Haibat Khan Niazi

Last updated
Haibat Khan Niazi
هیبت خان نیازی
Governor of Lahore
In office
1541–1549
Personal details
Died1552
Banihal, Kashmir (present-day, Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), India)
NicknameAzam Hamayan

Haibat Khan Niazi was an Afghan noble and military leader in the Sur Empire. He was one of the most powerful noble of Sher Shah Suri and commanded the Niazi contingent of his army. [1] He is best known for bringing law and order in Multan by defeating the local chieftains, Chakar Rind Baloch and Fetah Khan Jat. Sher Shah Suri granted him the title of Azam Humayun and appointed him governor of Lahore, in 1541. [2] [3]

Contents

Due to his conflict with Sher Shah's successor, Islam Shah Suri, Haibat Khan revolted in 1549 but was defeated and forced to seek refuge from the Gakhars. In 1552 he attempted to make inroads into Kashmir but was defeated and killed by the Kashmiri nobles; with his head being sent to Islam Shah. [4]

Conquest of Kashmir, Multan and Sindh

Sher Shah Suri ordered Khan to conquer Multan and Sindh in present-day Pakistan in 1541. The conquest of Multan and Sindh and the restoration of law and order was completed by November, 1543. [5]

Rebellion and death

Islam Shah Suri after his accession directed his efforts towards the eradication of pro Adil Shah nobility including Haibat Khan Niazi and Khawas Khan who in reaction to the excesses committed against Afghan nobles rebelled. The Niazi rebellion intensified as Haibat Khan Niazi declared independence in Lahore. The uprising gained further support with Khawas Khan and Isa Khan Niazi joining from the Kumaun hills. Islam Shah, with Shujaat Khan, marched north and defeated the Niazis at Sambla near Dinkot. Following their defeat, Islam Shah humiliated the Niazis. The Afghans were outraged by the mistreatment of their captured kin, which included systematic indignities. In Punjab, the Niazis, unable to sustain their resistance, sought refuge with the Gakkhars near Rohtas. Later along with his kin he escaped towards Kashmir where their path was blocked by the Kashmiris who put Haibat Khan Niazi to death along with Shahbaz Khan and Saeed Khan. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durrani Empire</span> 1747–1823 Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani

The Durrani Empire, colloquially known as the Afghan Empire, or the Sadozai Kingdom, was an Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent. At its peak, it ruled over present-day Afghanistan, much of Pakistan, parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India. Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most significant Islamic empire of the second half of the 18th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humayun</span> Mughal emperor during 1530–1540 and 1555–1556

Nasir al-Din Muhammad, commonly known by his regnal name Humayun, was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556. At the time of his death, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multan</span> City in Punjab, Pakistan

Multan is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of river Chenab. It is one of the five largest urban centres of Pakistan in 2025 and is the administrative centre of Multan Division. It is a major cultural, religious and economic centre of Punjab region. Located in central Pakistan, with a district population of 5.3 million, it is the main hub of Southern Punjab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sher Shah Suri</span> Founder of the Sur Empire in India (1472/1486–1545)

Sher Shah Suri, also known by his title Sultan Adil, was the ruler of Bihar from 1530 to 1540, and Sultan of Hindustan from 1540 until his death in 1545. He defeated the Mughal Empire, founding the Sur Empire and establishing his rule in Delhi. The influence of his innovations and reforms extended far beyond his brief reign. During his time in power, he remained undefeated in battle and was renowned as one of the most skillful Afghan generals in history. By the end of his reign, his empire covered nearly all of Northern India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uch</span> Town in Punjab, Pakistan

Uch, frequently referred to as Uch Sharīf, is a historic city in the Pakistan's Punjab province. Uch may have been founded as Alexandria on the Indus, a town founded by Alexander the Great during his invasion of the Indus Valley. Uch was an early stronghold of the Delhi Sultanate during the Muslim conquest of the subcontinent. It is also known as the home for the Naqvi/Bukhari's after the migration from Bukhara. Uch was a regional metropolitan centre between the 12th and 17th centuries, and became refuge for Muslim religious scholars fleeing persecution from other lands. Though Uch is now a relatively small city, it is renowned for its intact historic urban fabric, and for its collection of shrines dedicated to Muslim mystics (Sufis) from 12th to 15th centuries that are embellished with extensive tile work, and were built in the distinct architectural style of southern Punjab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bairam Khan</span> Mughal military commander and statesman (1501–1561)

Muhammad Bairam Khan, commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military commander, and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal army, a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal Emperors, Humayun and Akbar. He was also the guardian, chief mentor, adviser, teacher and the most trusted ally of Akbar. Akbar honoured him as Khan-i-Khanan, which means "King of Kings". Bairam was originally called Bairam "Beg", but later became honoured as Khan. Bairam Khan was an aggressive general who was determined to restore Mughal authority in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sur Empire</span> Empire in Northern India between 1538/1540 and 1556

The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arghun dynasty</span> 1520–1591 Turco-Mongol dynasty in Sindh

The Arghun dynasty ruled over the area adjoining Southern Afghanistan and then the Sindh Sultanate from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. Arghun rule can be divided into two branches: the Arghun branch of Dhu'l-Nun Beg Arghun that ruled until 1554, and the Tarkhan branch of Muhammad Isa Tarkhan that ruled until 1593.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maldeo Rathore</span> Rao of Marwar (1511–1562)

Rao Maldeo Rathore was a king of the Rathore dynasty, who ruled the kingdom of Marwar in present day state of Rajasthan. Maldeo ascended the throne in 1531 CE, inheriting a small ancestral principality of Rathore's but after a long period of military actions against his neighbours, Maldeo swept significant territories which included parts of present day Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Sindh. He refused to ally with either the Sur Empire or the Mughal Empire.

Isa Khan Niazi was an Afghan noble from the courts of Sher Shah Suri and his son Islam Shah Suri, of the Sur Empire, who fought the Mughal Empire.

Multan in Punjab province of Pakistan is one of the oldest cities of South Asia, though its exact age has yet to be determined. Multan is known for its rich ancient heritage and historic landmarks. Multan was the primary cultural centre or capital of Punjab region mostly in late ancient and medieval era. Multan region was centre of many civilizations in its 5 millennia old history, and witnessed warfare across millennia because of its location on a major invasion route between South and Central Asia.

The Battle of Tughlaqabad was a notable battle fought on 7 October 1556 between Hemchandra Vikramaditya, also referred to as Hemu, and the forces of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, led by Tardi Beg Khan, at Tughlaqabad in Delhi. Hemu's army emerged triumphant in the battle, who thereafter took possession of Delhi and claimed royal status, assuming the title of MaharajaVikramaditya. Following his failure, Tardi Beg was executed by Akbar's regent, Bairam Khan.

Khawas Khan Marwat was one of the best generals of Sher Shah Suri, having played a major role in defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun in 1539 at the Battle of Chausa. He belonged to the Bahram branch of the Marwat tribe. He was originally a poor fox hunter, but Sher Shah spotted his potential and elevated him to the position of a general. According to historical accounts he was born of a slave woman to a household of Lohani Marwats.

The Battle of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Suri Empire in 1555.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subah of Lahore</span> Subdivision of the Mughal Empire

The Subah of Lahore was one of the three subahs (provinces) of the Mughal Empire in the Punjab region, alongside Multan and Delhi subahs, encompassing the northern, central and eastern Punjab. It was created as one of the original 12 Subahs of the Mughal Empire under the administrative reforms carried by Akbar in 1580. In 1752, the Subahdar Moin-ul-Mulk transferred his allegiance to Ahmad Shah Durrani. The province ceased to exist as a political unit after the death of Adina Beg in 1758, with large parts being incorporated into Durrani Empire. Collectively, Lahore and Multan subahs, and parts of Delhi subah, comprised "Mughal Punjab".

The Battle of Kannauj took place at Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun on 17 May 1540. This battle is also known as the battle of Bilgram, where Humayun was defeated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Langah Sultanate</span> Medieval kingdom in Punjab

The Langah Sultanate was a late medieval sultanate based in the Punjab region in the western Indian subcontinent between the 15th and 16th centuries. It was the dominant power of the lower Doab tract with Multan at its centre. The Langah Sultanate was annexed in 1527 but had autonomous authority until its merger with the Mughal Empire in 1530.

Langah is a historical tribe and surname found in Balochistan (Lasbela), Sindh and south Punjab. They are considered as Jats or Rajput.

Ghazi, born Ghāzī Shāh Chak was the first Chak Sultan. He dethroned the last Shah Mir Sultan, Habib Shah, in 1561 and succeeded him under the title of Muhammad Humayun. He was the 19th Sultan of Kashmir and ruled Kashmir till he was forced to abdicate in 1563.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Kashmir (1754–1762)</span>

The Kingdom of Kashmir made a brief and ultimately unsuccessful attempt to regain its independence. Since 1586, Kashmir had been a part of the Mughal Empire and was run by a viceroy appointed by the monarch. Due to the social unrest after the capture of Kashmir by the Durranis in the Mughal–Afghan War, Sukh Jiwan Mal, the Durrani governor, was elected as the King in 1754.

References

  1. "Early history of Niazi tribe". 4 March 2015. Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved 17 Jan 2016.
  2. Erskine, William (1854). A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun, vol. 2. Mogul Empire: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 455.
  3. Agrawal, Ashvini (1 January 1983). Studies in Mughal History. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 66. ISBN   978-81-208-2326-6.
  4. Hasan, Mohibbul (2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. pp. 216, 383. ISBN   978-1-032-66670-9.
  5. Sharma, S.R. (1999). Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material, Volume 1. India: Atlantic Publishers. p. 127. ISBN   9788171568178.
  6. Singh, Surinder (2022-06-08). Medieval Panjab in Transition: Authority, Resistance and Spirituality c.1500 – c.1700. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN   978-1-000-60944-8.