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A hammam, called a Moorish bath and a Turkish bath by Westerners, is a type of steam bath or a place of public bathing associated with the Islamic world. It is a prominent feature in the culture of the Muslim world and was inherited from the model of the Roman thermae. Muslim bathhouses or hammams were historically found across the Middle East, North Africa, al-Andalus, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and in Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule.
Moroccan architecture reflects Morocco's diverse geography and long history, marked by successive waves of settlers through both migration and military conquest. This architectural heritage includes ancient Roman sites, historic Islamic architecture, local vernacular architecture, 20th-century French colonial architecture, and modern architecture.
The Museum of Marrakech is a historic palace and museum located in the old center of Marrakesh, Morocco. In addition to its notable architecture, the museum's collection showcases various historic art objects and contemporary art from Morocco.
Fes el Bali is the oldest walled part of Fez, the second largest city of Morocco. Fes el Bali was founded as the capital of the Idrisid dynasty between 789 and 808 AD. UNESCO listed Fes el Bali, along with Fes Jdid, as a World Heritage Site in 1981 under the name Medina of Fez. The World Heritage Site includes Fes el Bali's urban fabric and walls as well as a buffer zone outside of the walls that is intended to preserve the visual integrity of the location. Fes el Bali is, along with Fes Jdid and the French-created Ville Nouvelle or “New Town”, one of the three main districts in Fez.
Fez or Fes is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region. It is the second largest city in Morocco, with a population of 1.11 million, according to the 2014 census. Located to the northwest of the Atlas Mountains, it is surrounded by hills and the old city is centered around the Fez River flowing from west to east. Fez has been called the "Mecca of the West" and the "Athens of Africa". It is also considered the spiritual and cultural capital of Morocco.
Mesbahiyya Madrasa is a madrasa in Fes el Bali, the old medina quarter in the city of Fez, Morocco. Its construction is dated to 1346, during the Marinid period. It is located next to the University of al-Qarawiyyin.
The architecture of Fez, Morocco, reflects the wider trends of Moroccan architecture dating from the city's foundation in the late 8th century and up to modern times. The old city (medina) of Fes, consisting of Fes el-Bali and Fes el-Jdid, is notable for being an exceptionally well-preserved medieval North African city and is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A large number of historic monuments from different periods still exist in it today, including mosques, madrasas, synagogues, hammams (bathhouses), souqs (markets), funduqs (caravanserais), defensive walls, city gates, historic houses, and palaces.
The Dar al-Makina is a former arms factory in Fes, Morocco.
The Funduq al-Tetwaniyyin, also known as the Funduq al-Staouniyine, is a historic funduq (caravanserai) in Fes el-Bali, the old city of Fes, Morocco.
The Mnebhi Palace or Menebhi Palace, also known by its French name Palais Mnebhi, is a historic early 20th-century palace in Fes el-Bali, the old medina of Fes, Morocco. It is notable for both its lavish architecture as well as for being the place where the 1912 Treaty of Fes was officially signed. It is located on Tala'a Seghira street, one of the main souq streets of the city.
Dar Moqri is a historic palace or group of mansions in Fes el-Bali, the old medina of Fes, Morocco. It dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was built by the wealthy and powerful Moqri family. The site is occupied by two grand residences built separately by members of the same family but physically adjoining each other. The older palace was begun by Abdelsalam al-Moqri and probably further modified by his son Muhammad. In addition to its rich interior, it is notable for its large terraced garden. The second palace belonged to his grandson Si Tayb and is notable for its long courtyard which mixes Italianate details with traditional Moroccan decoration. A completely separate palace, known as Riad Driss Moqri, was also built further north by Abdelsalam's son, Si Dris.
Funduq Sagha is a historic funduq in Fes el Bali, the old medina quarter in the city of Fez, Morocco.
The Funduq Kettanin, also known as Funduq Jdid, is a historic funduq in Fes el-Bali, the old medina of Fes, Morocco. It was built in the late 19th century by Haj Houssein Bennani, the official in charge of habous affairs during the reign of Moulay Hassan. It was used primarily as lodging for merchants visiting the city. The funduq was recently restored during a major rehabilitation program involving over two dozen other historic monuments in the city.
The Jamai Palace, also known as the Dar Jama'i or the Palais Jamaï, is a historic late 19th-century mansion near Bab Guissa in Fes el-Bali in Fes, Morocco. It was converted to a luxury hotel in 1919, which closed in 2014.
The Dar Jamai Museum is a museum in Meknes, Morocco. It displays a number of artifacts and art objects from the city and other regions in Morocco. It is housed in a late 19th-century palace built by the Jama'i family who also built the Jamai Palace in Fes.
Place Seffarine or Seffarine Square is a small square in the medina of Fes, Morocco. It is located on the south side of the Qarawiyyin Mosque, close to the Bou Khrareb River which runs through the heart of the medina. The square dates back to the Middle Ages but has also undergone renovations in modern times. It is adjoined by the Qarawiyyin's library to the northwest, by the Saffarin Madrasa to the east, and by the Saffarin Hammam (bathhouse) to the southwest. It is named after the coppersmiths who have had their workshops here for centuries.
The Hammam as-Saffarin is a historic hammam (bathhouse) in the medina of Fes, Morocco. It is located on the southwest side of Place Seffarine, across from the Madrasa Saffarin and south of the Qarawiyyin Mosque.
The Kissariat al-Kifah or Kissaria (القيسارية) is the historic central bazaar of Fes el-Bali, the historic old city of Fez, Morocco. It is located between the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II and the Qarawiyyin Mosque.
Hammam al-Mokhfiya is a historic hammam (bathhouse) in the medina of Fes, Morocco. It is located in the neighbourhood of the same name (al-Mokhfiya), south of Place R'cif. Based on its similarities in layout and decoration with other historic hammams in the region, it has been dated to the mid-14th century, during the reign of the Marinid sultan Abu Inan or slightly after. The hammam is richly decorated with carved stucco and carved wood in its changing room, as well as zellij tiling in its steam rooms. The hammam was part of the habous (endowment) of the Qarawiyyin Mosque.
The Mausoleum of Sidi Harazem or Marabout of Sidi Harazem is a funerary monument and shrine in Fez, Morocco. It is located in the Bab Ftouh Cemetery, one of the city's largest historic cemeteries. It contains the tomb of Sidi 'Ali ibn Harazem, a 12th-century Sufi mystic who died in 1164–65.
References
- 1 2 "La magnifique rénovation des 27 monuments de Fès – Conseil Régional du Tourisme (CRT) de Fès" (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-14.
- 1 2 Raftani, Kamal; Radoine, Hassan (2008). "The Architecture of the Hammams of Fez, Morocco". Archnet-IJAR. 2 (3): 56–68.
- 1 2 Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. p. 250.
- ↑ "Fès/Restauration de la médina: Le musée vivant ressuscité". L'Economiste (in French). 2016-06-14. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
- ↑ "Résumé des discussions – ECO-HAMMAM" (in French). Retrieved 2020-09-16.
- ↑ Sibley, Magda; Jackson, Iain (2012). "The architecture of Islamic public baths of North Africa and the Middle East: an analysis of their internal spatial configurations". Architectural Research Quarterly. 16 (2): 155–170. doi:10.1017/S1359135512000462.
- ↑ Secret, Edm. (1942). "Les hammams de Fes" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut d'Hygiène du Maroc. 2: 61–78.
34°03′47.7″N4°58′28.6″W / 34.063250°N 4.974611°W
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