Moulay Abdallah Mosque

Moulay Abdallah Mosque
The minaret of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque.
Religion
Sect	(Maliki) Sunni
Location
Location	Fes, Morocco
Geographic coordinates	34°03′24.9″N4°59′38.6″W / 34.056917°N 4.994056°W / 34.056917; -4.994056
Architecture
Type	mosque
Style	Moroccan, Islamic
Founder	Sultan Moulay Abdallah
Date established	18th century
Minaret(s)	1

The Moulay Abdallah Mosque or Mosque of Moulay Abdallah is a major mosque and royal necropolis complex situated in the center of the Moulay Abdallah district in Fes el-Jdid, the historic palace-city and citadel in Fes, Morocco. It was founded by the Alaouite sultan Moulay Abdallah (ruled intermittently between 1729 and 1757) who is buried in the adjoining necropolis along with later members of the dynasty. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Overview

The mosque is located Fes el-Jdid ("New Fes"), which was originally a royal citadel and administrative city founded in 1276 by the Marinid dynasty. ^[1] Fes el-Jdid originally housed many of the sultan's troops and it also continued to house the royal palace up to modern times. In the 17th century the Alaouite sultan Moulay Rashid built the large Kasbah Cherarda north of Fes el-Jdid in order to house his tribal troops, ^[1] which in turn liberated new space in the city. This included the northwestern area of Fes el-Jdid which then became the Moulay Abdallah neighbourhood from the early 18th century onward. ^{[4] : 296} This is where Sultan Moulay Abdallah (ruled 1729–1757) erected the mosque and where he himself was buried after his death. ^[3]

The mosque also once had madrasa which offered initial training (in Qur'anic studies) to less-educated students before they went on to study at the al-Qarawiyyin University. ^{[1] : 463} An old historic hammam is (or was) also located just west of the mosque. ^[3]

Royal necropolis

Separate entrance doorway to the necropolis on the Mosque's southern side

The necropolis occupies the southern portion of the mosque complex and consists of two courtyards, a prayer room, and the burial room itself. ^{[5] : 127} According to Henri Bressolette, the necropolis existed as far back as the 17th century, but it was reworked into its current form by Muhammad ibn Abd ar-Rahman in the mid-19th century (before his accession to the throne in 1859, while he was still serving as deputy under his father Abd al-Rahman). ^[6] Sultan Abdallah was interred here ^[3] as well as his mother Khanatha bint Bakkar. ^[7] His immediate successors, however, were buried in other locales: Mohammed III (d. 1790) ^[8] and Hassan I (d. 1894) in Rabat, ^[9] Yazid (d. 1792) at the Saadian Tombs in Marrakesh, ^[10] Abd al-Rahman (d. 1859) at the Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail in Meknes, ^[11] and Muhammad IV (d. 1873) in the Alaouite ancestral home of Tafilalt. ^[12]

The use of the Moulay Abdallah Mosque as a necropolis of the Alaouite dynasty was revived when Sultan Youssef was buried here in 1927, ^[3] followed by his deposed predecessors Abdelhafid in 1937 and Abdelaziz in 1943 and his wife Lalla Yacout in 1953 respectively. ^{[6] [13]} The tradition was again discontinued as later rulers Mohammed V (d. 1961) and Hassan II (d. 1999) have been buried in Rabat, at the Mausoleum of Mohammed V erected in 1961-1971 near the Hassan Tower. ^[14]

See also

• Grand Mosque of Fes el-Jdid
• R'cif Mosque
• List of mosques in Morocco

References

1. Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman. Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. pp. 88, 98, 463.
2. Marçais, Georges (1954). L'architecture musulmane d'Occident. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. p. 391.
3. Maslow, Boris (1937). Les mosquées de Fès et du nord du Maroc. Paris: Éditions d'art et d'histoire. pp. 86–91.
4. Métalsi, Mohamed (2003). Fès: La ville essentielle. Paris: ACR Édition Internationale. ISBN   978-2867701528.
5. Joseph Luccioni (1972), "L'avènement de Sidi Mohammed Ben Youssef au trône du Maroc (1927)", Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée: 123–130
6. Bressolette, Henri (2016). A la découverte de Fès. L'Harmattan. ISBN   978-2343090221.
7. al-Nasiri, Ahmad ibn Khalid. Kitâb Elistiqsâ li-Akhbâri doual Elmâgrib Elaqsâ[The book of in-depth research into the events of the extreme Magrib dynasties]. Vol. IX : Chronique de la dynastie alaouie au Maroc. Ernest Leroux. p. 217.
8. Archives marocaines: publication de la Mission scientifique du Maroc (in French). Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion. 1906. p. 102.
9. Pennell, C. R. (2000). Morocco Since 1830: A History. NYU Press. p. 108. ISBN   978-0-8147-6677-4.
10. Deverdun, Gaston (1959). Marrakech: Des origines à 1912. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines. p. 407.
11. Salmon, Xavier (2016). Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550-1650. Paris: LienArt. p. 270. ISBN   9782359061826.
12. Pellat, Ch. (1993). "sayyidī/sīdī Muḥammad IV b. 'Abd al-Raḥmān". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 392. ISBN   978-90-04-09419-2.
13. "The Sultan Back In Morocco. Au Maroc, en novembre 1955, le retour..." Getty Images. Retrieved 2024-02-04. In Morocco, in November 1955, the return from exile of Sultan Mohammed ben Youssef of Morocco (future king Mohammed V): the day after his triumphant return to Rabat, the sultan made a pious pilgrimage to Fes to pray at the tomb of the Alawites and on the grave of his mother who died three weeks after her departure for exile
14. "CNN - Morocco's King Hassan buried as thousands mourn - July 25, 1999". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2023-01-15.