract, I find it incredibly difficult to recommend the One M9." [21]

Engadget noted that the M9's speakers showed regressions over the M8, arguing that "the M8 usually did a better job of reproducing classic tunes than its successor. Most times, the M8 was a touch louder and shined a little more light on the primary vocal track in the mix; meanwhile, the M9 projected a soundscape that drew me in a little more thanks to cleaner channel separation, but seemed softer in comparison." [22] Similarly, the M9's camera was also found to have inconsistent performance over the M8, explaining that "sometimes the M9 comes through with crisper details; other times the M8 seems to do a better job. Sometimes the M9 has richer, more accurately exposed colors; sometimes it doesn't." [22] In a battery test in which a video was looped non-stop at a brightness level of 50%, the M9's result of eight hours and nineteen minutes fell in between the results of the 2013 and 2014 models. [22]

Ron Amadeo reviewed the One M9 for Ars Technica . He opened by stating that "[t]he Snapdragon 810 SoC—meant to give the M9 a speed boost over the M8—has been throttled so much that the M9 is at best equal to the M8, and in some cases slower." [23] He also noticed heavy thermal throttling, commenting that "[t]he 810 in the M9 was slated to run at 2GHz, but it almost never runs at that speed. It seems to be capped at 1.6 GHz." [23] The only advantage that the M9's Snapdragon 810 SoC had over the M8's Snapdragon 801 SoC was in gaming. [23] As far as temperature, he wrote that "the rumors of the 810s heat issues seem based in reality" and that "HTC is butting right up against the acceptable heat level." [23] After testing the battery, he stated that "the battery life is poor. It only lasted six hours and 15 minutes in our test." [23] He concluded that "this phone stands no chance against the tougher-than-ever competition." [23] As one of the first phones released in 2015 to use the Snapdragon 810, Ars Technica noted that HTC was the least prepared of the OEMs in coping with the Snapdragon 810's overheating issues when using the initial release of that chip, missing out on later revisions of the 810 that somewhat addressed those problems. [24]

The M9's photo quality was rated as mediocre, which several reviewers considered as a serious flaw due to "how fundamental the camera is to the iPhone’s popularity, and any other company wishing to have a successful smartphone must start with a strong imaging foundation." [25] Ars Technica's Amadeo criticized the M9's rear-facing (primary) camera for the inconsistent quality of its images compared to 2014-15 rival smartphones. The M9's rear camera module has a narrower aperture than the M7 and M8, while also lacking optical image stabilization (OIS) that was found in preceding HTC One (M7) (OIS was removed for the M8 due to the Duo Camera feature). The M9's rear camera image sensor also has smaller pixels which sacrificed enhanced low-light capabilities for a higher megapixel count, compared to the M7 and M8's UltraPixel's larger sensor size and lower megapixel count. [26] The M9's secondary/front camera for selfies with its UltraPixel sensor did perform well for its intended purpose. [24]

David Ruddock reviewed the phone for Android Police. He examined the display and concluded that while the One M9 had decent color reproduction, good brightness, and satisfactory viewing angles, it was clear that competitors like Samsung and Apple had surpassed HTC in this area. [27] He found the battery life to be disappointingly mediocre, noting that it was a step back from the M8. [27] He moved on to the rear/primary camera, describing it as "a bit of a mess on the One M9." [27] He found that "the focus never, ever seems right" and that "there is going to be brutal processing noise and artifacting in anything but daylight." [27] The camera launch time also regressed; "The launch time for the camera is also lamentable, at anywhere from 1-4 seconds depending on how the phone is feeling, I guess." [27] In conclusion, he described the camera as the most mediocre seen on a high-end smartphone in the past year, lacking any real redeeming qualities, and unable to compete with the flagship phones of 2014. [27] He also found evidence of thermal throttling, stating that "its high-speed A57 quad-core cluster, you'll never see it get over 1.5-1.6GHz in regular usage for more than sub-second bursts." [27] As for overall performance, he found that "it's not really even appreciable quicker than the One M8, and in some cases, I actually noticed it to be slower." [27] He concluded that "[t]he M9 brings nothing truly compelling to the table that the M7 and M8 before it did not." [27]

HTC One M9s

The M9s model is similar to the One M9, although the M9s has a weaker processor, less internal storage, less RAM, and a weaker rear camera. [28] [29] [30]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smartphone</span> Handheld mobile device

A smartphone, often simply called a phone, is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities. It typically has a touchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such as web browsing, email, and social media, as well as multimedia playback and streaming. Smartphones have built-in cameras, GPS navigation, and support for various communication methods, including voice calls, text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meizu</span> Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer

Meizu Technology Co., Ltd. is a Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer based in Zhuhai, Guangdong. Founded in 2003 by Jack Wong, Meizu began as a manufacturer of MP3 players and later MP4 players. In 2008, Meizu moved its focus to smartphones. Meizu is the 11th largest smartphone manufacturer in the world, and sold over 20 million units in 2015. In February 2015, Alibaba invested US$590 million in Meizu, acquiring an undisclosed minority stake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comparison of HTC devices</span>

HTC is the original design manufacturer for many Android and Windows Phone-based smartphones and PDAs. Brands that have marketed or previously marketed HTC-manufactured products include Dell, Fujitsu Siemens, HP/Compaq, i-mate, Krome, O2, Palm, Sharp Corporation, and UTStarcom. HTC also manufactures ultra-mobile PCs, and is also the manufacturer of the Nexus One and Nexus 9, a smartphone and tablet designed and branded by Google, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T-Mobile myTouch 4G Slide</span> Touchscreen slider smartphone

The T-Mobile myTouch 4G Slide is a touchscreen slider smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC Corporation for T-Mobile USA's "myTouch" series of phones. It is the fourth of the myTouch family. The myTouch 4G Slide is the first myTouch to feature HTC Espresso 3.0, a graphical user interface similar to HTC Sense 3.0. Highlights include an 8-megapixel camera, the Genius Button, and a hardware keyboard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One X</span> Android smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC

The HTC One X is a touchscreen-based, slate-sized smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC. It was released running Android 4.0.3, with the HTC Sense 4.0 skin. The One X is powered by the NVIDIA Tegra 3 for most international GSM carriers, making this the first HTC phone to be equipped with a quad-core processor, while a variant which is LTE capable is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 dual-core 1.5 GHz Krait processor. The One X was announced on February 26, 2012, at the Mobile World Congress and was HTC's sixth flagship product, leading the HTC One series from the time of its release through April 2013, when its successor the HTC One (M7) was announced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One S</span> Smartphone model

The HTC One S is a premium smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC as part of the HTC One series which has Beats Audio and runs the Android 4.0 "Ice Cream Sandwich" mobile operating system with HTC Sense. Announced by HTC on 26 February 2012, the HTC One S was scheduled for official release on 2 April 2012. The first phones were sold on March 30. In the United States, the One S is carried by T-Mobile and Solavei.

HTC One is a series of Android and Windows Phone smartphones designed and manufactured by HTC. All products in the One series were designed to be touchscreen-based and slate-sized, and to initially run the Android mobile operating system with the HTC Sense graphical user interface. The one exception to this is the HTC One (M8), which also had a Windows Phone variant. From 2010 to 2013, all HTC products starting from the HTC Sensation XE to the HTC One Mini were equipped with a Beats Audio equalizer. Later HTC devices beginning with the HTC One Max no longer ship with Beats Audio following the buyback of HTC's stake in Beats Electronics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One (M7)</span> Touchscreen-based Android smartphone by HTC

HTC One is a touchscreen-based Android smartphone designed, developed, and manufactured by HTC. The smartphone was unveiled on 19 February 2013 at press events in New York City and London and is HTC's seventh flagship smartphone. It has been hailed by many as a revolutionary Android handset with its premium design and build quality and its emphasis on high end audio. It is the successor to the company's 2012 flagship model, the One X—which was critically acclaimed, but commercially unsuccessful due in part to insufficient marketing efforts. To make the device stand out among its competition, HTC One was developed with a major emphasis on unique hardware and software features; which included a unibody aluminum frame, a 1080p full-HD display, dual front-facing stereo speakers, a camera with a custom image sensor and the ability to automatically generate montages of media, an updated version of HTC's Sense user experience, BlinkFeed—an aggregator of news and social network content, and an electronic program guide app with the ability to serve as a universal remote via an IR blaster located in the device's power button.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One Mini</span> Android smartphone by HTC

The HTC One Mini is an Android smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC. Alternatively known as the HTC M4, HTC 601e or HTC 601s, the One Mini is a mid-range variant of HTC's 2013 flagship high-end smartphone, the HTC One. As such, the One Mini was designed to provide an overall experience as similar to its high-end counterpart as possible, while still being competitively priced in comparison to other smartphones in its range. Officially unveiled on 18 July 2013, the One Mini was released in selected markets in August 2013 followed by a global release in September 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One Max</span> Android phablet designed and manufactured by HTC

The HTC One Max is an Android phablet smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC. The device is a larger variant of HTC's 2013 flagship high-end smartphone, the HTC One, notably incorporating a 5.9-inch display and fingerprint recognition features.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One (M8)</span> Smartphone manufactured by HTC

The HTC One (M8) is an Android or Windows smartphone manufactured and marketed by HTC. Following a number of leaks that occurred during the months prior, the device was officially unveiled in a press conference on March 25, 2014, and released the same day by Verizon Wireless at retail, and by other Canadian and United States carriers for online orders prior to its wider retail availability in mid-April.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LG G3</span> Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics

The LG G3 is an Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics as part of the LG G series. First released in South Korea on May 28, 2014, it is a successor to 2013's LG G2. Inheriting design elements from the G2, such as its thin screen bezels and rear-mounted power and volume buttons, the G3 is distinguished primarily by being the first smartphone from a major manufacturer to incorporate a 1440p display, and its inclusion of an infrared hybrid autofocus system for its camera. Its video resolution has been upgraded to 2160p (4K). LG also touted the device's plastic "metallic skin"—designed to give the device a higher quality appearance, and a "simpler" user interface with an integrated intelligent personal assistant system. The battery can be quickly changed by the user, allowing charged spare batteries to be carried.

The HTC One (E8) is a high-end Android smartphone released by HTC in 2014. It has been described as a cheaper version of the HTC One (M8), and the two devices share many similar features.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LG G4</span> Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics

The LG G4 is an Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics as part of the LG G series. Unveiled on 28 April 2015 and first released in South Korea on 29 April 2015 and widely released in June 2015, as the successor to 2014's G3. The G4 is primarily an evolution of the G3, with revisions to its overall design, display and camera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC One A9</span> Android smartphone

The HTC One A9 is an Android smartphone manufactured and marketed by HTC. It was officially announced on October 20, 2015. It is the successor to the HTC One Mini 2 worldwide; but in global markets, it was sold alongside the One M9 as a mid-range offering. It was launched as an effort to improve the revenue of HTC's smartphone business after the failure of the One M9.

The HTC One M9+ is an Android smartphone manufactured and marketed by HTC which was announced on April 8, 2015. Initially on launch, the device was only sold in China. In July 2015, the device was released in Europe excluding the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LG V10</span> Android smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics

The LG V10 is an Android smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics as part of the LG V series. Announced in September 2015 and released in October 2015, the device shares many similarities with the earlier LG G4. Its main feature is a customizable second display above the primary display, which, among other uses, shows notifications and music controls without waking up the primary display. In 2016, its successor, the LG V20 was released.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC 10</span> Android smartphone from 2016 manufactured and marketed by HTC

The HTC 10 is an Android smartphone manufactured and marketed by HTC. It was announced on April 12, 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HTC U11</span> Android-powered smartphone manufactured and sold by HTC

The HTC U11 is an Android smartphone manufactured and sold by HTC as part of the HTC U series. It was announced on 16 May 2017 and succeeds the HTC 10 smartphone. In the United States, the HTC U11's major carrier is Sprint; however, it is also compatible with unlocked carriers, such as AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon.

References

  1. 1 2 "HTC One M9". HTC. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  2. ↑ Souppouris, Aaron. "HTC One M8 specs versus Samsung Galaxy S5, iPhone 5S". Engadget . Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "Glove mode". www.htc.com. 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-11-18. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
  4. 1 2 "This is the HTC One M9". Engadget. 1 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  5. 1 2 Fekri, Arash (2015-07-27). "HTC One M9 Still Has Plenty to Differentiate Itself as a Great Smartphone". Master Herald. Oman: Al-Mashroot Akhbar Company. Archived from the original on 2015-07-30. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "HTC's One M9 is official". The Verge. 1 March 2015. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "HTC One M9". HTC.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  8. ↑ Westaway, Luke (19 February 2013). "HTC explains why 4 megapixels are better than 8". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  9. ↑ "Review of the HTC One M9 camera by GSMArena". Archived from the original on 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
  10. ↑ Gunther, Cory (8 April 2015). "How to Use the HTC One M9 as a Remote Control". Gotta Be Mobile. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  11. ↑ "Android M Update Announced for HTC One M9 and One M9+ Smartphones". NDTV. 29 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  12. ↑ "Nougat update rolling out to unlocked HTC One M9, coming to carrier variants early next year | Android Central". Archived from the original on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  13. ↑ Savov, Vlad (March 2015). "HTC's One M9 is the world's most beautiful disappointment". The Verge. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Joshua Ho. "HTC's Last Minute Software Update, Battery Life, & Charge Time - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 1". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  15. 1 2 Joshua Ho. "Display - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 1". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  16. ↑ Joshua Ho. "Initial Conclusions - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 1". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-24. Retrieved 2015-03-24.
  17. ↑ Joshua Ho. "System Performance: Snapdragon 810 - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 1". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  18. 1 2 Joshua Ho. "The HTC One M9 Review: Part 2". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  19. ↑ Joshua Ho. "Camera Architecture and UX - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 2". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  20. 1 2 Joshua Ho. "Camera Performance - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 2". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  21. ↑ Joshua Ho. "Final Words - The HTC One M9 Review: Part 2". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
  22. 1 2 3 Chris Velazco (23 March 2015). "HTC One M9 review: Another year, another modest step forward". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original on 2017-11-22. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "HTC One M9 review: HTC's flagship feels like an afterthought". Ars Technica. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  24. 1 2 "HTC 10 review: HTC builds the best Android flagship of 2016". 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  25. ↑ "Don't judge this One by its cover". 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  26. ↑ "HTC One M9 review". 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "HTC One M9 Review: The Phone Only HTC Could Build... For The Third Time". Android Police. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  28. ↑ "HTC One M9s - Full phone specifications". GSMArena. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  29. ↑ "HTC One M9s Price in India, Specifications, Comparison (4th April 2020)". Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  30. ↑ "HTC One (M9) vs HTC One M9s - Phone Comparison". Archived from the original on 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
Preceded by HTC One series
2015		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.