East Turkestan or East Turkistan,also called Uyghuristan,is a loosely-defined geographical region in the northwestern part of the People's Republic of China,which varies in meaning by context and usage. The term was coined in the 19th century by Russian Turkologists,including Nikita Bichurin,who intended the name to replace the common Western term for the region,"Chinese Turkestan",which referred to the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang or Xinjiang as a whole during the Qing dynasty. Beginning in the 17th century,Altishahr,which means "Six Cities" in Uyghur,became the Uyghur name for the Tarim Basin. Uyghurs also called the Tarim Basin "Yettishar," which means "Seven Cities," and even "Sekkizshahr",which means "Eight Cities" in Uyghur. Chinese dynasties from the Han dynasty to the Tang dynasty had called an overlapping area the "Western Regions".
The Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) is a terrorist Uyghur Islamic extremist organization founded in Pakistan by Hasan Mahsum. Its stated goals are to establish an Islamic state in Xinjiang and Central Asia.
Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri was an Egyptian-born pan-Islamist militant and physician who served as the second general emir of al-Qaeda from June 2011 until his death in July 2022.
The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan was a militant Islamist group formed in 1998 by Islamic ideologue Tahir Yuldashev and former Soviet paratrooper Juma Namangani;both ethnic Uzbeks from the Fergana Valley. Its original objective was to overthrow President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan and create an Islamic state under Sharia;however,in subsequent years,it reinvented itself as an ally of Al-Qaeda. The group also maintained relations with Afghan Taliban in 1990s. However,later on,relations between the Afghan Taliban and the IMU started declining.
Abu Musab al-Suri,born Mustafa bin Abd al-Qadir Setmariam Nasar,is a suspected Al-Qaeda member and writer best known for his 1,600-page book The Global Islamic Resistance Call. He is considered by many as 'the most articulate exponent of the modern jihad and its most sophisticated strategist'.
The East Turkestan Liberation Organization (ETLO) was a secessionist Uyghur organization that advocated for an independent Uyghur state named East Turkestan in the Western Chinese province known as Xinjiang. The organization was established in Turkey in late 1997 to fight against the Chinese government in Xinjiang,a territory of ethnic Uyghur majority.
The Khalden training camp was one of the oldest and best-known military training camps in Afghanistan. It was located in the mountains of eastern Paktia Province,near to Tora Bora.
Ahmed Adil is a citizen of China who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps in Cuba.
The January 2007 Xinjiang raid was carried out on January 5,2007,by Chinese paramilitary police against a suspected East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) training camp in Akto County in the Pamir plateau.
Terrorism in China refers to the use or threatened use of violence to effect political or ideological change in the People's Republic of China. The definition of terrorism differs among scholars,between international and national bodies and across time and there is no legally binding definition internationally. In the cultural setting of China,the term is relatively new and ambiguous.
The Islamic Jihad Union is a militant Islamist organization founded in 2002 as a splinter group of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). Headquartered in North Waziristan,a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan,bordering Afghanistan,the group has been affiliated with both Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.
ETIM training camp is a name that Joint Task Force Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts applied to a place where two dozen ethnic Uyghurs held in Guantanamo are suspected of having received training. JTF-GTMO analysts assert that the camp was run by a group they called the East Turkestan Islamic Movement,although Uyghur activists were not familiar with the groups.
The Asian Muslims Human Rights Bureau was a group said to have been organized to aid Muslim expatriates in Asia that had ties to Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda. It was reported to have been led by a "Pakistani citizen of Xinjiang origin" -- a Uyghur named Abdul Rasul.
Abdul Haq al-Turkistani is a Uyghur Islamic militant and terrorist who leads the Turkistan Islamic Party. The United States Treasury reported he took over leadership of the organization in 2003,following the death of its previous leader,and took a seat on al-Qaeda's shura in 2005.
Uyghurs in Pakistan are a small community of ethnic Uyghurs who live in Pakistan that originate from Xinjiang,China.
The 2011 Kashgar attacks were a series of knife and bomb attacks in Kashgar,Xinjiang,China on July 30 and 31,2011. On July 30,two Uyghur men hijacked a truck,killed its driver,and drove into a crowd of pedestrians. They got out of the truck and stabbed six people to death and injured 27 others. One of the attackers was killed by the crowd;the other was brought into custody. On July 31,a chain of two explosions started a fire at a downtown restaurant. A group of armed Uyghur men killed two people inside of the restaurant and four people outside,injuring 15 other people. Police shot five suspects dead,detained four,and killed two others who initially escaped arrest.
The Xinjiang conflict,also known as the East Turkistan conflict,Uyghur–Chinese conflict or Sino-East Turkistan conflict,is an ongoing ethnic geopolitical conflict in what is now China's far-northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang,also known as East Turkistan. It is centred around the Uyghurs,a Turkic ethnic group who constitute a plurality of the region's population.
The Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria is the Syrian branch of the Turkistan Islamic Party,an armed Uyghur Jihadist group with a presence in the Syrian Civil War. While the TIP has been active in Syria,the organization's core leadership is based in Afghanistan and Pakistan,with a presence in its home territory of China.
Abdul Razzaq al-Mahdi,is a Syrian Islamist cleric who is actively involved fighting in the Syrian Civil War against the Syrian government. He originates from Damascus's Al-Salihiyah district and was born in 1961.
The Islamic State –Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) is a regional branch of the Islamic State terrorist group active in South-Central Asia,primarily Afghanistan. ISIS–K seeks to destabilize and overthrow existing governments of the historic Khorasan region to establish an Islamic caliphate under its strict,fundamentalist Islamist rule.
