HeRAMS

Last updated
Health Resources Availability Mapping System
HeRAMS 16 Govn final report Yemen.png
General information
AbbreviationHeRAMS
TypeMonitoring program
Field Emergency medicine, Public Health
Organization
Organizer WHO
Co-organizer (s)Local Ministries of Health
Locations and dates
Sudan 2008 — 2011
Mali 2013
Philippines 2014
CAR 2014, 2016
Syria 2014, 2015
Fiji 2016
Nigeria 2016
Yemen 2016
Iraq 2017
Ukraine 2017 — 2018

HeRAMS (Health Resources Availability Mapping System) is an electronic system for monitoring medical resources, a WHO tool for standardizing and assessing the availability of medical services, mostly used for emergency response. [1] [2] This method to date has mostly been implemented as cross-sectional surveys, but should instead be used as a real-time monitoring system. [3] Acute and protracted crises have grave immediate and long-term effects on population health and health systems, which is particularly evident in low-income countries. Assessing the availability of health services is essential in understanding the disrupted health systems' capacities and weaknesses. HeRAMS enables health sector stakeholders to make managerial decisions and to implement effective planning in the field of health care in time, especially crucial during humanitarian emergencies or healthcare optimization. [1] [4] These decisions save lives and reduce suffering, especially in response to emergencies. Health sector evaluations assessing the effectiveness and applicability of HeRAMS were conducted in Sudan, [4] [5] [6] Mali, [7] Philippines, [8] Central African Republic, [9] [10] Syria, [11] Fiji, [12] [1] [13] Nigeria, [14] Yemen, [15] [2] Iraq [16] and Ukraine. [17] [18]

Contents

General information

The need to identify the right investments in health development, corresponding with public health demands is one of the most pressing global public health challenges. [19] The significant gaps in the availability of essential health information still existed in recent, large, armed conflicts and natural disasters. [20] HeRAMS was developed by WHO and the Global Health Cluster (the humanitarian cluster approach is the main coordination mechanism for crises: in the case of crises usually one humanitarian cluster is activated for each sector of the response — eg, nutrition, health or WASH). [3]

When conducting programs using HeRAMS, information is collected about each health facility in a specific area. Then the analysis of the received data is carried out. [2] Updating and georeferencing the database of health facilities in the crisis-affected area is a key step in HeRAMS implementation. It should arguably be done as part of emergency preparedness. It is also needed for health management information systems. [3]

HeRAMS data need to be updated a few times. These information will provide a guide to the progress of reconstruction and revitalization of health facilities. [21]

Based on the findings, WHO, in collaboration with local health ministries, makes analytical reports and develops possible measures to improve the situation. [2] The approach allows to display data on a geographic background. This visualization helps to better understand the situation. It is possible to find the gaps in the medical system that are invisible under the usual approach. Such an opportunity to show a deep understanding of the state of affairs promotes effective communication with stakeholders. [1]

HeRAMS in Nigeria

With the Boko Haram insurgency and the later activation of the conflict in 2013, the humanitarian crisis has been continuing in the northeast part of Nigeria since then. [22] In 2016 WHO started initial assessments in Borno State with local Ministry of Health. [14] [23] [24] Previously HeRAMS has been conducted in Adamawa and Yobe states. [21] [25] WHO planned to update the HeRAMS data three times in 2017/8 across these tree states. This information will lead to a more effective recovery of the medical infrastructure. [21]

In 2017 in Adamawa 1120 health facilities were assessed, which included 1 tertiary and 28 secondary hospitals, 363 primary health care centers and 336 primary health care clinics. 12% of them were completely destroyed, 34% – partially damaged and 54% – not damaged. 20% of the 379 partially damaged facilities were fully functional, 63% were partially functional, and 16% were non-functional. [26] [27]

The Yobe State survey, conducted in 593 health facilities, including 2 tertiary hospitals, 16 secondary ones and 113 primary health care centers, showed that 10% of them were completely destroyed. 70% of the partially damaged (183) and undamaged (347) facilities were fully functional and 17% were partially functional. [27]

The worst situation was in Borno State. According to HeRAMS findings on 2017 about 35% of the 743 health facilities were completely destroyed, about 30% were partially damaged. [24] [21] [28] Significant water supply problems were also identified: three-fourths of facilities did not have a sufficient number of appropriate disinfectants, more than half did not have safe water access. [22] [29]

HeRAMS in Yemen

Yemen is in ongoing conflict that began in 2015 [30] HeRAMS assessment in 2016 covered 3,507 facilities in 16 governorates. [31] [32] 45% of the surveyed health facilities were fully functional. [15]

HeRAMS in Iraq

During Mosul crisis in 2017 five teams from Ninewa Directorate of Health were selected from east Mosul, Qayara and Al-Hamdaniya districts. They were trained on HeRAMS for assessing availability of medical resources and services in the healthcare facilities within the area of their origin. [16]

253 healthcare facilities were surveyed. According to collected data, published in analytical report in 2018, 14% of health houses, 22% of primary health care centres and 48% of referral hospitals were not-functioning. But all 5 field hospitals were fully functioning and most of mobile medical clinic were fully or partially functioning. [33] [34]

HeRAMS in Ukraine

In response to prolonged military intervention, in Ukraine a new Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories was founded and central units of the executive branch of Ukraine created relevant divisions. In the Ministry of Social Policy operates Divilion for social adaptation of ATO participants and retired servicemen, [35] in the Ministry of Health – Division of coordination and providing medical care during anti-terrorist operations, emergency and martial law. [36]

In cooperation with it World Health Organization launched the HeRAMS Ukraine project in 2017. Primarily initial assessment was conducted only on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. [17] [18] [37]

Related Research Articles

Humanitarian aid workers belonging to United Nations organisations, PVOs / NGOs or the Red Cross / Red Crescent are among the list of protected persons under international humanitarian law that grant them immunity from attack by belligerent parties. However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and become more frequent since the 1990s and 2000s. In 2017, the Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD) documented 139 humanitarian workers killed in intentional attacks out of the estimated global population of 569,700 workers. In every year since 2013, more than 100 humanitarian workers were killed. This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of neutrality and independence. In 2012 road travel was seen to be the most dangerous context, with kidnappings of aid workers quadrupling in the last decade, reaching more aid workers victims than any other form of attack.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adamawa State</span> State of Nigeria

Adamawa State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It is bordered by Borno to the northwest, Gombe to the west for 95 km, and Taraba to the southwest for about 366 km, while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon across the Atlantica Mountains for about 712 km. The state takes its name from the historic emirate of Adamawa, with the emirate's old capital of Yola now serving as the capital city of Adamawa state. The state is one of the most heterogeneous in Nigeria, having over 100 indigenous ethnic groups. It was formed in 1991 by the General Ibrahim Badamsi Babangida military regime, when the former Gongola state was divided into Adamawa and Taraba states. Since then, Adamawa State has had ten military and civilian governors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</span> United Nations body managing response to complex emergencies

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is a United Nations (UN) body established in December 1991 by the General Assembly to strengthen the international response to complex emergencies and natural disasters. It is the successor to the Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yobe State</span> State of Nigeria

Yobe is a state located in northeastern Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on 27 August 1991. Yobe State was carved out of Borno State. The capital of Yobe State is Damaturu, and its largest city by population is Potiskum. While by the largest by land area is Fune, Potiskum Local Government Area is a place of Farmers and marketers, the largest cattle market in Africa is located in Potiskum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borno State</span> State of Nigeria

Borno State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria.It is bordered by Yobe to the west for about 421 km, Gombe to the southwest for 93 km, and Adamawa to the south while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon for about 426 km. Its northern border forms part of the national border with Niger for about 223 km, mostly across the Komadougou-Yobe River, and its northeastern border forms all of the national border with Chad for 85 km ,.It is the only Nigerian state to border up to three countries. It takes its name from the historic emirate of Borno, with the emirate's old capital of Maiduguri serving as the capital city of Borno State. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State was broken up. It originally included the area that is now Yobe State, which became a distinct state in 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Project HOPE</span> Healthcare organization in Bethesda, United States

Project HOPE is an international global health and humanitarian aid non-governmental organization founded in the United States in 1958. Project HOPE works in five main areas: disasters and health crises; infectious diseases; noncommunicable diseases; maternal, neonatal and child health; and health policy. The organization has been led by President and CEO Rabih Torbay since 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adamu Bello</span> Nigerian technocrat

Adamu Bello is a Nigerian politician who was Federal Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2001 to 2007. He also headed the consolidated Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources from January to May 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Modupe Ozolua</span> Nigerian businesswoman

Modupe Ozolua is a Lebanese-Nigerian-American philanthropist and entrepreneur. She was the CEO of Body Enhancement Ltd and is the founding president of Empower 54 Project Initiatives formerly known as Body Enhancement Annual Reconstructive Surgery (BEARS) Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Yemen</span>

Despite the significant progress Yemen has made to expand and improve its health care system over the past decade, the system remains severely underdeveloped. Total expenditures on health care in 2002 constituted 3.7 percent of gross domestic product.

Michika (Mwe-cika) is a town and Local Government Area in Adamawa State, Nigeria, it is the administrative headquarters of the local government. It is in Northern Adamawa State and located directly across the border from the famous tourist site of Mcedigyi in vecemwe Rhumsiki in Cameroon. Mwe-cika (Michika) is the fourth largest town in Adamawa State.

Mohammed Buba Marwa, is a retired Nigerian army brigadier general, who is serving as the Chairman of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) since January 2021. He previously served as governor of Lagos State from 1996 to 1999 during the military regime of General Sani Abacha and Abdulsalami Abubakar and governor of Borno State from 1990 to 1992 during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boko Haram insurgency</span> Terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa

The Boko Haram insurgency began in July 2009, when the militant Islamist and jihadist rebel group Boko Haram started an armed rebellion against the government of Nigeria. The conflict is taking place within the context of long-standing issues of religious violence between Nigeria's Muslim and Christian communities, and the insurgents' ultimate aim is to establish an Islamic state in the region.

Global Medical Aid is a Danish humanitarian non-governmental charity organization, founded in 2010 by Hans-Frederik Dydensborg, Advocate of the Supreme Court (Denmark), who in 2012 was nominated to Hero of the Year by the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. All members of GMA work on a voluntary basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chakawa and Kawuri attacks</span> Terrorist attacks

The January 2014 Northern Nigeria attacks were a set of terrorist massacres that occurred in January 2014 at Kawuri, Borno state and in Chakawa village, Madagali Local Government Area, Adamawa State respectively. All of the attacks have been blamed on Boko Haram.

The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is a non-governmental organization specializing in disaggregated conflict data collection, analysis, and crisis mapping. ACLED codes the dates, actors, locations, fatalities, and types of all reported political violence and demonstration events around the world in real time. As of 2022, ACLED has recorded more than 1.3 million individual events globally. In addition to data collection, the ACLED team conducts analysis to describe, explore, and test conflict scenarios, with analysis made freely available to the public for non-commercial use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</span> Aspect of the war

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak</span> Outbreak of cholera in the war-torn country of Yemen

An outbreak of cholera began in Yemen in October 2016. The outbreak peaked in 2017 with over 2,000 reported deaths in that year alone. In 2017 and 2019, war-torn Yemen accounted for 84% and 93% of all cholera cases in the world, with children constituting the majority of reported cases. As of November 2021, there have been more than 2.5 million cases reported, and more than 4,000 people have died in the Yemen cholera outbreak, which the United Nations deemed the worst humanitarian crisis in the world at that time. However, the outbreak has substantially decreased by 2021, with a successful vaccination program implemented and only 5,676 suspected cases with two deaths reported between January 1 and March 6 of 2021.

Emergency medicine reform in Ukraine has been part of Ukraine's healthcare reform program since its launch in 2016. Managed by the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, the program is meant to improve the quality and speed of Ukraine's emergency medical care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclone Sagar</span> Tropical cyclone which made landfall in Somalia and Somaliland

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The following is a timeline of the Yemeni humanitarian crisis, ongoing since the mid-2010s.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 "Health Resources Availability Monitoring System (HeRAMS)". WHO . Retrieved January 4, 2018.
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  5. ↑ "HeRAMS Sudan: Annual report 2013" (PDF). WHO . Retrieved 31 December 2017.[ dead link ]
  6. ↑ "Sudan: Health Resources Availability Mapping System (HeRAMS)". OCHA. July 4, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  7. ↑ "HeRAMS Mali – executive summary" (PDF). WHO. December 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Typhoon Yolanda: One Year On photo story". WHO. Archived from the original on November 13, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  9. ↑ "RCA-WHO- Rapport de l'enquête HeRAMS 2016". OCHA . Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  10. ↑ "Central African Republic Special Information Brief 9 Months after L3 Declaration - 15 September 2014". OCHA. September 15, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Syrian Arab Republic. HeRAMS". WHO . Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Saving lives in Fiji with our Standby Partners". WHO. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  13. ↑ Suliasi Batikawai; Waqairapoa Tikoisuva. "WASH in Health Care Facilities: Fiji Experience" (PDF). UNICEF. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  14. 1 2 "Information on health services essential for humanitarian response in Borno State, Nigeria". WHO. November 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  15. 1 2 "Survey reveals extent of damage to Yemen's health system". OCHA. November 6, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  16. 1 2 "WHO Special Situation Report, Mosul Crisis, Iraq, Issue No 12: 26 March to 01 April 2017" (PDF). WHO. April 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2018.[ dead link ]
  17. 1 2 "Monitoring of medical resources under the HeRAMS Ukraine program". Selydove city council. December 2, 2017. Archived from the original on January 1, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  18. 1 2 "Work of employees of the Department of Health of the Regional State Administration for 10 months of 2017" (in Ukrainian). Department of Health of Donetsk Regional State Administration. 6 December 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  19. ↑ Røttingen, John-Arne; Regmi, Sadie; Eide, Mari; Young, Alison J; Viergever, Roderik F (October 2013). "Mapping of available health research and development data: what's there, what's missing, and what role is there for a global observatory?". The Lancet . 382 (9900): 1286–1307. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61046-6. PMID   23697824. S2CID   205969394.
  20. ↑ Samarasekera, Udani; Horton, Richard (November 2017). "Improving evidence for health in humanitarian crises". The Lancet . 390 (10109): 2223–2224. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31353-3. PMID   28602559. S2CID   30418200.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Northeast Nigeria Health Sector Response Strategy-2017/18" (PDF). WHO. April 11, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  22. 1 2 Shrivastava, Saurabh RamBihariLal; Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh; Ramasamy, Jegadeesh (2017). "Extending humanitarian assistance to people in the borno state of Nigeria". International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management . 5 (2) (published August 2017): 49–50. doi: 10.4103/ijhsdm.ijhsdm_33_16 (inactive 31 January 2024). Retrieved 31 January 2019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  23. ↑ "Northeast Nigeria Response BORNO State Health Sector Bulletin #27". WHO, Borno State Government. July 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  24. 1 2 Martins Ifijeh (January 5, 2017). "WHO: One Third of Health Facilities in Borno State Have Been Destroyed". Thisday Newspaper . Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  25. ↑ "North East Nigeria - Adamawa Health Resources Availability Mapping System -HeRAMS 5W E-Atlas as of June 2018". OCHA. July 23, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  26. ↑ "Nigeria: Health Resources Availability and Monitoring System (HeRAMS), Adamawa State, Assessment Report (Draft) - November 2017". WHO. November 20, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  27. 1 2 "Northeast Nigeria Humanitarian Response Monthly Health Sector Bulletin #2" (PDF). WHO, Borno State Government. February 28, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Health system in north eastern Nigeria" (PDF). WHO. November 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  29. ↑ "NIGERIA Health in the Northeast Thematic Report". ACAPS. 24 May 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  30. ↑ Orkaby, Asher (25 March 2015). "Houthi Who?". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  31. ↑ "Service Availability and Health Facilities Functionality in 16 Governorates" (PDF). Yemen Ministry of Public Health & Populatione, World Health Organization Yemen Country Office. October 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  32. ↑ Markus Heinrich (December 14, 2018). "HeRAMS-Yemen-November-2016". The Globalist . Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  33. ↑ "Iraq: Health Resources & Services Availability Mapping System (HeRAMS) in Ninewa (March, 2018)". WHO. 19 Sep 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
  34. ↑ "IRQ: Ninewa HERAMS (March 2018)". OCHA. March 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
  35. ↑ "Наказ Мінсоцполітики від 12 квітня 2018 року № 336 "Про затвердження структури апарату Міністерства соціальної політики України"" [Order of the Ministry of Social Policy from April 12, 2018, No. 336 "On approval of the structure of the apparatus of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine"] (in Ukrainian). Ministry of Social Policy. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  36. ↑ Anastasiia Chabanenko (31 March 2018). "Declaration of the division of coordination and providing medical care during anti-terrorist operations, emergency and martial law specialist". National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  37. ↑ "Реінтеграція Донбасу: що зроблено у 2017 році" [Donbas reintegration: what happened in 2017 (video broadcasting)]. The National News Agency of Ukraine. December 21, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
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