 | |
 Haiti |  Mexico |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Embassy of Haiti in Mexico | Embassy of Mexico in Haiti |
| Envoy | |
| Chargé d'Affaires Darline Florestal | Chargé d'Affaires Jesús Cisneros |
The nations of Haiti and Mexico established consular relations in 1882 and formal diplomatic relations were established in 1929. [1] Both nations are members of Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Haiti was the first Latin-American nation to gain independence in 1804 from France. This result inspired several nations in the region in their struggle for independence. In 1816, Mexican General Martín Javier Mina y Larrea traveled to Haiti to gain support for Mexico's independence from Spain. [2] Consular relations between Haiti and Mexico were established in 1882 with formal diplomatic relations being established in 1929. [1] In 1934, a Mexican diplomatic office was opened in Port-au-Prince and in 1943 the diplomatic office was elevated to an embassy. That same year, Haiti opened an embassy in Mexico City. [1]
Between the years 1957–1986, Haiti was ruled by President François Duvalier and later by his son, Jean-Claude Duvalier. During this time period, several high level Haitian politicians, students and activists sought refuge in the Mexican embassy in the capital including former politician and author, Gérard Pierre-Charles who spent 26 years living in Mexico. [3] In February 1991, President Jean-Bertrand Aristide came to power. He was later toppled in a coup d'état in September 1991 and forced to flee the country. That same month, Aristide's Prime Minister René Préval sought refuge in the Mexican embassy where he remained for eleven months until being granted safe-conduct and fled to Mexico. René Préval would later become President of Haiti in February 1996 – 2001 and again in 2006 – 2011. [1]
In January 2010, Haiti experienced a 7.0 earthquake. Like several countries, Mexico responded by providing food and other essential emergency aid. Soon following the earthquake, over 1,300 Mexican medical workers arrived to Haiti along with 15,000 tons of humanitarian aid and over 51 thousand tents to provide temporary shelter. [4] Mexican soldiers also partook in search and rescue. Since 2010, the Mexican government has given over US$8 million in financial assistance to the Haitian government and people. [5]
In 2012, President Felipe Calderón became the first Mexican head-of-state to visit Haiti. While in Haiti, President Calderon met with Haitian President Michel Martelly and they discussed bilateral relations between both nations and Mexico's development aid to the country. [2] In April 2013, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto paid a visit to Haiti. [6] In 2015, Mexico contributed military personnel to the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti. [2]
In 2016, approximately 5,000 Haitian nationals, while in Mexico; were denied entry into the United States when President Barack Obama ended allowing Haitians into the country on humanitarian grounds. Many of the Haitians remained in Mexico, primarily in the border cities of Mexicali and Tijuana. [7]
As part of an effort to increase humanitarian assistance and help with the recuperation of Haiti, Mexico provides government scholarships to 300 Haitian students to study at Mexican universities per year. [8] In November 2021 Haiti opened a consulate in the southern Mexican city of Tapachula, Chiapas to best attend to the surge of Haitian migrants entering Mexico. [9] [10] That same year, over 51,000 Haitians applied for asylum in Mexico. [11]
In October 2023, Haitian Prime Minister Ariel Henry paid a visit to Palenque, Chiapas to attend a Summit on Migration, hosted by Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. [12]
Mexico has actively supported the rebuilding and modernization efforts of the Armed Forces of Haiti with training. In 2018, a Mexican delegation led by Mexican Army Brigadier General Porfirio Fuentes, travelled to Haiti for a workshop with the Haitian military high command, where a workshop was held discussing the strategies of military cooperation between the two nations [13] . Later that year 50 NCOs travelled to Mexico to get a formation at the "Escuela Militar de Sargentos" [14] of the Mexican Army, in Puebla, Mexico [15] [16] [17] , 30 of which would be trained to become drill instructors. On 16 August 2019, the first class of servicemembers formed in Haiti, composed of 248 soldiers, 50 NCOs, and 15 officers, would graduate from the Anacaona Military Training Center, in Léogâne. [18] [19] That class was trained by Mexican military instructors team, led by Colonel Léon Borja [20] . The 15 officers would then travel to Mexico for further training at the Temamatla military mase [21] [22] .
Another company of 150 soldiers would go to Mexico to get a formation by the Mexican Army and Mexican National Guard, in subjects including drone warfare, guerilla warfare, sniper training, demolition. That company upon their return to Haiti would become the National Guard Unit (Unité de Garde Nationale) [23] that was trained. [24] [25] [26] [27] 30 soldiers in 2022, and 100 in 2023, travelled to Mexico for special operations training with the Cuerpo de Fuerzas Especiales, becoming the first Special forces unit of the new FAd'H. [28] [29] [30] [31]
On December 5th 2024, a meeting between the newly appointed defense minister Jean Michel Moise, and the chargé d'affaires of Mexico in Haiti, Jesus Cisneros, reaffirmed existing military cooperation between both countries. They announced that this cooperation will continue and expand going into 2025, with assistance to the FAD'H to build training facilities on the newly established "Vertières" base, which will also serve as a basic training camp. Talks were also held over building a warrant officer program with aims to professionalize and modernize the armed forces. [32] In an interview with Le Nouvelliste , Mr. Cisneros states that Mexico hopes to provide specialized training to more than 100 Haitian servicemen during 2025, one of those subjects being pilot training. He also announced that a project of non-lethal military aid to the Haitian military was on the way. [33]
High-level visits from Haiti to Mexico [1]
High-level visits from Mexico to Haiti [2] [6] [36]
Both nations have signed a few bilateral agreement such as an Agreement for mutual non-fee visa issuance (1942) and an Agreement on Technical and Scientific Cooperation (2003). [38]
In 2023, total trade between the two nations amounted to US$80 million. [39] [40] Haiti's main exports to Mexico include: textiles and clothing. Mexico's main exports to Haiti include: food, bottled water, motor vehicles, medicine and electric accumulators. [39] Mexican multinational company Cemex operates in Haiti. [41]
Private First Class is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel in many armed forces.
The Evangelical Baptist Mission of South Haiti is a Baptist Christian denomination in Haiti, headquartered in Les Cayes. MEBSH is a member of the Protestant Federation of Haiti, the Evangelical Council of Haitian Churches and the Baptist World Alliance.
The Haitian National Police is the law enforcement and de facto police force of Haiti. It was created in 1995 to bring public security under civilian control as mandated in Haiti's constitution. As of 2023, the force has 9,000 active duty officers.
The Gendarmerie Nationale is the national gendarmerie of Niger. The Gendarmerie Nationale are under the Niger Armed Forces and report to the Ministry of Defense. They are responsible for law enforcement in rural areas. Niger's civilian police force, the National Police, is a separate agency under the Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization, and are responsible for policing in urban areas.
The Armed Forces of Haiti are the military forces of the Republic of Haiti, is composed of the Haitian Army, the Haitian Navy, and the Haitian Aviation Corps. The Force has about 2000 active personnel as of 2023, with the army and aviation corps being active, and navy personnel still in the works.
Opération Séisme Haiti 2010 is France's military relief operation for the 12 January 2010 earthquake.
Originating from the Army of Saint-Domingue (1791–1803), then the Indigenous Army (1803–1915), the Haitian Army is the land component of the Armed Forces of Haiti. It is the largest branch of the armed forces since its reinstatement in 2017 by then President Jovenel Moïse.
France–Haiti relations are foreign relations between France and Haiti. Both nations are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
Haiti was one of the original members of the League of Nations, and was one of the original members of the United Nations and several of its specialized and related agencies. It is also a founding member of the Organization of American States. Haiti also has diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, instead of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan is one of Haiti's major trading partners and the two countries maintain very friendly relations. Haiti has also re-established very warm relations with Cuba in which a major act of bilateral cooperation has resulted in Cuba's large contribution of doctors to the country. The Haitian government has publicly shown admiration to Fidel Castro and his administration.
Benin–Haiti relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Benin and Haiti.
Operation Sangaris was a French military intervention in the Central African Republic, from late 2013 till 2016. It was the seventh French military intervention there since the country gained independence from France in 1960. On 30 October 2016, France announced it was officially ending Operation Sangaris.
Fritz Alphonse Jean is a Haitian economist, politician and writer who served as governor of the Banque de la République d'Haïti from 1998 until 2001. Since 2012, he is the president of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Professions of Nord-Est. and is part of the national commemoration committee of the 100th anniversary of the United States occupation of Haiti. He was elected by the Montana Consensus as Provisional President of Haiti on January 30, 2022.
Mimi Barthélémy, the nom de plume of Michèle Armand, was a Haitian writer, actor, storyteller and director.
François Gérard Marie Lecointre is a French army general who has served as Grand Chancellor of the Order of the Legion of Honour since 1 February 2023. He previously served as Chief of the Defence Staff between 2017 and 2021.
Haiti–Taiwan relations or ROC–Haitian relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Haiti and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Haiti maintains an embassy in Taipei and Taiwan maintains an embassy in Port-au-Prince.
The nations of Chad and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1976. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
On 25 November 2019, two French military helicopters, part of Operation Barkhane, crashed in northern Mali, killing 13 soldiers. It was the deadliest incident involving the French military since the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings.
The Aviation Corps of the Armed Forces of Haiti is the air force component of the Armed Forces of Haiti. The air corps was disbanded along with the rest of the armed forces after Operation Uphold Democracy, the U.S. invasion of 1994.
Colombia–Haiti relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Haiti. Both countries have maintained a friendly relationship since the time of Colombia's independence in 1820. The two nations are members of the Organization of American States, Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the United Nations.
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